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The demands of producing high quality, pathogen-free food rely
increasingly on natural sources of antimicrobials to inhibit food
spoilage organisms, foodborne pathogens, and toxins. The recent
developments and innovations of new antimicrobials from natural
sources for a wide range of applications requires that knowledge of
traditional sources for food antimicrobials is combined with the
latest technologies in identification, characterization, and
applications. This book explores around novel, natural sources of
antimicrobials as well as the latest developments in using
well-known antimicrobials in food. Covering antimicrobials derived
from microbial sources, animal-derived products, plants, and value
added-products. This book includes the development and use of
natural antimicrobials for processed and fresh food products. New
and emerging technologies concerning antimicrobials are also
discussed. This book deliberates recent developments and
innovations in food technology in combating infectious diseases and
explores advances in antimicrobial constituents and their
applications in the fight against microbes. In addition, it also
provides a variety of photographs, diagrams, and tables to help
illustrate the material. The novel strategies to combat
antimicrobial resistance are also described, emphasizing
collaborative measures of control. Advanced topics in the volume
include food processing, food security, preservation, nutritional
analysis, quality control, and maintenance as well as good
manufacturing practices in the food industries. Students, research
scientists, academicians and policy makers can benefit from Current
Trends in Antimicrobial Research: Antimicrobial and Food Technology
as a resource that addresses microbial biotechnology, food
microbiology, fermentation technology, ethnopharmacology,
toxicology, microbial/medicinal plant products, and all disciplines
related to antimicrobial research. Features of the book: Covers all
food antimicrobials, natural and synthetic, with the up-to-date
research on each type Recent references on every conceivable food
antimicrobial Describes recent laws and regulatory guidelines in
the selection of appropriate additives for specific food products
Includes innovations in natural antimicrobial value-added products
Offers current and future applications of emergent antimicrobial
technologies the use of multifactorial food preservation with
antimicrobials Details methods to improve antimicrobial properties
to have a longer service life in combating infection
1. Focuses on these newly available antibacterial, their mechanism
of actions, resistance, and spectrum of activities 2. Useful for
Biologists, Bioengineers, Biochemist, Biotechnologists,
Microbiologists, Food technologists, Enzymologists 3. Discusses new
unexploited targets and strategies for the next generation of
antimicrobial drugs for combating the drug resistance and emerging
pathogens
The importance of fungal infections in both human and animals has
increased over the last few decades. This book presents an overview
of the different categories of fungal infections that can be
encountered in animals (including lower vertebrates) originating
from environmental sources with or without transmission to humans.
In addition, the endemic infections with indirect transmission from
the environment, the zoophilic fungal pathogens with near-direct
transmission, the zoonotic fungi that can be directly transmitted
from animals to humans, mycotoxicoses and antifungal resistance in
animals will also be discussed. This book includes case studies and
reviews the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of fungal
attraction, recognition, infection, extracellular hydrolytic
enzymes and pathogenesis of nematophagous fungi. The book also
covers diagnostics, fungal formulations, as well as prevention
methods. It discusses strategies to access the fungal pathogen
groups, metagenomic analyses, genomics, secretomics, metabolomics,
proteomics and transcriptomics. In addition, pathogen description,
understanding, distribution and recent research results are
provided.
The importance of fungal infections in both human and animals has
increased over the last few decades. This book presents an overview
of the different categories of fungal infections that can be
encountered in animals (including lower vertebrates) originating
from environmental sources with or without transmission to humans.
In addition, the endemic infections with indirect transmission from
the environment, the zoophilic fungal pathogens with near-direct
transmission, the zoonotic fungi that can be directly transmitted
from animals to humans, mycotoxicoses and antifungal resistance in
animals will also be discussed. This book includes case studies and
reviews the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of fungal
attraction, recognition, infection, extracellular hydrolytic
enzymes and pathogenesis of nematophagous fungi. The book also
covers diagnostics, fungal formulations, as well as prevention
methods. It discusses strategies to access the fungal pathogen
groups, metagenomic analyses, genomics, secretomics, metabolomics,
proteomics and transcriptomics. In addition, pathogen description,
understanding, distribution and recent research results are
provided.
Fungal growths affect both human and animal well-being. Many
natural pathogens of laboratory animals alter host physiology,
rendering the host unsuitable for experimental uses. While the
number and prevalence of few pathogens have declined considerably,
many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted
variables in research. Investigators using laboratory animals in
biomedical experimentation should be aware of the profound effects
that many of these agents can have on research. What does the
future hold regarding the natural pathogens of laboratory animals?
