This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the international symposium Formal Methods Europe, FME 2002, held in Copenhagen, Denmark, in July 2002.The 31 revised full papers presented together with three invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 95 submissions. All current aspects of formal methods are addressed, from foundational and methodological issues to advanced application in various fields.

Professional sports in America offer numerous examples of equal opportunity and broken down racial barriers. These developments call for pride and celebration. Yet skin color continues to have an influence in how Americans experience sport. From Al Campanis statement about the under-representation of blacks in baseball front offices to the almost exclusively white ownership of professional teams, one sees that sports, though admirably more equitable than other societal institutions, are hardly a colorblind American pursuit.

Choosing the racially charged sport of boxing for investigation, the author has compiled dozens of statistics measuring whether or not Americas racial majority still yearns for a white championa Great White Hope. Drawing upon data from The Ring Magazine and its annual record books, this study endeavors to bolster or refute the popular perception in boxing circles that white fighters of lesser ability are helped along to their sports elite level, as a result of being promotional gold in the eyes of the public.

Formal specifications were first used in the description of program ming languages because of the central role that languages and their compilers play in causing a machine to perform the computations required by a programmer. In a relatively short time, specification notations have found their place in industry and are used for the description of a wide variety of software and hardware systems. A formal method - like VDM - must offer a mathematically-based specification language. On this language rests the other key element of the formal method: the ability to reason about a specification. Proofs can be empioyed in reasoning about the potential behaviour of a system and in the process of showing that the design satisfies the specification. The existence of a formal specification is a prerequisite for the use of proofs; but this prerequisite is not in itself sufficient. Both proofs and programs are large formal texts. Would-be proofs may therefore contain errors in the same way as code. During the difficult but inevitable process of revising specifications and devel opments, ensuring consistency is a major challenge. It is therefore evident that another requirement - for the successful use of proof techniques in the development of systems from formal descriptions - is the availability of software tools which support the manipu lation of large bodies of formulae and help the user in the design of the proofs themselves."

In Against the New Politics of Identity, philosopher Ronald A. Lindsay offers a sustained criticism of the far-reaching cultural transformation occurring across much of the West by which individuals are defined primarily by their group identity, such as race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Driven largely by the political Left, this transformation has led to the wholesale grouping of individuals into oppressed and oppressor classes in both theory and practice. He warns that the push for identity politics on the Left predictably elicits a parallel reaction from the Right, including the Right's own version of identity politics in the form of Christian nationalism. As Lindsay makes clear, the symbiotic relationship that has formed between these two political poles risks producing even deeper threats to Enlightenment values and Western democracy. If we are to preserve a liberal democracy in which the rights of individuals are respected, he concludes, the dogmas of identity politics must be challenged and refuted. Against the New Politics of Identity offers a principled path for doing so.

Teacher Diversity and Student Success makes a powerful case for diversifying the teaching force as an important policy lever for closing achievement gaps and moving schools closer to equity goals. Written by three leading scholars, the book provides nuanced solutions on how to diversify the teaching force, increase student exposures to same-race teachers, and improve teacher training for a culturally diverse student body. They argue that teacher diversity should be seen as one element of teacher quality, and policies focused on improving teacher quality should take race explicitly into consideration. The authors also address the historic and contemporary factors that have kept people of color out of teaching and highlight emerging research showing the significant, long-lasting impact of same-race teacher exposures, particularly for Black and Latino students. This timely book is a call to action for building teacher diversity to ensure student success.

In "Biography and the Black Atlantic," leading historians in the field of Atlantic studies examine the biographies and autobiographies of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century African-descended people and reflect on the opportunities and limitations these life stories present to studies of slavery and the African diaspora. The essays remind us that historical developments like slavery and empire-building were mostly experienced and shaped by men and women outside of the elite political, economic, and military groups to which historians often turn as sources.Despite the scarcity of written records and other methodological challenges, the contributors to "Biography and the Black Atlantic" have pieced together vivid glimpses into lives of remarkable, through previously unknown, enslaved and formerly enslaved people who moved, struggled, and endured in different parts of Africa, the Americas, and Europe. From the woman of Fulani origin who made her way from Revolutionary Haiti to Louisiana to the free black American who sailed for Liberia and the former slave from Brazil who became a major slave trader in Angola, these stories render the Atlantic world as a densely and sometimes unpredictably interconnected sphere. "Biography and the Black Atlantic" demonstrates the power of individual stories to illuminate history: though the life histories recounted here often involved extraordinary achievement and survival against the odds, they also portray the struggle for self-determination and community in the midst of alienation that lies at the heart of the modern condition.Contributors: James T. Campbell, Vincent Carretta, Roquinaldo Ferreira, Jean-Michel Hebrard, Martin Klein, Lloyd S. Kramer, Sheryl Kroen, Jane Landers, Lisa A. Lindsay, Joseph C. Miller, Cassandra Pybus, Joao Jose Reis, Rebecca J. Scott, Jon Sensbach, John Wood Sweet.

