There has been a great advancement in the study of fractional-order nonlocal nonlinear boundary value problems during the last few decades. The interest in the subject of fractional-order boundary value problems owes to the extensive application of fractional differential equations in many engineering and scientific disciplines. Fractional-order differential and integral operators provide an excellent instrument for the description of memory and hereditary properties of various materials and processes, which contributed significantly to the popularity of the subject and motivated many researchers and modelers to shift their focus from classical models to fractional order models. Some peculiarities of physical, chemical or other processes happening inside the domain cannot be formulated with the aid of classical boundary conditions. This limitation led to the consideration of nonlocal and integral conditions which relate the boundary values of the unknown function to its values at some interior positions of the domain.The main objective for writing this book is to present some recent results on single-valued and multi-valued boundary value problems, involving different kinds of fractional differential and integral operators, and several kinds of nonlocal multi-point, integral, integro-differential boundary conditions. Much of the content of this book contains the recent research published by the authors on the topic.

This book is devoted to the study of existence of solutions or positive solutions for various classes of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional differential equations, and systems of fractional differential equations subject to nonlocal boundary conditions. The monograph draws together many of the authors' results, that have been obtained and highly cited in the literature in the last four years.In each chapter, various examples are presented which support the main results. The methods used in the proof of these theorems include results from the fixed point theory and fixed point index theory. This volume can serve as a good resource for mathematical and scientific researchers, and for graduate students in mathematics and science interested in the existence of solutions for fractional differential equations and systems.

The main objective of this book is to extend the scope of the q-calculus based on the definition of q-derivative [Jackson (1910)] to make it applicable to dense domains. As a matter of fact, Jackson's definition of q-derivative fails to work for impulse points while this situation does not arise for impulsive equations on q-time scales as the domains consist of isolated points covering the case of consecutive points. In precise terms, we study quantum calculus on finite intervals.In the first part, we discuss the concepts of qk-derivative and qk-integral, and establish their basic properties. As applications, we study initial and boundary value problems of impulsive qk-difference equations and inclusions equipped with different kinds of boundary conditions. We also transform some classical integral inequalities and develop some new integral inequalities for convex functions in the context of qk-calculus. In the second part, we develop fractional quantum calculus in relation to a new qk-shifting operator and establish some existence and qk uniqueness results for initial and boundary value problems of impulsive fractional qk-difference equations.

To keep pace with its heavier stake in world affairs, Pakistan has had to significantly reform its foreign and domestic policy. On September 11th, 2001, Pakistan's entire world picture changed irrevocably. Suddenly a strong ally of the United States, Pakistan quickly dismantled the Taliban position within its own borders and aided the United States in attacking the Taliban government in Afghanistan. In Pakistan on the Brink, historian Craig Baxter and a team of specialists explore this U.S.-Pakistani relationship with great dexterity. This collection of essays scrutinizes many aspects of Pakistan's foreign policy, including its evolving relations with the United States, India, and Afghanistan. Essential to understanding Pakistan's foreign relations is a focus on Pakistan's domestic policies. The contributing scholars deftly analyze the following domestic aspects: Pakistan's developing economy, controversial election process, education system, and local government. Pakistan on the Brink is an imperative source for scholars of South Asia, Pakistan, and political science.

Fractional evolution equations provide a unifying framework to investigate wellposedness of complex systems with fractional order derivatives. This monograph presents the existence, attractivity, stability, periodic solutions and control theory for time fractional evolution equations. The book contains an up-to-date and comprehensive stuff on the topic.

This book focuses on the recent development of fractional differential equations, integro-differential equations, and inclusions and inequalities involving the Hadamard derivative and integral. Through a comprehensive study based in part on their recent research, the authors address the issues related to initial and boundary value problems involving Hadamard type differential equations and inclusions as well as their functional counterparts. The book covers fundamental concepts of multivalued analysis and introduces a new class of mixed initial value problems involving the Hadamard derivative and Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. In later chapters, the authors discuss nonlinear Langevin equations as well as coupled systems of Langevin equations with fractional integral conditions. Focused and thorough, this book is a useful resource for readers and researchers interested in the area of fractional calculus.

In the present research work, the plant Terminalia arjuna of family Combretaceae was collected from vicinity of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Campus. The different parts of plant like leaves, stem bark, and fruit were collected carefully, free from adultration, and shade dried. Phytochemical screening of different ground plant parts was performed through appropriate chemical tests and presence of various secondary metabolites was established. Cardiotonic glycosides were found in leaves, stem bark, and fruit of Terminalia arjuna. Specific weight of crude drugs were taken and extracted with dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol successively.). Then all the extracts were subjected to Biological Activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxicity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. It was found that methanol extract of Terminalia arjuna leaves showed moderate antifungal and phytotoxic activity, bark (Methanol) showed moderate phytotoxic activity, fruit (Methanol) showed good antibacterial, phytotoxic activity and non-significant antifungal activity.

