This book covers biotechnology and applications of diatoms including various applications like the use of diatom biogenic silica in drug delivery and their cultivation for wastewater remediation. It contains case studies in diatom biorefinery and provides information about the bioactive compounds, antioxidants, and lipids from diatoms. It also discusses the latest innovations in the genetic engineering of diatoms. Key Features - Discusses the applications of diatoms in drug delivery Covers the application and cultivation of diatoms for wastewater bioremediation Describes the innovations and gaps in genetic engineering of diatoms Throws light on the lipid content, antioxidant content, and various bioactives compounds present in diatoms Includes extraction technologies in diatoms The book is meant for academicians and microbiologists, biotechnologists, and marine biologists.

This reference book covers the ecological impact and biotechnological applications of diatoms. Diatoms contribute to forty percent of primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. They have a unique biomonitoring ability and sensitivity towards different pollutants in wastewater, thereby a tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. The book discusses the need for newer diatoms-based indices for wastewater quality analysis. It describes the nutraceutical value of the myriad compounds like omega 3 fatty acids-DHA, polysaccharides, phenols in diatoms. It also elaborates on the challenges in sustainable diatom biorefinery. This book is meant for microbiologists, biotechnologists, and marine biologists.

Allelopathic activity of Cyanobacteria has attracted the attention of researchers. A deep understanding of allelopathy can answer the successions of cyanobacteria in natural habitat.There is a global concern regarding increased harmful algal blooms and allelopathy can be a possible factor in the dominance of toxin-production by cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria are producers of diverse range of allelochemicals. The active compounds are seen as environment-friendly herbicides or biocontrol agents that might have a potential commercial significance. Allelopathy is an unique adaptation to achieve a competitive advantage over other organism inhabiting the same microbial community. Exploring allelopathic potential of cyanobacteria can open new avenues in the field of pharmaceutical biotechnology as these microbes can offer promising solutions in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microbes.

Excessive growth of cyanobacteria leads to blooms. These blooms severely affect the aquatic ecosystem. This work describes the utilization of these bloom forming Cyanobacteria as potential sources of antibacterial agents. Antibacterial activity is the antagonistic effect exerted by the microbes on other living species. Cyanobacteria have a tendency to produce secondary metabolites which prevent the growth of bacteria.The antibacterial property of these microbes is due to their excellent acumen to produce secondary metabolites which prevent the growth of bacteria. The inhibition of the bacterial growth is by interfering with the protein synthesis, retarding the metabolism and rupturing the cell wall of bacteria. In this study, we have explored the antibacterial potential of two bloom forming cyanobacteria Anabaena variabilis and Synechococcus elongates against clinically isolated human pathogenic gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterococcus sp., Klebsiella sp. Exploring Cyanobacteria for antibacterial property can help us in their application as antimicrobial drug and thus prevent the various problems related to drug resistance and side effects of present day drugs.

Relationship in between inflammation and cancer are not new as I have already discussed factors responsible for inflammation may take part in cancer development (Karley et al., 2011) but when we deliberate specific factor we did not get the piece of evidence. On the other hand findings of these experiment suggest that in the development of renal cell carcinoma TLR4 did not play any direct role, alternatively Akt phosphorylation suggest there are certain other probable factor which may possibly alter the expression level.

A satellite communication channel is generally power limited and this is particularly pertinent for VSAT systems where the small antenna places further constraints on exploitation of signal power in the link signal power requirements can be reduced while maintaining the name level of service coding techniques allows this is to be achieved by mathematically encoding of data before transmission such that, its some bits are received in error by the demodulation decoder may still be able to construct perfectly the transmitted data. The use of coding required the transmission of extra bits in satellite communication channel but this increase in bandwidth is associated with significant drop in power required to maintain the same standard of service in terms of bit error rate (BER) In asymmetric channel such as Internet data network, volume of data traffic in one direction in larger than in other direction. The advantage of relatively lower traffic in one direction can be taken for using selectable forward error correction (FEC) coders or optimize the communication system performance.

Diabetes is a worldwide pathology, characterized by a group of syndromes associated with very high levels of blood sugar. Pancreatic -cell maintains the blood glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin. The rise in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration due to extracellular Ca2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is the major trigger which stimulates insulin release and acts as a key regulator for insulin secretion. Ascorbic acid, the most common antioxidant shares structural similarity with glucose and have evidences that supplementation of ascorbic acid relieved various complications of diabetes. MIN6 (Mouse Insulinoma cell line) has been widely used as a -cell specific cell line which shows glucose stimulated insulin secretion qualitatively and quantitatively similar to normal -cells. This study specifically focused on the role of extracellular calcium and ascorbic acid individually as well as in association with each other in repairing, reactivation and rejuvenation of diabetic MIN6 cells first time. This effort sets up a ground work which can be further explored at molecular level and clinical trials, which will be helpful in therapeutics for type II diabetes in future."

Jatropha curcas is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is native to the American tropics, most likely Mexico and Central America. It is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, becoming naturalized in some areas. The specific epithet, "curcas," was first used by Portuguese doctor Garcia de Orta more than 400 years ago and is of uncertain origin. Common names include Barbados Nut, Purging Nut, Physic Nut. The oil is mainly used as biodiesel for energy. The cake can be used for fish or animal feed (if detoxified), biomass feedstock to power electricity plants, or as biogas or high-quality organic fertilizer. It can also be used as a bio-pesticide and for medicinal purposes . When crushed, the resulting oil from the seeds can be processed to produce a high-quality biodiesel that can be used in a standard diesel engine. RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA BHOPAL INDIA develope a pilot plant for CO2 capture and production of useful multipurpose fuel like Hydrogen, Methane and Algae growth, Jatropha plantation for Bio diesel production in the Energy park.

Cyanotoxins pose great risk to human health, livestock, aquatic flora and fauna. The green mat formed on water by the bloom forming cyanobacteria is ubiquitous, but not everyone knows the ground reality behind these blooms. There is wide range of toxins secreted by bloom forming cyanobacteria. The cyanobacterial toxins are hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, dermatotoxic and some toxins have significant potential for stimulating tumour growth. These harmful toxins are stored in the cells and soon are released in water after the cells rupture. This is an area where our knowledge is so limited and so much remains to be explored. This book gives insight of the various aspects associated with cyanotoxins. Environmental pollution stimulates the formation of harmful algal blooms resulting in production of toxic cyanotoxins, so it needs to be controlled. Awareness among people is to be aroused regarding the fatal effects of these cyanotoxins. Understanding cyanotoxins and proper management of water resources will result in safe water sources for consumption as well as recreation.