Economics can be inspiring - often taking a stand against convention, achieving challenging results, discussing unorthodox viewpoints and suggesting new policies. Bruno S. Frey illustrates what he perceives to be the inspirational quality of economics and how this differs from the type of economics studied in many academic institutions. He introduces insights into economics from a psychological perspective, dealing with issues such as transformation of anomalies, identification in democracy and crowding effects, and focuses on intrinsic motivation and how it is undermined. Inspiring Economics also looks at the integration of economics and politics, covering topics including popular initiatives and referenda, authoritarian nations and foreign aid, and the way in which the cost of war is reflected on the capital market. This groundbreaking empirical study of human motivation and behaviour will be a fascinating read for those interested in economics and economic theory.

Emphasising a positive approach to dealing with terrorism (the carrot), this book provides a critique of deterrence policy (the stick) which can be ineffective and even counterproductive, and proposes three alternative and effective anti-terrorist policies: * Decentralisation reduces vulnerability to terrorist attacks. A system with many different centres is more stable due to its diversity, enabling one part to substitute for another. * Positive incentives can be offered to actual and prospective terrorists not to engage in violent acts. Incentives include: reintegrating terrorists into society, welcoming repentents and offering them valued opportunities. * Diverting attention by naming several terrorist groups potentially responsible for a particular terrorist act. The government thus supplies more information than the terrorist responsible would wish. The proposed anti-terrorist policy has two important advantages over a coercive policy. The whole interaction between terrorists and the government transforms into a positive sum game and the strategy undermines the cohesiveness of the terrorist organisation. Surveying empirical results on the effects of terrorism on the economy and society, Bruno Frey demonstrates the strength of an economic approach to terrorism, which will be of great interest to social and also political scientists, public policy scholars, international relations experts and researchers, and above all, economists. The alternatives to deterrence illustrated in the book are advantageous for the general public and politicians, and the actuality that a positive policy is better than a coercive policy will be of great appeal to educators.

What makes people happy in life? This crucial question has the potential to shake up economics. In recent years, dissatisfaction with the understanding of welfare in economics and new opportunities for empirical study of people's subjective well-being have spurred impressive and stimulating new research into the 'dismal' science, resulting in increased interest in the economics of happiness. Professor Frey and Professor Stutzer have selected contributions by leading scholars which offer a wide-ranging overview of recent developments. These include an exploration of the economic determinants of happiness, the importance of social capital and health for well-being and the new life satisfaction approach to valuing public goods. Work on utility misprediction and adaptation challenges the existing fundamentals of economics, and the role of happiness research in public policy is investigated from different perspectives.

Motivated people are crucial to create a sustainable competitive advantage for your company. Successful Management by Motivation shows that in a knowledge-based society, this goal cannot be achieved by extrinsic motivation alone. Pay for performance often even hurts because it crowds out intrinsic motivation like work morale. To succeed, companies have to find ways of fostering and sustaining intrinsic motivation. With the help of in-depth case studies, representative surveys, and analyses based on a large number of firms and employees, this joint work of business researchers and economists identifies the various aspects of motivation in companies and shows how the right combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can be achieved.

In Not Just for the Money Professor Frey challenges traditional economic theory and argues that people do not act in expectation of monetary gain alone, nor do they work solely because they are paid. Furthermore, the author claims that higher monetary compensation as well as regulations crowd-out motivation in important circumstances. Offering higher pay may make people less committed to their work and may reduce their performance. They thus behave in exactly the opposite way the fundamental price-effect of economics predicts.The first part of the book considers the Crowding-Out Effect and the Motivational Spill-Over Effect. The second part explores a large number of applications to constitutional questions, various policy issues and the organization of firms. The final part discusses the substantial consequences for policy making and economic theory. This path breaking book is bound to create controversy and debate. It will appeal not only to economists but to a wide range of social scientists who want to go beyond the traditional assumption of economic man.

In Not Just for the Money Professor Frey challenges traditional economic theory and argues that people do not act in expectation of monetary gain alone, nor do they work solely because they are paid. Furthermore, the author claims that higher monetary compensation as well as regulations crowd-out motivation in important circumstances. Offering higher pay may make people less committed to their work and may reduce their performance. They thus behave in exactly the opposite way the fundamental price-effect of economics predicts.The first part of the book considers the Crowding-Out Effect and the Motivational Spill-Over Effect. The second part explores a large number of applications to constitutional questions, various policy issues and the organization of firms. The final part discusses the substantial consequences for policy making and economic theory. This path breaking book is bound to create controversy and debate. It will appeal not only to economists but to a wide range of social scientists who want to go beyond the traditional assumption of economic man.