HRD in Pakistan, an analytical study is related with the current scenario of HR in Pakistan since existence to date. As no book is available on the topic as such, hence, it is unique book especially for advance studies in HRD for policy makers and planners. In spite of many efforts taken by the Govt Pakistan is lagging behind in this area. A panoramic history of Economic Development of Japan and other Asian Tigers is evident that Human capital occupies central position as compared to any other resource for social development. Pakistan's track record in this field has never risen beyond a mere average. HRD is based on education, science and technological development; health, food, nutrition, hygienic condition and availability of clean drinking water; information technological development, vocational training and skill development; manpower planning; development in migration outflows and inflow of remittances; all these are itself explanatory and give the clear picture that Pakistan is far behind in all these areas of HRD. The monograph may be used in HR planning and guidance especially in Pakistan.

Customized SOA (CSOA) application is just like customized software for any organization with absolute nothing or minimum involvement of human effort. CSOA application provides only services to any small organization. A provider can offer this type of application to relevant organization. Considering CSOA constraints, a method is needed for its development to overcome limitations associated with other methodology for developing CSOA application. This Thesis aims to describe technique for analysis, design and construction of CSOA applications known as BOSM (Business Oriented Services Model). BOSM for CSOA is a development framework which uses the discipline and practices of SOMA and RUP for the proper management of utilizing the basic characteristics of SOA such as reusing existing services, changing existing service with less effort, adding new services at any time, developing new services with future plan, etc.

Using 230 individual employees from various banks, this study examined how top management ethical behavior and ethical climate of organizations enhance job satisfaction. As hypothesized, top management ethical behavior and climate for ethics affected job satisfaction. These results highlight the importance of ethical behaviors and ethical climate in organizational success and show that organizational ethics is not only a strategy that flourishes justice, but also a resource of influence the employees' satisfaction.

Cancer of esophagus was first recorded in China over 2000 years ago using the name "Ye Ge," which means "hard of swallowing with blockage of the gullet and vomiting after eating" or "Dysphagia and Belching." It is also termed "Yi Guan" in many Traditional Chinese Medicine textbooks and is commonly seen in the elderly and rarely develops in young people. Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. It ranks among 10 most frequently occurring cancers in the world. Apparently four lakh new cases of this cancer occur each year. The high incidence rates are found in China, Japan, Africa, and Iran. EC is the second most common cancer in men and fifth most common cause of cancer in females in India. The epidemiological studies have clearly established very high incidence of the EC in India particularly from Kashmir region.

The Book provides comprehensive information, so far as the history of tourism industry of Kashmir valley is concerned. Beginning with the origin and growth of tourism, the book throws light on the impact of turmoil on Kashmir tourism. The crux of the work is that turmoil has a negative impact on tourism of Kashmir. The book will help planners and policy makers in framing plans and policies in view of the current situation.

There is no doubt that women's contribution to the family and national economy is much more than their actual earnings. Empowerment of women refers to present situation in which they can decide their own destiny and performing a variety of tasks related to agriculture. In the present book an attempt has been made through an empirical study to uncover all those questions pertaining to women empowerment through agricultural activity viz. her involvement, decision making, overburdening of work, discrimination, effects on personality as well as on family structure. This book will be useful for researchers, economists, policy planners, NGO's and other organizations working for the empowerment of women.

India has the distinction of employing the large number of working children in the world. The problem of child labour not only persists but also perpetuates in the unorganized sector /industries in India. Therefore ILO and government of India have recognized this problem as a harsh reality. To them it is neither possible nor feasible to stop the menace altogethe under the existing socio-economic conditions. Millions of children across the country are missing the joys of child hood as poverty, hunger; deprivation and unemployment of their parents force them into adult roles. The book is the study of the lives of these little ones whose little hands and nimble fingers are constantly engaged in carpet weaving industry of Kashmir. To give comprehensive view about the problem of working children an effort has been made here to elicit opinion of parents and employers also. The book will be useful not only those who are interested in the study and understanding of child labour, but also may be helpful to research scholars, academicians, social workers and others interested in studying the growing problem of child labour.

Medicinal plants are being used in traditional treatments to cure variety of diseases from thousands of years. Screening of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities performed on Elsholtzia densa crude extracts which is traditionally used as herb shows that they are endowed with potentially utilizable antimicrobial and free radical scavenging activity. Accordingly, this implies the inhibition of microbial pathogenesis and cellular oxidation that is linked to pathological incidents such as heart disease, aging and cancer. It was seen that the ethylacetate extract showed the maximum inhibitory effects against both bacterial and fungal growth. This may be due to the presence of such ingredients in the said extracts like flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids, etc. The crude extracts of the plant possess radical scavenging activity as estimated by in vitro antioxidant assays like DNA damage assay, lipid peroxidation assay, DPPH assay, FTC assay, etc. Hence, Elsholtzia densa extracts could be used as an easy accessible source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agent.