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This book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of
neuroglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroglia are the most
abundant cells in the nervous system and consist of several
distinct cell types, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,and
microglia. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroglia
participate in the neurodegenerative process, and as such are
essential players in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's, and Huntington's. Intended for researchers and
students, the book presents recent advances concerning the biology
of neuroglia as well as their interaction with neurons during
disease progression. In addition, to highlight the function of
neuroglia in different types of neurodegenerative disease, it also
discusses their mechanisms and effects on protecting or damaging
neurons.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of
neuroglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroglia are the most
abundant cells in the nervous system and consist of several
distinct cell types, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,and
microglia. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroglia
participate in the neurodegenerative process, and as such are
essential players in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer's,
Parkinson's, and Huntington's. Intended for researchers and
students, the book presents recent advances concerning the biology
of neuroglia as well as their interaction with neurons during
disease progression. In addition, to highlight the function of
neuroglia in different types of neurodegenerative disease, it also
discusses their mechanisms and effects on protecting or damaging
neurons.
Pathophysiological states, neurological and psychiatric diseases
are almost universally considered from the neurocentric point of
view, with neurons being the principal cellular element of
pathological process. The brain homeostasis, which lies at the
fulcrum of healthy brain function, the compromise of which
invariably results in dysfunction/disease, however, is entirely
controlled by neuroglia. It is becoming clear that neuroglial cells
are involved in various aspects of initiation, progression and
resolution of neuropathology. In this book we aim to integrate the
body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing
the active role of glia in such pathophysiological processes.
Understanding roles of glial cells in pathology will provide new
targets for medical intervention and aide the development of much
needed therapeutics. This book will be particularly useful for
researchers, students, physicians and psychotherapists working in
the field of neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.
ATP acts as main energy source and is pivotal for numerous
signaling cascades both inside the cells (by fuelling various
transport systems and donating phosphate groups) and between the
cells (by chemical transmission). Similarly glutamate acts as an
important molecule for both intercellular signaling though
glutamatergic transmission and cell energetics by contributing to
ATP production. In this collection of chapters, written by the
leading experts in the field of cell metabolism and energetics,
intracellular signaling and neurotransmission we covered various
aspects of the interfacing between these two fundamental molecules.
This book will be particularly useful for researchers, students,
physicians and psychotherapists working in the field of
neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.
Pathophysiological states, neurological and psychiatric diseases
are almost universally considered from the neurocentric point of
view, with neurons being the principal cellular element of
pathological process. The brain homeostasis, which lies at the
fulcrum of healthy brain function, the compromise of which
invariably results in dysfunction/disease, however, is entirely
controlled by neuroglia. It is becoming clear that neuroglial cells
are involved in various aspects of initiation, progression and
resolution of neuropathology. In this book we aim to integrate the
body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing
the active role of glia in such pathophysiological processes.
Understanding roles of glial cells in pathology will provide new
targets for medical intervention and aide the development of much
needed therapeutics. This book will be particularly useful for
researchers, students, physicians and psychotherapists working in
the field of neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.
ATP acts as main energy source and is pivotal for numerous
signaling cascades both inside the cells (by fuelling various
transport systems and donating phosphate groups) and between the
cells (by chemical transmission). Similarly glutamate acts as an
important molecule for both intercellular signaling though
glutamatergic transmission and cell energetics by contributing to
ATP production. In this collection of chapters, written by the
leading experts in the field of cell metabolism and energetics,
intracellular signaling and neurotransmission we covered various
aspects of the interfacing between these two fundamental molecules.
This book will be particularly useful for researchers, students,
physicians and psychotherapists working in the field of
neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.
This contributed volume discusses the multiple roles of astrocytes,
which determine the progression and outcome of neuropsychiatric
diseases. This emerging area of study examines the ways in which
astrocytes are involved in various aspects of disease initiation,
progression and resolution. This monograph aims to integrate the
body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing
the active role of astrocytes in neuropsychiatric pathology and in
psychiatric disorders. Understanding roles of astrocytes in
pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aid
the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be
valuable for researchers and workers in the fields of neurobiology,
neurology, and psychiatry, as well as fill the need for a textbook
used in advanced courses/graduate seminars in glial
pathophysiology.