Revolutionary developments in economics are rare. The conservative bias of the field and its enshrined knowledge make it difficult to introduce new ideas not in line with received theory. Happiness research, however, has the potential to change economics substantially in the future. Its findings, which are gradually being taken into account in standard economics, can be considered revolutionary in three respects: the measurement of experienced utility using psychologists' tools for measuring subjective well-being; new insights into how human beings value goods and services and social conditions that include consideration of such non-material values as autonomy and social relations; and policy consequences of these new insights that suggest different ways for government to affect individual well-being. In Happiness, emphasizing empirical evidence rather than theoretical conjectures, Bruno Frey substantiates these three revolutionary claims for happiness research. After tracing the major developments of happiness research in economics and demonstrating that we have gained important new insights into how income, unemployment, inflation, and income demonstration affect well-being, Frey examines such wide-ranging topics as democracy and federalism, self-employment and volunteer work, marriage, terrorism, and watching television from the new perspective of happiness research. Turning to policy implications, Frey describes how government can provide the conditions for people to achieve well-being, arguing that a crucial role is played by adequate political institutions and decentralized decision making. Happiness demonstrates the achievements of the economic happiness revolution and points the way to future research.Bruno S. Frey is Professor of Economics at the University of Zurich, Visiting Professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, and Research Director of CREMA (Center for Research in Economics, Management, and the Arts). He is co-editor of Economics and Psychology: A Promising New Cross-Disciplinary Field (MIT Press, 2007).

Reporting on cutting-edge advances in economics, this book presents a selection of commentaries that reveal the weaknesses of several core economics concepts. Economics is a vigorous and progressive science, which does not lose its force when particular parts of its theory are empirically invalidated; instead, they contribute to the accumulation of knowledge. By discussing problematic theoretical assumptions and drawing on the latest empirical research, the authors question specific hypotheses and reject major economic ideas from the "Coase Theorem" to "Say's Law" and "Bayesianism." Many of these ideas remain prominent among politicians, economists and the general public. Yet, in the light of the financial crisis, they have lost both their relevance and supporting empirical evidence. This fascinating and thought-provoking collection of 71 short essays written by respected economists and social scientists from all over the world will appeal to anyone interested in scientific progress and the further development of economics.

This book champions the view that economics is a social science, and that, moreover, it may serve as a new paradigm for the social sciences. Economics is taken to be part of those sciences which deal with actual problems of society by providing insights, improving our understanding and suggesting solutions. I am aware that the way problems are addressed here has little in common with economics as it is generally understood today; most economists make strong efforts to imitate the exact sciences. Economics tends to become a branch of applied mathematics; the majority of all publications in professional journals and books are full of axioms, lemmas and proofs, and they are much concerned with purely formal deductions. Often, when the results are translated into verbal language, or when they are applied empirically, disappointingly little of interest remains. The book wants to show that another type of economics exists which is surprisingly little known. This type of economics has its own particular point of view. It centres on a concept of man, or a model of human behaviour, which differs from those normally used in other social sciences such as sociology, political science, law, or psychology. I do not, however, claim that economics is the only legitimate social science. On the contrary, economics can provide useful insights only in collaboration with the other social Vll Vlll PREFACE sciences-an aspect which has been disregarded by mathematically oriented economics.

This book champions the view that economics is a social science, and that, moreover, it may serve as a new paradigm for the social sciences. Economics is taken to be part of those sciences which deal with actual problems of society by providing insights, improving our understanding and suggesting solutions. I am aware that the way problems are addressed here has little in common with economics as it is generally understood today; most economists make strong efforts to imitate the exact sciences. Economics tends to become a branch of applied mathematics; the majority of all publications in professional journals and books are full of axioms, lemmas and proofs, and they are much concerned with purely formal deductions. Often, when the results are translated into verbal language, or when they are applied empirically, disappointingly little of interest remains. The book wants to show that another type of economics exists which is surprisingly little known. This type of economics has its own particular point of view. It centres on a concept of man, or a model of human behaviour, which differs from those normally used in other social sciences such as sociology, political science, law, or psychology. I do not, how ever, claim that economics is the only legitimate social science. On the vii viii PREFACE contrary, economics can provide useful insights only in collaboration with the other social sciences-an aspect which has been disregarded by mathematically oriented economics."

