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Written by experts from all over the world, the book comprises the
latest applications of mathematical and models in food engineering
and fermentation. It provides the fundamentals on statistical
methods to solve standard problems associated with food engineering
and fermentation technology. Combining theory with a practical,
hands-on approach, this book covers key aspects of food
engineering. Presenting cuttingedge information, the book is an
essential reference on the fundamental concepts associated with
food engineering.
This book provides up-to-date information on the state of the art
in applications of biotechnological and microbiological tools for
protecting the environment. Written by leading international
experts, it discusses potential applications of biotechnological
and microbiological techniques in solid waste management,
wastewater treatment, agriculture, energy and environmental health.
This second volume of book "Environmental Microbiology and
Biotechnology," covers two main topics: bioenergy and environmental
health, exploring the latest developments from around the globe
regarding applications of biotechnology and microbiology for
converting wastes into valuable products and at the same time
reducing the environmental pollution resulting from disposal.
Wherever possible it also includes real-world examples. Further, it
offers advice on which procedures should be followed to achieve
satisfactory results, and provides insights that will promote the
transition to the sustainable utilization of various waste
products.
This book provides up-to-date information on the state of the art
in applications of biotechnological and microbiological tools for
protecting the environment. Written by leading international
experts, it discusses potential applications of biotechnological
and microbiological techniques in solid waste management,
wastewater treatment, agriculture, energy and environmental health.
This first volume of the book "Environmental Microbiology and
Biotechnology," covers three main topics: Solid waste management,
Agriculture utilization and Water treatment technology, exploring
the latest developments from around the globe regarding
applications of biotechnology and microbiology for converting
wastes into valuable products and at the same time reducing the
environmental pollution resulting from disposal. Wherever possible
it also includes real-world examples. Further, it offers advice on
which procedures should be followed to achieve satisfactory
results, and provides insights that will promote the transition to
the sustainable utilization of various waste products.
This book provides up-to-date information on the state of the art
in applications of biotechnological and microbiological tools for
protecting the environment. Written by leading international
experts, it discusses potential applications of biotechnological
and microbiological techniques in solid waste management,
wastewater treatment, agriculture, energy and environmental health.
This second volume of book "Environmental Microbiology and
Biotechnology," covers two main topics: bioenergy and environmental
health, exploring the latest developments from around the globe
regarding applications of biotechnology and microbiology for
converting wastes into valuable products and at the same time
reducing the environmental pollution resulting from disposal.
Wherever possible it also includes real-world examples. Further, it
offers advice on which procedures should be followed to achieve
satisfactory results, and provides insights that will promote the
transition to the sustainable utilization of various waste
products.
Governments are setting challenging targets to increase the
production of energy and transport fuel from sustainable sources.
The emphasis is increasingly on renewable sources including wind,
solar, geothermal, biomass based biofuel, photovoltaics or energy
recovery from waste. What are the environmental consequences of
adopting these other sources? How do these various sources compare
to each other? Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources
tries to answer these questions based on the universally adopted
method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This book introduces the
concept and importance of LCA in the framework of renewable energy
sources and discusses the key issues in conducting their LCA. This
is followed by an in-depth discussion of LCA for some of the most
common bioenergy sources such as agricultural production systems
for biogas and bioethanol, biogas from grass, biodiesel from palm
oil, biodiesel from used cooking oil and animal fat, Jatropha
biodiesel, lignocellulosic bioethanol, ethanol from cassava and
sugarcane molasses, residential photovoltaic systems, wind energy,
microalgal biodiesel, biohydrogen and biomethane. Through real
examples, the versatility of LCA is well emphasized. Written by
experts all over the globe, the book is a cornucopia of information
on LCA of bioenergy systems and provides a platform for stimulation
of new ideas and thoughts. The book is targeted at practitioners of
LCA and will become a useful tool for researchers working on
different aspects of bioenergy.
Governments are setting challenging targets to increase the
production of energy and transport fuel from sustainable sources.
The emphasis is increasingly on renewable sources including wind,
solar, geothermal, biomass based biofuel, photovoltaics or energy
recovery from waste. What are the environmental consequences of
adopting these other sources? How do these various sources compare
to each other? Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources
tries to answer these questions based on the universally adopted
method of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This book introduces the
concept and importance of LCA in the framework of renewable energy
sources and discusses the key issues in conducting their LCA. This
is followed by an in-depth discussion of LCA for some of the most
common bioenergy sources such as agricultural production systems
for biogas and bioethanol, biogas from grass, biodiesel from palm
oil, biodiesel from used cooking oil and animal fat, Jatropha
biodiesel, lignocellulosic bioethanol, ethanol from cassava and
sugarcane molasses, residential photovoltaic systems, wind energy,
microalgal biodiesel, biohydrogen and biomethane. Through real
examples, the versatility of LCA is well emphasized. Written by
experts all over the globe, the book is a cornucopia of information
on LCA of bioenergy systems and provides a platform for stimulation
of new ideas and thoughts. The book is targeted at practitioners of
LCA and will become a useful tool for researchers working on
different aspects of bioenergy.