This book combines the research into effective music teaching from Dr. Lindsay's graduate studies with her creativity in the application of those effective music teaching methods. The term that summarizes her educational philosophy is "Edu-tainment." Having worked for the Walt Disney Corporation and Old Indiana Fun Park, Dr. Lindsay has a good grasp of what engages students. Her goal is to use whatever resources are available to make her teaching stimulating-yet-always-informative. Throughout her classes and lessons, she intersperses the use of video, role-playing, anecdotes, examples, humor, references to popular music and movies, discussion, student performances, eurhythmic exercises, caricatures, costuming, and Orff exercises to make her class sessions memorable and vivid. To be an effective piano teacher, one must utilize techniques that teachers use in other musical settings, like choirs, orchestras, and other private lessons. According to research, there are three major elements that make an effective teacher (Blocher, Greenwood, & Shellahamer, 1997; Dunn, 1997; and Madsen, 1990). The first element is "teacher presentation." This includes the information being presented, and the manner in which it is presented. The second element is "student activity." Many studies have shown that, when students are actively engaged in a lesson, they are more attentive, have better attitudes, and achieve more. The third and final element includes complete teaching patterns, and ultimately feedback. This book uses research in conjunction with resource activity sheets. Essentially, remember that you are a performer. You are writer, director, producer, and actor. You write the lesson plans, guide students through the lesson, prepare the materials and classroom, and must demonstrate appropriate behaviors and attitudes. Sometimes the director must tell the actors exactly what facial expressions and movements to make. S/he may need to demonstrate as well. Your class is like a movie production. Sometimes, it is a one-person show with audience participation. Sometimes it is a "cast of thousands." All activities in this book are written with a movie theme. Each activity sheet contains a "Spotlight," "Props & Set Design," " Story Board," "Encore," "Important Plot Points," "Behind the Scenes," and "The Script." There is also a reminder, "Don't Forget Lights, camera This is presentation] Action This is the activity and student response] Applause" This is (approval) feedback]. Some of the activities also have a "Re-makes" and "Credits" section.

Whether you are a true believer or a skeptic, you will encounter religious rhetoric at Walt Disney World, Florida. Lurking in all four theme parks are implicit and explicit religious rhetorical messages. This book will help you find these messages and grapple with your own position on the religious issues raised by Disney messages. ...................................................... What is Disneology? It is an exploration of rhetoric, theology, and philosophy. It uses Disney symbols as the starting point for each chapter. If archaeology discovers the vast repository of human culture from past generations, then Disneology discovers the vast repository of human culture that appeals to many segments of our current generation. Where better to explore rhetoric, theology, and philosophy than at the most collectively successful cultural repository of our generation?

War affects every one of all nations, cultures, and ethnic groups especially the little children. To a young child, wars may seem to make no sense at all unless their parents explain to them why there are wars. War may even seem justified because the child may have learned that good and evil permeates the whole world. When a war has come to an end though, the only thing that matters to a young child is that their daddy, mommy, or any other relative makes it home safe.

There have been several stories, and eyewitness accounts of alien encounters all around the world, even in the Caribbean countries. People who experience these encounters are often scrutinized and called liars. When I was growing up in St. Croix, U. S. Virgin Islands, I heard several stories about the little creatures in the Islands. In the Caribbean, they were known to be little green or light grayish creatures. Were these aliens? Whether one believes in aliens or not, the stories in the Caribbean were quite interesting, and made you wonder. The story in this book about a little boy named Charles and the alien encounter he experienced, was inspired by the stories of the alien looking small creatures known throughout the world and the Caribbean.

In Two Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

This book will introduce you to the basic history and concepts of Rhetoric, and demonstrate those concepts by allowing you to experience the rhetoric in the music at Walt Disney World. Starting with the prayer theory of Homer and the ancient Greeks, we learn that Flattery, Quid pro Quo, and appeals for consistency are persuasive. Then Plato coins the term "rhetoric," but uses it in a negative sense. His student, Aristotle, writes the most important work on Rhetoric in history, emphasizing ethics, emotion, and logic. We believe some things just because we trust the word of someone else. Aristotle also taught the three basic uses of rhetoric: in the courts, in the political assemblies, and in the culture. The Romans added the 5 basic considerations of Rhetoric: Invention, Arrangement, Style, Memory, and Delivery. Contemporary rhetoricians, Kenneth Burke, Chaim Perelman, and Stephen Toulmin add concepts like identification, cultural values, and the two-sided message. Disney provides musical experiences of all of these. Everyone is familiar with Disney Music. But, few have analyzed what types of persuasive messages are communicated through Disney music. Find out for yourself what the rest of the world is being persuaded by listening to the music. Take, for example, the song "Two Brothers" in The American Adventure. Is it pro-war or anti-war? How would you analyze the rhetoric of such music? This book explains the methods rhetoricians have been using for thousands of years.

In Two Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

In Two Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.