This contributed volume discusses the multiple roles of astrocytes,
which determine the progression and outcome of neuropsychiatric
diseases. This emerging area of study examines the ways in which
astrocytes are involved in various aspects of disease initiation,
progression and resolution. This monograph aims to integrate the
body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing
the active role of astrocytes in neuropsychiatric pathology and in
psychiatric disorders. Understanding roles of astrocytes in
pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aid
the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be
valuable for researchers and workers in the fields of neurobiology,
neurology, and psychiatry, as well as fill the need for a textbook
used in advanced courses/graduate seminars in glial
pathophysiology.
Diverse specialised neuroglial cells guarantee the development,
preservation, and health of the central nervous system, the
peripheral nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the
special senses. In the central nervous system, it is the
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia that safeguard nerve
cell function and integrity that controls all behaviours and
encompasses the cerebral cortex of the brain which is the root of
humanity. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells play the
leading role, together with satellite glial cells of the sensory
and autonomic ganglia, ensuring correct communication between the
organs and tissues with the brain and the spinal cord. In the
enteric nervous system, specialised enteric glial cells maintain
all aspects of gastrointestinal function. Then there are
distinctive glial cells of the special senses that ensure how the
body perceives and reacts to its environment. In pathology,
neuroglia strive to protect the diverse cellular components of the
nervous system and are responsible for a proactive programme of
posttraumatic restructuring that is aimed at recovery of
life-sustaining function. Neuroglia: Function and Pathology
provides a highly original and comprehensive account of the
physiology and pathophysiology of glial cells in the central and
peripheral nervous systems. The first part of the book provides a
far-reaching description of glial cell form and function, from
their evolution in invertebrates to their complexity in humans,
encompassing the developmental origin of the varied glial cell
types and their diversity of morphology, molecular biology and
cellular physiology. The second part of the book is devoted to an
all-embracing evaluation of glial cell pathophysiology, commencing
with definitive explanations of the fundamental pathologies of the
main glial cell types, and ending in a systematic examination of
glial contributions to specific neurological diseases. This book
emphasises the central roles played by the different classes of
neuroglial cells in the progression and outcome of neurological
disorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems and
highlights potential of glial cells as therapeutic targets. The
book contains more than 2500 key references from over 150 years of
glial research and is superbly illustrated with over 350 original
and explanatory full colour figures that describe the diverse
characteristics and properties of glial cells in health and
disease. Under the same cover, this book combines an authoritative
reference book for research and clinical neuroscientists and at the
same time serves as an instructive textbook for students of
neuroscience, from undergraduates to postgraduates.
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Neuroglia in C. elegans (Paperback)
Randy F. Stout Jr, Navin Pokala; Series edited by Alexei Verkhratsky, Vladimir Parpura
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R947
Discovery Miles 9 470
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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The nematode C. elegans is one of the most important model
organisms for understanding neurobiology. Its completely mapped
neural connectome of 302 neurons and fully characterized and
stereotyped development have made it a prototype for understanding
nervous system structure, development, and function. Fifty-six out
of C. elegans' total of 959 somatic cells are classified as
neuroglia. Although research on worm glia has lagged behind studies
focused on neurons, there has been a steep upswing in interest
during the past decade. Information arising from the recent burst
of research on worm glia supports the idea that C. elegans will
continue to be an important animal model for understanding glial
cell biology. Since the developmental lineage of all cells was
mapped, each glial cell in C. elegans is known by a specific name
and has research associated with it. We list and describe the glia
of the hermaphrodite form of C. elegans and summarize research
findings relating to each glial cell. We hope this lecture provides
an informative overview of worm glia to accompany the excellent and
freely available online resources available to the worm research
community.
