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Many changes are taking place in the public sector across Europe as emphasis is being placed on the efficient use of resources, the way that public organisations are managed and their relationship with clients and customers. Post-bureaucratic structures are being introduced and a more managerialist culture is being established. A new type of public servant is emerging - the public manager. This book consists of three theoretical chapters and nine case studies of public managers, which examine these changes amongst member states of the European Union. The concluding chapter identifies common trends and explains similarities and differences in terms of the constitutional, political, cultural and economic contexts.
This book focuses on one part of the judicial system: the criminal justice chain. This involves all the activities and actors dealing with policing, prosecution, judgment, and sanctioning of crimes. In the last decades, reforms have been implemented in several European countries. In Belgium, for example, there was the so-called Octopus reform in 1998. The police was restructured, leading to an integration of the police forces on a national and local level. New steering instruments were introduced, such as regional security plans. With regard to the sanctioning of crimes, a new institution was installed, called the sentence implementation court. This book evaluates these reforms and discusses the current reform on the reorganization of the judicial landscape. In addition, it examines the relation between trust and distrust and the application to the judicial system. It discusses the human capital aspect of the system, by means of a study on the prosopography of the Belgian magistrates that analyses the Magistracy as socio-professional group, and focuses on situations of system building, transformations under constraint (occupations), and transfers (colonial experience). Lastly, the book presents a comparative study of Belgium and France regarding the new techniques and instruments that are needed to accelerate the judicial response time and to ensure that the judicial system delivers its services on time.
This book is the result of the cooperation on a European level between both academics and civil servants active in this policy field. It wants to contribute to a more effective equality oriented personnel policy which takes into account recent policy insights and developments regarding gender, equality and personnel policy. Theoretical understandings are presented, as well as concrete instruments and case studies illustrating how governments in different countries (Belgium - on a federal and Flemish level -, the Netherlands, UK and Norway) are working towards an equality oriented personnel policy in practice. Although the book examines the specific situation of the public sector and gives examples of projects in government administrations, it is also of interest to other organizations.
Ethics and accountability have become important themes for modern government, as in most of the countries there is a severe crisis of legitimacy. Increasingly there is a feeling that performance management alone will not solve this crisis. Citizens also expect from politicians and public servants ethical responsible conduct. As to the ethics, however, there is a problem. Governance and new public management have raised new problems which cannot be solved by referring to the traditional bureaucratic ethics. Devolution and decentralisation processes have enhanced the responsibility of public servants. The increase of transparency and openness and the service orientation of public organisations have challenged the traditional values of discretion and equality before the rule. The growing interaction between the public and the private sector have raised the question of integrity. In light of these developments, it is important to update the ethical system, or reversibly, the traditional values of the public service can question some actual evolutions in government.
Motivation in Public Management: The Call of Public Service joins a
long-standing debate about what drives the behavior of government
employees and others who are engaged in the public's business. For
many centuries, public service was considered a noble calling and,
more recently, a profession. During the latter part of the 20th
century, however, many scholars called into question both the
reality and desirability of a public service ethic. This book draws
upon a substantial and growing body of evidence from across
disciplines in the social, behavioral, and natural sciences. It
asks and answers key questions about the extent to which behavior
is fundamentally self- or other-regarding.
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