Written by experts from all over the world, the book comprises the
latest applications of mathematical and models in food engineering
and fermentation. It provides the fundamentals on statistical
methods to solve standard problems associated with food engineering
and fermentation technology. Combining theory with a practical,
hands-on approach, this book covers key aspects of food
engineering. Presenting cuttingedge information, the book is an
essential reference on the fundamental concepts associated with
food engineering.
Hot Forging is a manufacturing method that is applied to a wide
variety of high strength automotive components. To satisfy demands
of lower costs and shorter production time, it is essential to
monitor the forging process minutely. Advanced process modeling
combined with simulation is need of the hour. It leads to the
understanding of dynamic materials behavior of the process in a
quantitative way. The traditional build-and-test methods of
developing a complete manufacturing process are based on
experience. The part geometries are generally quite complex and the
simpler analytical methods could not handle the task of providing
accurate solutions to engineering problems. The numerical methods
such as general-purpose finite-element method (FEM) can easily
handle large deformation plasticity analysis. The simulation of hot
forging operation was carried out at a workpiece temperature of
1250 C and die temperature of 350 C. The optimum aspect ratio is
calculated for both types of stock namely, round corner square
(RCS) and round type."
The screen house experiments were conducted, taking two crop (viz.,
Zea mays as first crop and Brassica Juncea as subsequent crop), two
metal (Pb @ 180 mg kg-1 soil and Cr @ 20 mg kg-1 soil), Five
chelating agent (viz., CDTA, CA, DTPA, NTA @ 10 mmol kg-1 soil in
case of Zea mays and 3 mmol kg-1 soil in case of subsequent
Brassica juncea and FYM @ 3%) in the sewage sludge unamended and
amended (@ 3%) soil to evaluate the effects of chelating agents on
phytoextraction of these metals. The dry matter yield of roots of
Zea mays increased due to FYM and observed trend was
CDTACDTA>DTPA>CA>FYM whereas in case of Brassica juncea it
was NTA>CA>CDTA>
Pulp and paper mill ranking fifth among the major industries for
water pollution problem in India. Its liquid effluent often
discharged in natural habitat impairs the health of ground water,
crop & soil and thus poses serious threat to the environment.
The land treatment of effluent costs negligible, requires thorough
understanding of soil-plant- effluent interaction. In view of this,
present study aims to assess the role of land treatment in
pollution removal from pulp & paper mill effluent. Three soil
column heights viz: 20, 40 and 100 cm for two soil textures
ST1(normal soil) and ST2 (normal soil: sand:: 1:1) were taken for
the study. Significant reduction in pollutants was found, when
effluent was passed through normal soil of 100 cm column height. As
the column height reduced, pollutant removal also reduced. Growth
of wheat plant was maximum at 50% effluent irrigation at sand mixed
soil. Study revealed that 100 cm soil column height resulted best
pollutant removal that hampers ground water pollution as well. Thus
the land treatment could be profitably practiced in Tarai and
Bhawar region of Uttaranchal, where 1 metre thick soil layer is
often available.
Countries around the world are experiencing increased levels of air
pollution as a result of rapid increase in energy consumption and
motor vehicle uses, a product of rapid population and economic
growth. Agricultural lands adjacent to urban areas (peri- urban)
are increasingly exposed to air pollutants of urban origin, which
reduce the crop production. Crop production is highly dependent on
environmental conditions, among which air quality is an
anthropogenic factor. The air quality of the study site is under
threat because concentrations of NO2, SO2 and O3 increased in
successive years of observation. Air pollutant concentration
present in air has enough potential to cause damage to agricultural
crops (both cereal and pulse crops). An increment in fertilizer
dose, one and half times of recommended was most suitable to
overcome the damage caused due to air pollutants as it
significantly increased photosynthetic pigment, plant height,
biomass accumulation and yield of both the crop plants and
significantly reduced peroxidase activity and phenol content. On
individual nutrient basis nitrogen was most responsive to minimize
negative effects of air pollutants.
Economic and environmental aspects of energy use continue to hold
the attention of the industry as well as policy makers. Relative
energy prices are often used as a policy tool to influence energy
demand, inter-fuel substitution and energy efficiency, thus also
addressing climate change. This book presents an analysis of the
inter-fuel substitution in industrial sectors in India using
Translog cost functions. Energy use behaviour across industrial
sectors can be inferred from the estimated price and substitution
elasticities. This work is perhaps the first attempt to use a
unique disaggregated energy consumption data for over 1350
firms/plants across 14 industrial sectors. The analysis precedes a
review of literature and theoretical models. We estimate separate
models for the basket of energy purchased and that finally used in
the production process. The estimated price and substitution
elasticities are used to assess the impact of a change in energy
prices on energy demand and carbon emissions in 14 Indian
industries. An analysis of energy efficiency in the Indian cement
industry highlights the role of energy prices, choice of technology
and scale economies.
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