Plants have vital role in the lives of Humans, especially Cereal crops are important source of food for Human and other animals. Some environmental factor limiting the yield of these commercially important plants, heat stress is one of these factors. Now there is need to produce the more yield of the plants under limiting environmental conditions to fulfill the requirements of humans and other animals by producing the research techniques. The present book describes the environmental heat stress impacts on the plants especially on maize. Heat stress effects the morphology, physiology and reducing the yield of the maize crop. Plants adapt different methods to cope with the heat stress condition, heat stress produce reactive oxygen species that retards the plants growth. Heat shock protein development has been found in tolerant plants. Different osmoprotectants are used as priming and foliar treatments to improve the crop's growth and yield.

The importance of plant is not hidden from anyone. No doubt plants are divine gift to us. Green medicines are now more popular than the synthetic ones because of having the potential to cure a large number of diseases with a strong belief that herbal medicines are with less side effects, safe and easily availability. The present book consists of two important medicinal plants Jacaranda mimosifolia and Allamanda cathartica, which have antioxidant potential and various biological activities. Jacaranda mimosifilia belongs to Bignoniaceae family commonly known as the Trumpet Creeper, Jacaranda, blue Jacaranda, Black Poui, the Fern Tree, and Tarco, Bignonia or the Catalpa family that consist of about 120 genera and about 800 species. It has many bioactive constituents and diverse pharmacological activities such as cardiovascular, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, wound healing, hypotensive and many others. Allamanda cathartica L. belongs to apocynaceae family commonly recognized as Dogbane or Oleander family that consist of about 200 genera and 2,000 species. It is also therapeutically very important plant because of its numerous bioactive chemical constituents.

The aim of study was to evaluate plasma antioxidant status, protein content, glycemic level, lipid profiles and lipid peroxidation products in type 2 diabetic patients and any effect of gender on these biochemical parameters. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) levels, Antioxidants i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) and plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly higher in diabetic patients. Elevated glucose level, lipid profiles and peroxidation products indicating oxidative stress damage in diabetic patients. Antioxidants like SOD and CAT were enhanced in response to oxidative stress by hyperglycemia and thus to detoxify the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Here we focused on the epidemiology, late diabetic complications, association between diabetes mellitus and HCV infection and plasma protein profiling. Type 2 diabetes is most prevalent type and is more common in females. Above 70% diabetics had poor glycemic control along with one or more late diabetic complication(s) i.e. hypertensions, any grade of retinopathy and neuropathy. About 36.538% diabetic patients were reported to have HCV infection while in control group only 1.923% subjects were HCV positive by RT-PCR. Female diabetics have more risk to acquire HCV as compare to the male diabetic patients. Medical practices (hospitalization) play no role in nosocomial transmission of HCV in diabetic patients. Differences in the protein pattern were observed in low molecular weight proteins (5 to 35 kDa). Protein bands of 31kDa, 11kDa and 6.5kDa were missing in some diabetic HCV positive samples. Plasma protein profiling of diabetic patients by SDS-PAGE may be helpful to evaluate the disease state.