White biotechnology is industrial biotechnology dealing with
various biotech products through applications of microbes. The main
application of white biotechnology is commercial production of
various useful organic substances, such as acetic acid, citric
acid, acetone, glycerine, etc., and antibiotics like penicillin,
streptomycin, mitomycin, etc., and value added product through the
use of microorganisms especially fungi and bacteria. The
value-added products included bioactive compounds, secondary
metabolites, pigments and industrially important enzymes for
potential applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine
and allied sectors for human welfare. In the 21st century,
techniques were developed to harness fungi to protect human health
(through antibiotics, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive agents,
value-added products etc.), which led to industrial scale
production of enzymes, alkaloids, detergents, acids,
biosurfactants. The first large-scale industrial applications of
modern biotechnology have been made in the areas of food and animal
feed production (agricultural/green biotechnology) and
pharmaceuticals (medical/red biotechnology). In contrast, the
production of bio-active compounds through fermentation or
enzymatic conversion is known industrial or white biotechnology.
The beneficial fungal strains may play important role in
agriculture, industry and the medical sectors. The beneficial fungi
play a significance role in plant growth promotion, and soil
fertility using both, direct (solubilization of phosphorus,
potassium and zinc; production of indole acetic acid, gibberellic
acid, cytokinin and siderophores) and indirect (production of
hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanides and
antibiotics) mechanisms of plant growth promotion for sustainable
agriculture. The fungal strains and their products (enzymes,
bio-active compounds and secondary metabolites) are very useful for
industry. The discovery of antibiotics is a milestone in the
development of white biotechnology. Since then, white biotechnology
has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several
industrial sectors, providing both high valued nutraceuticals and
pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bio-active
compounds also play important role in the environmental cleaning.
This volume covers the latest research developments related to
value-added products in white biotechnology through fungi.
General
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