Advances in Clinical Child Psychology is an annual series designed to bring summaries of the latest developments in the field to psychologists, psy chiatrists, educators, and other professionals who are concerned with troubled children. This volume, like its predecessors, attempts to high light the important emerging issues and breakthroughs that are likely to guide clinical work and research in our field of inquiry in the near future. In selecting authors to contribute to this series, we seek out those whose work is innovative, relevant, and likely to influence future work in clinical child psychology and related fields. Each author is chosen either on the basis of potentially important new information or view points in his or her own work, or because the author is especially well qualified to discuss a topic that is not restricted to one program of research. In this volume, a wide range of particularly important topics is addressed. White and Sprague describe an innovative program of re search aimed at identifying the underlying deficit in attention-deficit disorder. Schonert-Reichl and Offer summarize and integrate research on gender differences in psychological symptoms among adolescents. Borden and Ollendick offer a cogent proposal concerning the develop. ment and differentiation of subtypes of autism based on social behavior."

Psychologists have long been interested in the problems of children, but in the last 20 years this interest has increased dramatically. The in tensified focus on clinical child psychology reflects an increased belief that many adult problems have their origin in childhood and that early treatment is often more effective than treatment at later ages, but it also seems to reflect an increased feeling that children are inherently important in their own right. As a result of this shift in emphasis, the number of publications on this topic has multiplied to the extent that even full-time specialists have not been able to keep abreast of all new developments. Researchers in the more basic fields of child psychol ogy have a variety of annual publications and journals to integrate research in their areas, but there is a marked need for such an integra tive publication in the applied segment of child and developmental psychology. Advances in Clinical Child Psychology is a serial publication designed to bring together original summaries of the most important developments each year in the field. Each chapter is written by a key figure in an innovative area of research or practice or by an individual who is particularly well qualified to comment on a topic of major contemporary importance. Each author has followed the stan dard format in which his or her area of research was reviewed and the clinical implications of the studies were made explicit."

Advances in Clinical Child Psychology is a serial publication designed to provide researchers and clinicians with a medium for discussing new and innovative approaches to the problems of children. In this fourth volume, a group of highly distinguished authors have described advanc ing knowledge in a number of critical areas of applied child psychology. These include childhood depression, drug abuse, social skills deficits, community-living skills, the genetics of childhood behavior disorders, and affective states in children. In addition, major statements on new approaches to the assessment of dysfunctional family systems and the social skills of children, as well as the increasingly important methodol ogy of epidemiology, are included in this volume. These chapters pro vide a synopsis of many of the most important advances in the field of clinical child psychology. The quality of a series of this sort is, of course, due to the quality of the contributing authors. We feel very fortunate indeed, therefore, to have been able to entice such a distinguished group of authors to con tribute to this volume. We are also most appreciative of the guidance and assistance of the consulting editors who provided us with ideas for chapter topics and authors and who carefully reviewed and edited each chapter. We also express our hearty thanks to Leonard R. Pace of Plenum whose expertise and support has always been generously given. BENJAMIN B. LAHEY ALAN E. KAZDIN ix Contents The Epidemiology of Child Psychopathology 1 William Yule 1. Introduction ............................................ ."

