This study of Civil War-era politics explores how German immigrants influenced the rise and fall of white commitment to African-American rights. Intertwining developments in Europe and North America, Alison Clark Efford describes how the presence of naturalized citizens affected the status of former slaves and identifies 1870 as a crucial turning point. That year, the Franco-Prussian War prompted German immigrants to re-evaluate the liberal nationalism underpinning African-American suffrage. Throughout the period, the newcomers' approach to race, ethnicity, gender and political economy shaped American citizenship law.

This study of Civil War-era politics explores how German immigrants influenced the rise and fall of white commitment to African-American rights. Intertwining developments in Europe and North America, Alison Clark Efford describes how the presence of naturalized citizens affected the status of former slaves and identifies 1870 as a crucial turning point. That year, the Franco-Prussian War prompted German immigrants to re-evaluate the liberal nationalism underpinning African-American suffrage. Throughout the period, the newcomers' approach to race, ethnicity, gender and political economy shaped American citizenship law.

Like many of the Europeans who fled to the United States after participating in the Revolutions of 1848, German-American feminist and writer Mathilde Franziska Anneke was deeply involved in the Civil War. She published antislavery fiction and political commentary, plotted to break Wisconsin abolitionist Sherman Booth out of prison, debated the war with individuals ranging from American radical Gerrit Smith to German socialist Ferdinand Lassalle, and followed the fate of German-born soldiers in the Union army, including her own husband. Throughout her remarkable career, Anneke's intimate relationships informed her politics and sustained her activism. This volume translates selections from Mathilde Anneke's fascinating correspondence with Fritz Anneke and Mary Booth, making the letters accessible to English-speaking historians, students, and members of the wider public for the first time.

This collection of intimate letters reveals the remarkable radicalism-personal and political-of Mathilde Franziska Anneke. Anneke first became a well-known feminist and democrat in Prussia, earning notoriety for divorcing her first husband and fighting in the German Revolutions of 1848-1849. After moving to the United States, she became a noted proponent of woman suffrage, working with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Like many other refugees of the German revolutions, Anneke was deeply involved in the Civil War. Radical Relationships focuses on the years 1859-1865, which encompassed not only the war but also Anneke's intense romantic friendship with Yankee abolitionist Mary Booth. Over the course of seven years, Anneke supported Mary through her husband's trial for rape. When Sherman Booth was later imprisoned for his abolitionist activity, Anneke conspired to spring him from jail. The two women then moved with three of their children to Zurich, Switzerland, where they collaborated on antislavery fiction and mixed with leading European radicals such as Ferdinand Lassalle. From Europe, they followed the fate of German-born soldiers in the Union army, including Anneke's husband, Fritz, and his court martial. Throughout her career, Anneke's intimate relationships informed her politics and sustained her activism. Her correspondence with Fritz and Mary Booth provides fresh perspectives on the transnational dimensions of the Civil War and gender and sexuality.