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The rapid development of powerful pulsed lasers is at the origin of
a conside rable interest in studying the response of an atom, a
molecule (or a solid) to a strong electromagnetic field. It is now
possible to produce at the laboratory scale, ultra-short 13 pulses
with a duration of 100 femtoseconds (10- second) and a power of the
order 12 of 1 terawatt (10 Watt). Under these conditions, very high
peak intensities may be obtained and electric fields exceeding
typical electron binding fields in atoms are generated. The
interaction of an atom or a molecule with such electromagnetic
fields has a highly non-linear character which leads to unexpected
phenomena. Amongst them, - above-threshold ionization (ATI) i.e.
the absorption of additional photons in excess of the minimal
number necessary to overcome the ionization potential and its
molecular counterpart, above-threshold dissociation (ATD); -
generation of very high harmonics of the driving field; -
stabilization of one-electron systems in strong fields. These
processes were the main topics of two international meetings which
were held in 1989 and 1991 in the United States under the common
name SILAP (Super-Intense Laser-Atom Physics).
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