Life-Cycle Assessment of Biorefineries, the sixth and last book in the series on biomass-biorefineries discusses the unprecedented growth and development in the emerging concept of a global bio-based economy in which biomass-based biorefineries have attained center stage for the production of fuels and chemicals. It is envisaged that by 2020 a majority of chemicals currently being produced through a chemical route will be produced via a bio-based route. Agro-industrial residues, municipal solid wastes, and forestry wastes have been considered as the most significant feedstocks for such bio-refineries. However, for the techno-economic success of such biorefineries, it is of prime and utmost importance to understand their lifecycle assessment for various aspects.

This book is a unique resource for state-of-the-art research findings on biotechnological innovations in the area of industrial and therapeutic enzymes, and special-function and extreme-nature enzymes such as ribozymes, therozymes, cold-adapted enzymes, etc, covering all aspects such as the producing micro-organisms, their mode of cultivation, downstream processing and applications. It provides a great deal of information on potential of enzymes for their commercial exploitation. This book gives up-to-date information on advances in enzyme research useful to both the expert and researchers entering the field as well. The vital information has been organized in an easy-to-use format that lets readers become familiar with highlights of the most relevant topics and includes photographs, figures, and tables.

This book provides in-depth information on basic and applied aspects of biofuels production from algae. It begins with an introduction to the topic, and follows with the basic scientific aspects of algal cultivation and its use for biofuels production, such as photo bioreactor engineering for microalgae production, open culture systems for biomass production and the economics of biomass production. It provides state-of-the-art information on synthetic biology approaches for algae suitable for biofuels production, followed by algal biomass harvesting, algal oils as fuels, biohydrogen production from algae, formation/production of co-products, and more. The book also covers topics such as metabolic engineering and molecular biology for algae for fuel production, life cycle assessment and scale-up and commercialization. It is highly useful and helps you to plan new research and design new economically viable processes for the production of clean fuels from algae.
Covers in a comprehensive but concise way most of the algae biomass conversion technologies currently availableLists all the products produced from algae, i.e. biohydrogen, fuel oils, etc., their properties and potential usesIncludes the economics of the various processes and the necessary steps for scaling them up

This book is intended to serve as a compendium on the state-of-the-art research in the field of locomotives and rail road transport. The book includes chapters on different aspects of the subject from renowned international experts in the field. The book looks closely at diesel engine locomotives and examines performance, emissions, and environmental impact. The core topics have been categorised into four groups: general topics, efficiency improvement and noise reduction, alternate fuels for locomotive traction, and locomotive emission reduction and measurement. The book offers an excellent, cutting-edge resource for researchers working in this area. The book will also be of use to professionals and policymakers interested in locomotive engine technologies and emission standards.

This book presents the state-of-the-art in the area of water remediation. It covers topics such as decentralized ecological wastewater treatment, applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) in water quality monitoring and remediation, water remediation through nanotechnology, and processes used in water purification. The contents of this volume will prove useful to researchers, students, and policy makers alike.

Prevent agricultural loss with natural disease controls that don't harm the environment--or the people who live in it Despite the worldwide use of chemicals and pesticides to control the devastating effects of plant disease, the international agribusiness market still suffers extensive economic losses each year. Biological Control of Plant Diseases offers natural alternatives to the synthetic fungicides, pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides that have not only failed to stop pests and pathogens, but have raised serious safety and environmental concerns. The world's leading plant pathologists examine the use of antagonistic microorganisms, inherent resistance, and natural fungicides for plant protection that's safe, economical, and effective. Biological Control of Plant Diseases presents up-to-date research findings on disease management to provide you with a single-source reference text for developing a sustainable ecosystem that doesn't depend on harmful and unhealthy agrochemicals. This unique book acts as a catalyst for change, presenting fresh ideas and innovative strategies for finding meaningful solutions to the problems of disease control. Contributors working in the areas of plant protection, microbiology, plant pathology, biotechnology, ecology, and food safety examine topics that include the application of plant tissue culture, competitive root colonization, mycorrhiza in biocontrol, microbial siderophores, antagonism, and genetic regulation. Topics addressed in Biological Control of Plant Diseases include: soil-borne pathogens rhizobacteria organic acids white rot Trichoderma and Agrobacterium phyllosphere manure-based microbes gray mold disease major fungal diseases mycoparasitism microbial chitinases and much moreBiological Control of Plant Diseases is an invaluable reference resource for extension scientists and academics working in botany, biology, entomology, ecology, agriculture, horticulture, plant pathology, and the environmental sciences.

