Naswar is a Smokeless Tobacco Product (STP) widely used in
Pakistan. It has been correlated with oral and esophageal cancer in
recent clinical studies. The toxic effects associated with S.T.P
have been associated with trace level contaminants present in these
products. That is why toxin level of Pakistani Naswar is reported
for the first time in this study. Thirty Pakistani brands of Naswar
were tested for a variety of toxic constituents and carcinogens
such as cadmium, arsenic, lead and other carcinogenic metals;
nitrite and nitrate; and nicotine and pH. The average values of all
the toxins studied were well above their allowable limits, making
the product a health risk for its consumers. Calculated life time
cancer risk is well above the minimum 'target range' for
potentially hazardous substances.This study shows that the
production, packaging, sale and consumption of Naswar should be
regulated, and the general public be made aware of its harmful
effects, so that to protect them from the health hazards associated
with its consumption.
General
Imprint: |
Lap Lambert Academic Publishing
|
Country of origin: |
Germany |
Release date: |
December 2011 |
First published: |
December 2011 |
Authors: |
Zaki Ullah
• Muhammad Saeed
|
Dimensions: |
229 x 152 x 8mm (L x W x T) |
Format: |
Paperback - Trade
|
Pages: |
140 |
ISBN-13: |
978-3-8473-2448-5 |
Categories: |
Books >
Medicine >
Clinical & internal medicine >
General
|
LSN: |
3-8473-2448-9 |
Barcode: |
9783847324485 |
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