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Changes in both technology and global political economy have vastly
accelerated the pace of globalization in the last 40 years, eroding
barriers that limited firms' geographic scope, and unleashing a
seemingly unlimited set of new threats, challenges, and
opportunities to create value globally. Globalization presents
managers with an environment to create value that is more complex,
risky, and also more promising than ever before. Despite recent
advances in our understanding of how locations impact the creation
and appropriation of value by firms, the speed of these changes has
often surpassed the speed of research on the connections between
geography and firms. This volume draws together researchers working
at the forefront of this area in a variety of
disciplines-economics, geography, marketing, organizational
behavior, psychology, sociology, and strategy-in order to explore
the many ways that locations matter for firms. In 11 varied papers,
the authors draw on newly available data, recently developed
theory, and diverse methodology to understand the relationships
between firm boundaries, firm activities, and geographic borders.
Bruce Kogut's writing has sketched a theory of human motivation
that sees managers as social, often altruistic, sometimes as
selfish, who care about their colleagues and their status among
them. For the first time this book collects together key pieces
that show how this view works in application to practical
managerial issues, such as technology transfer and licensing, joint
ventures as options, and the diffusion of ideas and best practices
in the world economy. In an extensive introduction to these
chapters, Kogut grounds this view in recent work in neurosciences
and behavioural experiments in human sociality. On this basis, he
provides a critique of leading schools of thought in management,
including the resource based view of the firm cognition, and
experimental economics. He proposes that people are hardwired to
learn social norms and to develop identities that conform to social
categories. This foundation supports a concept of coordination
among people that is inscribed in social communities. It is this
concept that leads to a theory of the firm as derived from social
knowledge and shared identities. Kogut argues that the resource
based view of the firm is only a view and it fails as a theory
because it lacks a behavioural foundation. If it were to choose
one, the choice would be between knowledge and organizational
economics. Similarly, he argues that recent statements regarding
cognition do not confront the age-old question of shared templates.
If it did, it too would have to confront a theory of social
knowledge. The author then proposes that this foundation is
essential to an understanding of norms and institutions as well.
Thus, we are moving into a period in which rapid advances in
neuroscience increasingly lead to an integrated foundation for the
social sciences. This opening chapter is the gateway to the
collected essays, which assemble the author's published articles on
knowledge, options, and institutions. The book ends on the most
recent work on open source software and generating rules. The
chapter on open source discusses how new technology is changing the
face of innovation. The final article on generating rules is the
segue to the author's current work that looks at how simple rules
of social exchange leads to complex patterns of local and global
knowledge.
This volume is a timely and insightful exploration into the issues of corporate governance and the impact of corporate governance practices on investments in developing countries. Sponsored by the World Economic Forum, INSEAD, and Wharton this book collects original essays from senior researchers at the worlds top academic institutions as well as from key policymakers and business leaders, It analyzes global aspects of governance in relation to such issues as corporate performance, privatization, venture capitalism, and workers. With global financial markets having become more integrated, the book pays particular attention to the role of corporate governance in emerging-market economies and international capital flows. Rich in facts and ideas, Corporate Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy is a must read for anyone interested in financial crises, international risk management, and global competitiveness.
This volume is a timely and insightful exploration into the issues of corporate governance and the impact of corporate governance practices on investments in developing countries. Sponsored by the World Economic Forum, INSEAD, and Wharton, this book collects original essays from senior researchers at the worlds top academic institutions as well as from key policymakers and business leaders, It analyzes global aspects of governance in relation to such issues as corporate performance, privatization, venture capitalism, and workers. With global financial markets having become more integrated, the book pays particular attention to the role of corporate governance in emerging-market economies and international capital flows. Rich in facts and ideas, Corporate Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy is a must read for anyone interested in financial crises, international risk management, and global competitiveness.
With the expansion of global competition through international
trade agreements and heightened rivalry between firms in the
domestic market, it is easy to understand why a firm would seek to
compete by lowering the wages paid to labor. Yet, this strategy is
troubled not only by the efforts of other firms pursuing cheaper
labor costs, but also by the failure to adopt better ways of
organizing work. New products are copied within a short time after
introduction. What is difficult to imitate is the organizing of
work--as applied to the factory floor, to the corporation, and to
relations among firms and other institutions. This book explores
detailed case studies of individual firms, country comparisons, and
historical patterns of diffusion. The authors emphasize that the
speed by which a firm adopts and integrates new technologies and
ways of organizing must be understood in the context of the
strength of the regional and national network of firms and
institutions. The chapters in the book are written by
world-renowned scholars--including Giovanni Dosi, Horst Kern,
Michael Schumann, and Eleanor D. Westner--and represent major
schools of thought from Germany, France, the U.S., Japan, and the
United Kingdom. The studies are international in nature and include
in-depth analyses of software systems, automobile manufacturing
(e.g. the Toyota Production System), and the machine tool industry.
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