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Neuroglia in C. elegans (Hardcover)
Randy F. Stout Jr, Navin Pokala; Series edited by Alexei Verkhratsky, Vladimir Parpura
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R1,529
Discovery Miles 15 290
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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The nematode C. elegans is one of the most important model
organisms for understanding neurobiology. Its completely mapped
neural connectome of 302 neurons and fully characterized and
stereotyped development have made it a prototype for understanding
nervous system structure, development, and function. Fifty-six out
of C. elegans' total of 959 somatic cells are classified as
neuroglia. Although research on worm glia has lagged behind studies
focused on neurons, there has been a steep upswing in interest
during the past decade. Information arising from the recent burst
of research on worm glia supports the idea that C. elegans will
continue to be an important animal model for understanding glial
cell biology. Since the developmental lineage of all cells was
mapped, each glial cell in C. elegans is known by a specific name
and has research associated with it. We list and describe the glia
of the hermaphrodite form of C. elegans and summarize research
findings relating to each glial cell. We hope this lecture provides
an informative overview of worm glia to accompany the excellent and
freely available online resources available to the worm research
community.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of Alexander disease, a
rare and devastating neurological disorder that often affects the
white matter of the brain and spinal cord. Its distinctive
neuropathology consists of abundant Rosenthal fibers within
astrocytes (one of the four major cell types of the central nervous
system). Nearly all cases are caused by variants in the gene
encoding the intermediate filament protein GFAP, but how these
changes in GFAP lead to the widespread manifestations of disease is
poorly understood. Astrocytes, while discovered over a century ago,
are themselves still much of a mystery. They exhibit considerable
diversity, defy precise definition, and yet actively regulate many
aspects of nervous system functioning. We also have incomplete
understanding of Rosenthal fibers, odd structures that contain GFAP
as just one of many components. Whether they are toxic or
protective is unknown. Moreover, Rosenthal fibers are not
absolutely unique to Alexander disease, and are seen sporadically
in a wide variety of other conditions, including brain tumors and
multiple sclerosis. GFAP is the third unknown. It is an ancient
protein, arising early in the evolution of vertebrates, but its
role in normal biology is still a matter of debate. Yet Alexander
disease shows, without a doubt, that changing just a single of its
432 amino acids can lead to catastrophe, not just in the astrocytes
where GFAP is produced but also in the other cells with which
astrocytes interact. Despite all of the unknowns, much has been
learned in the past 20 years, and it is time to share this
knowledge. This book is intended for recently diagnosed patients
and families, as well as non-specialist researchers interested in
this neurological disease. It covers historical origins, the state
of current knowledge, and prospects for what lies ahead, with
citations to the primary literature given throughout.
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Drosophila Glia (Paperback)
Linfang Wang, Honglei Wang, Margaret S Ho; Series edited by Alexei Verkhratsky, Vladimir Parpura
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R595
Discovery Miles 5 950
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Glia, the non-neuronal cells in the nervous systems, are both
passive and active participants in diverse arrays of neuronal
function. The diversity of glial cells in various animal species
appears to be correlated with the complexity of brains. In the
animal Drosophila melanogaster, glia are similarly categorized to
their mammalian counterparts in morphology and function. Surface
glia cover the outermost surface of the brain and function as a
blood-brain-barrier to protect the nervous system. Cortex glia,
similar to mammalian astrocytes, enwrap around the neuronal cell
bodies and provide trophic support. Neuropil glia, similar to
mammalian astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, are closely associated
with the synapse-enriched neuropils and regulate synapse formation,
synaptic function, and underlie the mechanism of circuit and
behavior. This short monograph focuses on Drosophila glia,
discusses the classification of different glial subtypes and their
developmental origins, and provides an overview of different
glial-mediated activity crucial for the development and function of
the nervous system. This context serves as a general introduction
to the molecular and cellular basis of glial function in normal and
pathological brains.