The selection of an animal model must carefully address issues of
the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow, and
the collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions
being asked. Overall, animal models of fungal infection will
continue to deepen our understanding of how these infections occur.
This book provides a valuable source of information to biological
and biomedical scientists and to clinical and doctoral researchers
working in the area of fungal infections and diseases of laboratory
animal species.
White biotechnology, or industrial biotechnology as it is also
known, refers to the use of living cells and/or their enzymes to
create industrial products that are more easily degradable, require
less energy, create less waste during production and sometimes
perform better than products created using traditional chemical
processes. Over the last decade considerable progress has been made
in white biotechnology research, and further major scientific and
technological breakthroughs are expected in the future. Fungi are
ubiquitous in nature and have been sorted out from different
habitats, including extreme environments (high temperature, low
temperature, salinity and pH), and may be associated with plants
(epiphytic, endophytic and rhizospheric). The fungal strains are
beneficial as well as harmful for human beings. The beneficial
fungal strains may play important roles in the agricultural,
industrial, and medical sectors. The fungal strains and their
products (enzymes, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites)
are very useful for industry (e.g., the discovery of penicillin
from Penicillium chrysogenum). This discovery was a milestone in
the development of white biotechnology as the industrial production
of penicillin and antibiotics using fungi moved industrial
biotechnology into the modern era, transforming it into a global
industrial technology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily
developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors,
providing both high value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical
products. The fungal strains and bioactive compounds also play an
important role in environmental cleaning. This volume covers the
latest developments and research in white biotechnology with a
focus on diversity and enzymes.
Over the last decade considerable progress has been made in white
biotechnology research and further major scientific and
technological breakthroughs are expected in the future. The first
large-scale industrial applications of modern biotechnology have
been in the areas of food and animal feed production
(agricultural/green biotechnology) and in pharmaceuticals
(medical/red biotechnology). In contrast, the productions of
bioactive compounds through fermentation or enzymatic conversion
are known as industrial or white biotchnology. The fungi are
ubiquitous in nature and have been sorted out from different
habitats, including extreme environments (high temperature, low
temperature, salinity and pH); and associated with plants
(Epiphytic, Endophytic and Rhizospheric). The fungal strains are
beneficial as well as harmful for human beings. The beneficial
fungal strains may play important roles in the agricultural,
industrial, and medical sectors. The fungal strains and its product
(enzymes, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites) are very
useful for industry (e.g., the discovery of penicillin from
Penicillium chrysogenum). This discovery was a milestone in the
development of white biotechnology as the industrial production of
penicillin and antibiotics using fungi moved industrial
biotechnology into the modern era, transforming it into a global
industrial technology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily
developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors
providing both high value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical
products. The fungal strains and bioactive compounds also play an
important role in environmental cleaning. This volume covers the
latest research developments related to value-added products in
white biotechnology through fungi.
Fungal growths affect both human and animal well-being. Many
natural pathogens of laboratory animals alter host physiology,
rendering the host unsuitable for experimental uses. While the
number and prevalence of few pathogens have declined considerably,
many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted
variables in research. Investigators using laboratory animals in
biomedical experimentation should be aware of the profound effects
that many of these agents can have on research. What does the
future hold regarding the natural pathogens of laboratory animals?
The selection of an animal model must carefully address issues of
the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow, and
the collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions
being asked. Overall, animal models of fungal infection will
continue to deepen our understanding of how these infections occur.
This book provides a valuable source of information to biological
and biomedical scientists and to clinical and doctoral researchers
working in the area of fungal infections and diseases of laboratory
animal species.
Over the last decade considerable progress has been made in white
biotechnology research and further major scientific and
technological breakthroughs are expected in the future. The first
large-scale industrial applications of modern biotechnology have
been in the areas of food and animal feed production
(agricultural/green biotechnology) and in pharmaceuticals
(medical/red biotechnology). In contrast, the productions of
bioactive compounds through fermentation or enzymatic conversion
are known as industrial or white biotchnology. The fungi are
ubiquitous in nature and have been sorted out from different
habitats, including extreme environments (high temperature, low
temperature, salinity and pH); and associated with plants
(Epiphytic, Endophytic and Rhizospheric). The fungal strains are
beneficial as well as harmful for human beings. The beneficial
fungal strains may play important roles in the agricultural,
industrial, and medical sectors. The fungal strains and its product
(enzymes, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites) are very
useful for industry (e.g., the discovery of penicillin from
Penicillium chrysogenum). This discovery was a milestone in the
development of white biotechnology as the industrial production of
penicillin and antibiotics using fungi moved industrial
biotechnology into the modern era, transforming it into a global
industrial technology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily
developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors
providing both high value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical
products. The fungal strains and bioactive compounds also play an
important role in environmental cleaning. This volume covers the
latest research developments related to value-added products in
white biotechnology through fungi.