This book presents an integrated approach to sustainably fulfilling energy requirements, considering various energy-usage sectors and applicable technologies in those sectors. It discusses smart cities, focusing on the design of urban transport systems and sources of energy for mobility. It also shares thoughts on individual consumption for ensuring the sustainability of energy resources and technologies for emission reductions for both mobility and stationary applications. For the latter, it examines case studies related to energy consumption in the manufacturing sector as well as domestic energy requirements. In addition it explores various distribution and policy aspects related to the power sector and sources of energy such as coal and biomass. This book will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike.

This book comprises research studies of novel work on combustion for sustainable energy development. It offers an insight into a few viable novel technologies for improved, efficient and sustainable utilization of combustion-based energy production using both fossil and bio fuels. Special emphasis is placed on micro-scale combustion systems that offer new challenges and opportunities. The book is divided into five sections, with chapters from 3-4 leading experts forming the core of each section. The book should prove useful to a variety of readers, including students, researchers, and professionals.

The practice of biotechnology, though different in style, scale and substance in globalizing science for development involves all countries. Investment in biotechnology in the industrialised, the developing, and the least developed countries, is now amongst the widely accepted avenues being used for economie development. The simple utilization of kefir technology, the detoxification of injurious chemical pesticides e.g. parathion, the genetic tailoring of new crops, and the production of a first of a kind of biopharmaceuticals illustrate the global scope and content of biotechnology research endeavour and effort. In the developing and least developed nations, and in which the 9 most populous countries. are encountered, problems concerning management of the environment, food security, conservation of human health resources and capacity building are important factors that influence the path to sustainable development. Long-term use of biotechnology in the agricultural, food, energy and health sectors is expected to yield a windfall of economic, environmental and social benefits. Already the prototypes of new medicines and of prescription fruit vaccines are available. Gene based agriculture and medieine is increasingly being adopted and accepted. Emerging trends and practices are reflected in the designing of more efficient bioprocesses, and in new research in enzyme and fermentation technology, in the bioconversion of agro industrial residues into bio-utility products, in animal healthcare, and in the bioremediation and medical biotechnologies. Indeed, with each new day, new horizons in biotechnology beckon."

Over the period of last two decades, there has been significant resurgence in solid-state fermentation due to the numerous benefits it offers, especially in the engineering and environmental aspects. SSF has shown much promise in the development of several bioprocesses and products. This resurgence gained further momentum during the last 5-6 years with the developments in fundamental and applied aspects. A good deal of information has been generated in published literature and patented information. Several commercial ventures have come up based on SSF in different parts of the world.

The contents are organized into four parts: Part 1 deals with the General and Fundamentals aspects of SSF; Part 2 deals with the production of bulk chemicals and products such as enzymes, organic acids, spores and mushrooms in SSF; Part 3 is on the use of SSF for specialty chemicals such as gibberellic acid, antibiotics and other pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites, pigments, and aroma compounds; Part 4 deals with the use of SSF miscellaneous application such as SSF for food and feed applications, agro-industrial residues as substrates in SSF and the production of silage and vermicompost.

This reference book provides updated information on the production and industrial significance of bacterial cellulose. Bacterial cellulose is a natural fiber produced by certain microbes, mainly bacteria which belong to the Acetobacter genera. The book discusses its applications in different industrial sectors like food, pharmaceutical, energy and wastewater treatment. It covers the production of cellulose from conventional and renewable feedstocks. It includes topics like downstream processing, characterization, and chemical modification of bacterial cellulose. Key features- Addresses the challenge on the production technologies of bacterial cellulose up to pilot-scale Discusses cost-effective, green processes using agri-processing residues and medium formulation Includes efficient preparation of nano-composite using in vitro and in vivo methods Provides latest applications of bacterial cellulose in food and pharmaceuticals fields Reviews the production of bacterial from conventional feedstocks like sugars and starches This book is meant for industry experts and researchers of applied microbiology, bioprocesses, and industrial microbiology.