1. Psychodynamic Psychotherapy with Children: Current Status and Guidelines for Future Research.- 1. Nonbehavioral Child Psychotherapy.- 2. Brief Abstracts of Research Providing Findings on the Factors Affecting the Process and Outcome of Parent and Child Psychotherapy.- 2.1. Psychotherapeutic Treatment of the Maladjusted Child in the Ordinary School.- 2.2. The Outcome of Psychotherapeutic Intervention with Delinquent Boys.- 2.3. Outcome of Child Psychotherapy as a Function of Frequency of Session.- 2.4. Concluding Remarks.- 3. Guidelines in Formulating Nonbehavioral Child Psychotherapy Research.- 3.1. Defining the Conceptual Link between the Characteristics of the Children and Families Being Treated and the Nature of the Therapeutic Process.- 3.2. The Research Design and Hypotheses.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- 5. References.- 2. Cognitive Mediators of the Outcome of Psychotherapy with Children.- 1. Rationale for This Review.- 2. Method Used to Identify Studies.- 3. Theoretical Perspectives on a Linkage between Cognitive Factors and Therapy Outcomes.- 4. Research on Cognitive Capacity as a Mediator of Therapy Effects.- 4.1. The Problem of Age as a Mediator.- 4.2. Mental Age.- 4.3. Piagetian Cognitive Level.- 4.4. Intelligence.- 5. Research on Cognitions as Mediators of Therapy Effects.- 5.1. Causal Attributions.- 5.2. Locus of Control.- 5.3. Control-Related Beliefs.- 6. Research on the Malleability of Child Cognitions.- 7. Research on the Effects of Modifying Child Cognitions.- 8. Summary and Critique of the Evidence.- 9. Recommendations for Future Research.- 10. References.- 3. Improving the Peer Relationships of Rejected Children.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Characteristics of Peer-Rejected Children.- 2.1. Definition.- 2.2. Correlates.- 2.3. Critical Features.- 2.4. Clinical Implications.- 3. Models of Peer Rejection and Treatment Approaches.- 3.1. Social Skills Deficits Model.- 3.2. Negative Behavior Model.- 3.3. Reputation Model.- 3.4. Integrated Model.- 4. Clinical Issues.- 4.1. Assessing Peer Relations without Sociometrics.- 4.2. Gaining Access to Peer Groups.- 4.3. Developmental Considerations.- 5. Conclusions.- 6. References.- 4. Diversion from the Juvenile Justice System: Research Evidence and a Discussion of Issues.- 1. Background Considerations.- 1.1. The Specific Context of the Adolescent Diversion Project.- 2. Developing the Original Model.- 2.1. Participant Youth.- 2.2. Student Volunteers.- 2.3. Intervention Model.- 2.4. Results.- 2.5. Conclusions from the Phase One Project.- 3. Phase Two of ADP Development.- 3.1. Youths Involved in Phase Two.- 3.2. Project Operation in Phase Two.- 3.3. Results from Phase Two.- 4. Phase Three of ADP Development.- 4.1. Youths Involved in Phase Three.- 4.2. Project Operation in Phase Three.- 4.3. Results from Phase Three.- 5. Phase Four of ADP Development.- 5.1. Youths Involved in Phase Four.- 5.2. Project Operation in Phase Four.- 5.3. Results from Phase Four.- 6. Critical Issues in the Operation of Diversion Programs.- 6.1. Clinical and Administrative Issues.- 7. Concluding Comments.- 8. References.- 5. Parental Child Abduction: The Problem and Possible Solution.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Epidemiology of Child Abduction.- 1.2. Effects on the Child.- 1.3. Possible Solutions.- 2. The Florida Project.- 2.1. Procedures.- 2.2. Outcome.- 3. The National Project.- 3.1. Changes in Procedures.- 3.2. Outcome.- 4. Discussion.- 5. References.- 6. Genetic Factors in Childhood Psychopathology: Implications for Clinical Practice.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Advance of Genetic Knowledge.- 1.2. Intelligence and Genetics.- 1.3. Mental Retardation.- 2. Personality and Psychopathology.- 2.1. Normal Personality.- 2.2. Genetic Factors in Behavioral Disorders.- 2.3. Child Psychopathology.- 3. Prevention of Mental Illness.- 4. Social and Ethical Problems Raised by the New Genetic Information.- 5. Other Ethical Issues.- 6. Conclusions.- 7. References.- 7. Obesity of Infancy and Early Childhood: A Diagnostic Schema.

With this volume, Advances in Clinical Child Psychology enters its second decade. The goal of the series is to provide clinicians and researchers in the fields of clinical child psychology, child psychiatry, school psychol ogy, and related disciplines with an annual compilation of statements that summarize the new data, concepts, and techniques that advance our ability to help troubled children. Looking forward, the series intends to highlight the emerging developments that will guide our field of inquiry and practice; looking back, the eleven volumes in the series provide an interesting chronicle of changes in our understanding. Each year, scholars are chosen whose recent work is on the leading edge of clinical child psychology and its sibling disciplines, who offer potentially important new theoretical viewpoints, or who are well qualified to discuss topics of emerging importance that are not identified with one particular laboratory. Perhaps more than in any previous vol ume, the authors of the present volume have achieved fully the goals of the series. Volume 11 is a rich source of exciting ideas, important new information, and cogent analysis. The topics of these chapters, moreover, can be seen to represent the important broad themes in clinical child psychology today. The volume begins with two chapters that describe emerging theoretical perspectives.