White biotechnology is industrial biotechnology dealing with
various biotech products through applications of microbes. The main
application of white biotechnology is commercial production of
various useful organic substances, such as acetic acid, citric
acid, acetone, glycerine, etc., and antibiotics like penicillin,
streptomycin, mitomycin, etc., and value added product through the
use of microorganisms especially fungi and bacteria. The
value-added products included bioactive compounds, secondary
metabolites, pigments and industrially important enzymes for
potential applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine
and allied sectors for human welfare. In the 21st century,
techniques were developed to harness fungi to protect human health
(through antibiotics, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive agents,
value-added products etc.), which led to industrial scale
production of enzymes, alkaloids, detergents, acids,
biosurfactants. The first large-scale industrial applications of
modern biotechnology have been made in the areas of food and animal
feed production (agricultural/green biotechnology) and
pharmaceuticals (medical/red biotechnology). In contrast, the
production of bio-active compounds through fermentation or
enzymatic conversion is known industrial or white biotechnology.
The beneficial fungal strains may play important role in
agriculture, industry and the medical sectors. The beneficial fungi
play a significance role in plant growth promotion, and soil
fertility using both, direct (solubilization of phosphorus,
potassium and zinc; production of indole acetic acid, gibberellic
acid, cytokinin and siderophores) and indirect (production of
hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanides and
antibiotics) mechanisms of plant growth promotion for sustainable
agriculture. The fungal strains and their products (enzymes,
bio-active compounds and secondary metabolites) are very useful for
industry. The discovery of antibiotics is a milestone in the
development of white biotechnology. Since then, white biotechnology
has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several
industrial sectors, providing both high valued nutraceuticals and
pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bio-active
compounds also play important role in the environmental cleaning.
This volume covers the latest research developments related to
value-added products in white biotechnology through fungi.
This book discusses various renewable energy resources and
technologies. Topics covered include recent advances in
photobioreactor design; microalgal biomass harvesting, drying, and
processing; and technological advances and optimised production
systems as prerequisites for achieving a positive energy balance.
It highlights alternative resources that can be used to replace
fossil fuels, such as algal biofuels, biodiesel, bioethanol, and
biohydrogen. Further, it reviews microbial technologies, discusses
an immobilization method, and highlights the efficiency of enzymes
as a key factor in biofuel production. In closing, the book
outlines future research directions to increase oil yields in
microalgae, which could create new opportunities for lipid-based
biofuels, and provides an outlook on the future of global biofuel
production. Given its scope, the book will appeal to all
researchers and engineers working in the renewable energy sector.
For systemic delivery, the oral route has been the preferred route
of administration for many systemic actively drugs. When
administered by the oral route, however, many therapeutic agents
have been reportedly subjected to extensive presystemic elimination
by gastrointestinal degradation and/or hepatic metabolism. Results
of low systemic bioavailability, short duration of therapeutic
activity, and/or formation of toxic and inactive metabolite. The
unique environment of the oral cavity offers its potential as a
site for drug delivery. Because of rich blood supply and direct
access to systemic circulation, the oral mucosal route is suitable
for drugs, which are susceptible to acid hydrolysis in the stomach
or which are extensively metabolized in the liver.
This piece of work was commence as entitled, "Genetic profiles of
Mastomys Mastomys (Praomys) coucha] based on RAPD and cross species
rat microsatellite loci and development of new microsatellite
primers." In graduate research, genetic profiling of laboratory
animals, using modern applied molecular biological
approaches/tools, was developed to establish genetic monitoring of
laboratory animals and plant system. Similar approaches have been
used and will be highly useful in the fields of biology, concise
up-to-date reference for health professionals, scientific basis for
law-enforcement and attorneys interested in using molecular
biology. My background and expertise will be highly useful for the
mission of your program. I am confident that I shall quickly
understand research direction and will become a great team player
in achieving goals/mission of your program.
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