This book covers pharmaceutical residue dispersion in the aquatic environment and its toxic effect on living organisms. It discusses conventional and advanced remediation technologies like the use of biomaterials for the sequestration of contaminants, nanotechnology, and phytoremediation. The book includes topics like the removal of pharmaceutical and personal care product residues from water bodies, green chemistry, and legal regimen for pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. it also covers the application of modified biochar in pharmaceutical removal. Key Features:• Explores the management of environment through green chemistry • Describes phytoremediation technology for decontamination of pharmaceuticals laden water and wastewater • Covers the detection methods and quantification of pharmaceutical residues in various contaminated sources • Discusses ecotoxicological aspects and risk assessment of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environment • Reviews degradation and treatment technologies including nanotechnology, biomaterials, biochar The book is meant for pharmaceutical, toxicology, and environmental science industry experts and researchers.

This reference book provides updated information about the technological advancement in sustainable thermochemical bioprocessing of sewage sludge disposal and resource recovery. It discusses the innovative strategies of resource recovery for the formulation of feedstock, clean compost production, and safe application. The book traces the main chemical and biological properties of sewage sludge and covers biostabilization, detoxification, the role of microorganisms in sewage sludge management, and the sustainable use of sewage sludge from a circular economy perspective. Key Features: Discusses organic waste disposal and recycling Covers knowledge transfer from waste bioprocessing to commercially important end products Includes industrial application of biological and thermochemical sewage sludge treatment toward emerging nutrient recovery technologies Reviews the function and applications of microorganisms in sewage sludge treatment Describes the application of sewage sludge as fertilizers in agriculture It is meant for researchers and industry experts in environmental sciences, biochemical engineering, and biotechnology.

This book covers biotechnology and applications of diatoms including various applications like the use of diatom biogenic silica in drug delivery and their cultivation for wastewater remediation. It contains case studies in diatom biorefinery and provides information about the bioactive compounds, antioxidants, and lipids from diatoms. It also discusses the latest innovations in the genetic engineering of diatoms. Key Features - Discusses the applications of diatoms in drug delivery Covers the application and cultivation of diatoms for wastewater bioremediation Describes the innovations and gaps in genetic engineering of diatoms Throws light on the lipid content, antioxidant content, and various bioactives compounds present in diatoms Includes extraction technologies in diatoms The book is meant for academicians and microbiologists, biotechnologists, and marine biologists.

This reference book covers the ecological impact and biotechnological applications of diatoms. Diatoms contribute to forty percent of primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems. They have a unique biomonitoring ability and sensitivity towards different pollutants in wastewater, thereby a tool for ecotoxicological monitoring. The book discusses the need for newer diatoms-based indices for wastewater quality analysis. It describes the nutraceutical value of the myriad compounds like omega 3 fatty acids-DHA, polysaccharides, phenols in diatoms. It also elaborates on the challenges in sustainable diatom biorefinery. This book is meant for microbiologists, biotechnologists, and marine biologists.

This reference book compiles up-to-date research about the threat and management of pharmaceutical residue dispersion in the aquatic environment. It explores the risk analysis and short- and long-term health issues created due to the ingestion of pharmaceutical-contaminated food products and drinking water. The book focuses on the methods of removal and degradation processes of pharmaceutical residues from contaminated sources. It emphasizes the importance of eco-friendly and advanced treatment technology for the sustainable management of wastewater and drinking water supply. The book is meant for industry experts and researchers in pharmaceutical science, toxicology, and environmental sciences.

This valuable reference book covers the application of marine resources like algae, fishes, and shrimp to address food challenges of the world. It compiles technological advancements in employing these resources for food and food supplements to enhance human health. The book includes chapters from international experts. The book discusses interesting topics like exploitation of marine wastes as nutraceuticals, cultivation, processing, and production of seafood and includes a section on other applications of marine organisms, such as the removal of pollutants from wastewater. This book is meant for graduate students and researchers in food science. It is also useful to experts in the food industry.

This up-to-date reference book compiles the recent developments, innovations, and perspectives on second and third-generation bioplastics. It discusses the main commercialized bioplastics, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Chapters include the use of alternative raw materials and innovations in bioplastic production processes to reduce costs and decrease environmental impacts. It covers bioplastic production from lignocellulosic biomass, sugars, or oils produced by microbes and municipal waste material. It also includes techno-economic aspects. The book is meant for researchers and industry experts in biotechnology, environmental sciences, and applied microbiology.