|
Drosophila Glia (Hardcover)
Linfang Wang, Honglei Wang, Margaret S Ho; Series edited by Alexei Verkhratsky, Vladimir Parpura
|
R1,137
Discovery Miles 11 370
|
Ships in 10 - 15 working days
|
Glia, the non-neuronal cells in the nervous systems, are both
passive and active participants in diverse arrays of neuronal
function. The diversity of glial cells in various animal species
appears to be correlated with the complexity of brains. In the
animal Drosophila melanogaster, glia are similarly categorized to
their mammalian counterparts in morphology and function. Surface
glia cover the outermost surface of the brain and function as a
blood-brain-barrier to protect the nervous system. Cortex glia,
similar to mammalian astrocytes, enwrap around the neuronal cell
bodies and provide trophic support. Neuropil glia, similar to
mammalian astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, are closely associated
with the synapse-enriched neuropils and regulate synapse formation,
synaptic function, and underlie the mechanism of circuit and
behavior. This short monograph focuses on Drosophila glia,
discusses the classification of different glial subtypes and their
developmental origins, and provides an overview of different
glial-mediated activity crucial for the development and function of
the nervous system. This context serves as a general introduction
to the molecular and cellular basis of glial function in normal and
pathological brains.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of Alexander disease, a
rare and devastating neurological disorder that often affects the
white matter of the brain and spinal cord. Its distinctive
neuropathology consists of abundant Rosenthal fibers within
astrocytes (one of the four major cell types of the central nervous
system). Nearly all cases are caused by variants in the gene
encoding the intermediate filament protein GFAP, but how these
changes in GFAP lead to the widespread manifestations of disease is
poorly understood. Astrocytes, while discovered over a century ago,
are themselves still much of a mystery. They exhibit considerable
diversity, defy precise definition, and yet actively regulate many
aspects of nervous system functioning. We also have incomplete
understanding of Rosenthal fibers, odd structures that contain GFAP
as just one of many components. Whether they are toxic or
protective is unknown. Moreover, Rosenthal fibers are not
absolutely unique to Alexander disease, and are seen sporadically
in a wide variety of other conditions, including brain tumors and
multiple sclerosis. GFAP is the third unknown. It is an ancient
protein, arising early in the evolution of vertebrates, but its
role in normal biology is still a matter of debate. Yet Alexander
disease shows, without a doubt, that changing just a single of its
432 amino acids can lead to catastrophe, not just in the astrocytes
where GFAP is produced but also in the other cells with which
astrocytes interact. Despite all of the unknowns, much has been
learned in the past 20 years, and it is time to share this
knowledge. This book is intended for recently diagnosed patients
and families, as well as non-specialist researchers interested in
this neurological disease. It covers historical origins, the state
of current knowledge, and prospects for what lies ahead, with
citations to the primary literature given throughout.
Astrocytes can be defined as the glia inhabiting the nervous system
with the main function in the maintenance of nervous tissue
homeostasis. Classified into several types according to their
morphological appearance, many of astrocytes form a reticular
structure known as astroglial syncytium, owing to their coupling
via intercellular channels organized into gap junctions. Not only
do astrocytes establish such homocellular contacts, but they also
engage in intimate heterocellular interactions with neurons, most
notably at synaptic sites. As synaptic structures house the very
core of information transfer and processing in the nervous system,
astroglial perisynaptic positioning assures that these glial cells
can nourish neurons and establish bidirectional communication with
them, functions outlined in the concepts of the astrocytic cradle
and multi-partite synapse, respectively. Astrocytes possess a rich
assortment of ligand receptors, ion and water channels, and ion and
ligand transporters, which collectively contribute to astrocytic
control of homeostasis and excitability. Astroglia control
glutamate and adenosine homeostasis to exert modulatory actions
affecting the real-time operation of synapses. Fluctuations of
intracellular calcium can lead to the release of various chemical
transmitters from astrocytes through a process termed
gliotransmission. Sodium fluctuations are closely associated to
those of calcium with both dynamic events interfacing signaling and
metabolism. Astrocytes appear fully integrated into the brain
cellular circuitry, being an indispensable part of neural networks.
This book is the introduction to a series of e-books dedicated to
the physiology and pathophysiology of neuroglia. The topic of
neuroglia is generally overlooked in neuroscience curricula across
the world, the main attention being focused on the description of
excitability of neurons and neuronal networks. The neuroglia, being
electrically non-excitable, are universally regarded as supportive
cells which do not contribute to information processing. This
oversimplified view, however, ignores the tremendous importance of
brain homeostasis, which is imperative for the ongoing activity of
neuronal networks. It also ignores the truth that specialization of
neurons and their ability for rapid propagation and multi-level
integration of signals become possible only because of delegation
of homeostatic abilities to neuroglia. Furthermore, glial cells
contribute to information processing as they can modulate neuronal
synaptic transmission. Finally, neuroglia provide the only system
of brain defense and as such these cells are intimately involved in
all types of neuropathologies, and contribute to both
neuroprotection and regeneration of the nervous system. The e-books
in this series provide a platform for in-depth learning of all
aspects of neuroglial cells function in health and disease.
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