Motivated employees play a crucial role in creating a companys sustainable competitive advantage. Successful Management by Motivation shows that in a knowledge-based society, this goal cannot be achieved by extrinsic motivation alone. Pay for performance often even hurts because it crowds out intrinsic motivation. To succeed, companies have to find ways of fostering and sustaining intrinsic motivation. With the help of in-depth case studies, representative surveys, and analysis based on a large number of firms and employees, this work identifies the various aspects of motivation in companies and shows how the right combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation can be achieved.

Economics can be inspiring - often taking a stand against convention, achieving challenging results, discussing unorthodox viewpoints and suggesting new policies. Bruno S. Frey illustrates what he perceives to be the inspirational quality of economics and how this differs from the type of economics studied in many academic institutions. He introduces insights into economics from a psychological perspective, dealing with issues such as transformation of anomalies, identification in democracy and crowding effects, and focuses on intrinsic motivation and how it is undermined. Inspiring Economics also looks at the integration of economics and politics, covering topics including popular initiatives and referenda, authoritarian nations and foreign aid, and the way in which the cost of war is reflected on the capital market. This groundbreaking empirical study of human motivation and behaviour will be a fascinating read for those interested in economics and economic theory.

This book champions the view that economics is a social science, and that, moreover, it may serve as a new paradigm for the social sciences. Economics is taken to be part of those sciences which deal with actual problems of society by providing insights, improving our understanding and suggesting solutions. I am aware that the way problems are addressed here has little in common with economics as it is generally understood today; most economists make strong efforts to imitate the exact sciences. Economics tends to become a branch of applied mathematics; the majority of all publications in professional journals and books are full of axioms, lemmas and proofs, and they are much concerned with purely formal deductions. Often, when the results are translated into verbal language, or when they are applied empirically, disappointingly little of interest remains. The book wants to show that another type of economics exists which is surprisingly little known. This type of economics has its own particular point of view. It centres on a concept of man, or a model of human behaviour, which differs from those normally used in other social sciences such as sociology, political science, law, or psychology. I do not, however, claim that economics is the only legitimate social science. On the contrary, economics can provide useful insights only in collaboration with the other social Vll Vlll PREFACE sciences-an aspect which has been disregarded by mathematically oriented economics.

Es gibt wohl wenige Themen, die-in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre und der Praxis eine so unumstrittene, hohe Bedeutung fur den untemehmerischen Erfolg haben wie Moti vation. Theoretische Ansatze und praktische Umsetzungen sind Uber lange Jahre er grUndet, hinterfragt, getestet, verworfen und realisiert worden. Eine schier unUber schaubare Zahl von Publikationen und ein breit gefachertes Spektrum an Seminaren, Tagungen oder Workshops werden angeboten und erOffnen einen vordergrUndig ein fachen Zugang zu diesem ausserst vielschichtigen und komplexen Thema. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, ob nicht schon langst "alles" gesagt und kommentiert worden ist. Die Schweizerische Gesellschaft fUr Organisation war nicht dieser Auffassung, als sie 1998 das Forschungsprojekt "Motivation" lancierte. Was waren somit die BeweggrUnde fur dieses Projekt? Die Umwelt fUr Unternehmungen und Verwaltungseinheiten einerseits und fUr Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter anderseits hat sich in den letzten Jahren noch nie so grundsatzlich und rasch verandert wie zuvor. Dies erfordert eine Neubeurtei lung des Themas Motivation. Die Wissenschaft hat sowohl aus betriebswirtschaftlicher, volkswirtschaftlicher als auch psychologischer Sicht eine Vielzahl neuer Erkenntnisse zum Thema Motivation erforscht und in der praktischen Umsetzung getestet. Dabei ist immer mehr die ganzheitliche Betrachtung im Sinne des Einbezuges aller erwahnten Dis ziplinen in den Vordergrund gerUckt. Die Globalisierung hat sich in den letzten Jahren rasant und fundamental durchge setzt. Damit ist ein vielfarbiges, komplexes Mosaik von Werthaltungen und kultu rellen Auspragungen entstanden, welches den betrieblichen Alltag pragt. Das Thema Motivation hat damit viele neue Chancen und Risiken dazu gewonnen."