Key Features: 1. Presents unconventional waste treatment to increase biotic resource efficiency as against standard crop and forestry residues 2. Focuses on promoting sustainability concept within different kinds of waste biorefinery 3. Discusses various systems like microalgal, poultry and microbial refineries 4. Includes techno-economic analysis for waste streams in biofuel production 5. Covers topics like sewer mining, gas fermentation and food waste management

This research monograph presents both fundamental science and applied innovations on several key and emerging technologies involving fossil and alternate fuel utilization in power and transport sectors from renowned experts in the field. Some of the topics covered include: autoignition in laminar and turbulent nonpremixed flames; Langevin simulation of turbulent combustion; lean blowout (LBO) prediction through symbolic time series analysis; lasers and optical diagnostics for next generation IC engine development; exergy destruction study on small DI diesel engine; and gasoline direct injection. The book includes a chapter on carbon sequestration and optimization of enhanced oil and gas recovery. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals working on all aspects on combustion.

This book provides general information, basic data and knowledge on one of the most promising renewable energy sources, i.e. biomass for its thermo-chemical conversion. During the last few years, there has been increasing focus on developing the processes and technologies for the conversion of biomass to liquid and gaseous fuels and chemicals, in particular to develop low-cost technologies. The book would provide most up-dated information and technological perspective on the topic and will be useful for the general readers, policy planners, science managers to gain the knowledge and advancement of information on the subject matter.

This book provides date-based scientific information on the most advanced and innovative processing of biomass as well as the process development elements on thermo-chemical processing of biomass for the production of biofuels and bio-products on (biomass-based biorefinery). The conversion of biomass to biofuels and other value-added products on the principle biorefinery offers potential from technological perspectives as alternate energy. Considering this, the book covers with a wide variety of topics on the thermo-chemical conversion of biomass. The book covers intensive R&D and technological developments done during the last few years in the area of renewable energy utilizing biomass as feedstock and will be highly beneficial for the researchers, scientists and engineers working in the area of biomass-biofuels- biorefinery.

Provides information on the most advanced and innovative thermo-chemical conversion technology for biomass

Useful as reference book

Provides information on large scales such as thermo-chemical biorefinery

Useful for researchers intending to study scale-up

Provides information on integration of process and technology on thermo-chemical conversion of biomass

Useful for researchers and industry

A book designed as a text book not merely a collection of research articles

Useful as text book for graduate students and reference book for researchers

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Foundations of Biotechnology and Bioengineering is a package of nine books that compile the latest ideas from across the entire arena of biotechnology and bioengineering. This volume focuses on the underlying principles of biochemistry, microbiology, fermentation technology, and chemical engineering as interdisciplinary themes, constructing the foundation of biotechnology and bioengineering.

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Functional Genomics and Metabolic Engineering provides extensive coverage of new developments, state-of-the-art technologies, and potential future trends in the field, compiling the latest ideas from across the entire arena of biotechnology and bioengineering. This volume provides data-based scientific knowledge and state-of-art information on functional genomics and metabolic engineering. It covers the core subjects of functional genomics, such as epigenomics, metagenomics, genomics of extremophiles, genomics studies in nutrient transport, genomics of miRNA, and genomics of pathogenesis. An overview of metabolic engineering theories and approaches is supported with specific important examples of secondary metabolites, including Streptomyces, pentose utilization in E. coli, bacterial ethanol fermentation, yeast mediated benzaldehyde biotransformation, carotenoid production, acetic acid production by E. coli, and NADH regeneration.

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Food and Beverages Industry provides extensive coverage of new developments, state-of-the-art technologies, and potential future trends compiled from the latest ideas across the entire arena of biotechnology and bioengineering. This volume reviews current developments in the application of food biotechnology and engineering for food and beverage production. As there have been significant advances in the areas of food fermentation, processing, and beverage production, this title highlights the advances in specific transformation processes, including those used for alcoholic beverage and fermented food production. Taking a food process and engineering point-of-view, the book also aims to select important bioengineering principles, highlighting how they can be quantitatively applied in the food and beverages industry.

Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Biological Treatment of Industrial Effluents provides extensive coverage of new developments, state-of-the-art technologies, and potential future trends in data-based scientific knowledge and advanced information on the role and application of environmental biotechnology and engineering in the treatment of industrial effluents. These treatment processes have been broadly classified under aerobic and anaerobic processes which determines the scope and level of pollutant removal. Chapters in this volume review the most recent developments and perspectives at different environmental cleanup operation scales.