British election campaigns are shaped not simply by what politicians do and say, but by how they are reported to the public through the mass media. This book examines the dialogue conducted via the press, television, advertising and the opinion polls beween politicians and the people in the 1997 campaign and its run-up. Special attention is paid to the innovations and changes that marked the 1997 campaign, including the Labour Party's Millbank communications machine, the Sun's endorsement of Labour, the political parties' strengthening grip of the campaign agenda, party campaigning on the Internet, the role of satellite TV, and changes of technique in the opinion polls. One expected innovation that failed to materialize - a television debate between the party leaders - is also explored.

This volume considers the emergence and development of modern retailing from an historical and management perspective in the period 1750-1950. The history of retail business development is an under researched area and these studies address the need for further research and provide examples of current research activity. the book considers, the early emergence of retail forms in the late 18th century, the evolution of retail forms in the 19th century and the late adaptation of retail innovation in the early 20th century.
This work brings together the literature from retail management as well as history. In this, it bridges the gap between the two disciplines. this gap in the understanding of the historical dimension within retail management studies and the understanding of retail management issues in history has hindered the development of valuable research in this area.

The results of British elections depend increasingly on what happens during the intensive four-week campaign, a period shaped not simply by what politicians do and say, but by how it is reported to the public through the mass media. This book, the fourth such collection on each election since 1979, examines the dialogue conducted via the press, television and the opinion polls between politicians and the people in the 1992 campaign. A mixture of academic research, expert experience and personal reflection, the chapters are written not only by academic scholars, but by professionals from the worlds of television, newspapers, polling and party organisation. The book will be of great interest not only to academic political scientists, but to politicians, journalists, market researchers and party workers - indeed, to all with an active interest in elections and the mass media in Britain.

The results of British elections depend increasingly on what happens during the intensive four-week campaign, a period shaped not simply by what politicians do and say, but by how it is reported to the public through the mass media. This book, the fourth such collection on each election since 1979, examines the dialogue conducted via the press, television and the opinion polls between politicians and the people in the 1992 campaign. A mixture of academic research, expert experience and personal reflection, the chapters are written not only by academic scholars, but by professionals from the worlds of television, newspapers, polling and party organisation. The book will be of great interest not only to academic political scientists, but to politicians, journalists, market researchers and party workers - indeed, to all with an active interest in elections and the mass media in Britain.