This book focuses on what makes people happy. The author explains methods for measuring subjective life satisfaction and well-being by discussing economic and sociodemographic factors, as well as the psychological, cultural and political dimensions of personal happiness. Does higher income increase happiness? Are people in rich countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Scandinavian countries, happier than those living elsewhere? Does losing one's job make one unhappy? What is the role of genetic endowments inherited from our parents? How important are physical and emotional health to subjective life satisfaction? Do older people tend to be happier, or younger people? Are close social relationships necessary for happiness? Do political conditions, such as respect for human rights, democracy and autonomy, play a part? How can governments contribute to the population's happiness? This book answers these questions on the basis of extensive interdisciplinary research reflecting the current state of knowledge. The book will appeal to anyone interested in learning more about the various dimensions of personal well-being beyond the happiness-prosperity connection, as well as to policymakers looking for guidance on how to improve happiness in societies.

Honours fulfil one of the most fundamental desires of human beings, namely, to be recognised and held in esteem by others. There are thousands of awards in all areas of society: the state, arts and media, sports, religion, the voluntary sector, academia, and business. Awards are well visible, can raise the recipients' intrinsic motivation and creativity, and establish a bond of loyalty to the giver. They have distinct advantages over money and other rewards. Presenting empirical evidence using modern statistical techniques Honours versus Money argues that awards can significantly raise performance in different contexts even if they are purely symbolic, recommending how this can be used in practice. It makes the case for reorienting our focus- away from the monetary or material dimensions of work and private life, and towards the symbolic dimensions to celebrate and shine a light on merit and achievement. Honours versus Money discusses award bestowals in their different forms and facets, including as signals and as components of organisations' human resource strategies. It opens our perspective for motivational strategies beyond money, while also outlining their potential pitfalls.

Cultural Overtourism is a comparatively new term, and refers to historical sites, museums and places that are extremely crowded by tourists; hence, a type of tourism that has negative effects on both the cultural sites and the people who live there. This problem has sparked more and more protests. Accordingly, many cultural institutions and cities are now taking measures to limit the flow of tourists. In this book, Bruno S. Frey - a renowned and frequently cited economist - suggests, on the contrary, an extension of the supply of cultural sites in the form of "Revived Originals". By this he means the erection of identical replicas of the most important buildings at a suitable nearby location. In addition, digital information technologies (augmented and virtual reality including holograms) can be used to immerse visitors in the history and culture of the newly established sites, while adjacent hotels, restaurants and shops provide the necessary accompanying infrastructure. In this way, the flow of tourists can be distributed between the original site and the Revived Original. This book outlines the "Revived Originals" concept, discusses the organisational and economic challenges it entails, and contrasts it with existing Disneyland concepts. Especially for families with children or people who have little interest in culture - i.e., for the majority of visitors - these places can be very attractive. This book will appeal to anyone interested in alternative forms of tourism, as well as political and administrative decision-makers looking for new solutions to cultural overtourism.

This book studies the relationship between the arts and the economy. By applying economic thinking to arts and culture, it analyses markets for art and cultural goods, highlights specific facets of art auctions and discusses determinants of the economic success of artists. The author also sheds new light on various cultural areas, such as the performing and visual arts, festivals, films, museums and cultural heritage. Lastly, the book discusses cultural policies, the role of the state in financing culture, and the relationship between the arts and happiness.

Using the economic point of view for an analysis of phenomena related to artistic activities, Arts & Economics not only challenges widely held popular views, but also offers an alternative perspective to sociological or art historic approaches.The wide range of subjects presented are of current interest and, above all, relevant for cultural policy. The issues discussed include: institutions from festivals to "superstar" museums, different means of supporting the arts, including the question whether artistic creativity is undermined by public intervention, an investigation into art as an investment, the various approaches applied when valuing our cultural properties, or why, in a comparative perspective, direct voter participation in cultural policy is not antagonistic to artistic values.

Curiously, economists, whose discipline has much to do with human well-being, have shied away from factoring the study of happiness into their work. Happiness, they might say, is an ''unscientific'' concept. This is the first book to establish empirically the link between happiness and economics--and between happiness and democracy. Two respected economists, Bruno S. Frey and Alois Stutzer, integrate insights and findings from psychology, where attempts to measure quality of life are well-documented, as well as from sociology and political science. They demonstrate how micro- and macro-economic conditions in the form of income, unemployment, and inflation affect happiness. The research is centered on Switzerland, whose varying degrees of direct democracy from one canton to another, all within a single economy, allow for political effects to be isolated from economic effects.

Not surprisingly, the authors confirm that unemployment and inflation nurture unhappiness. Their most striking revelation, however, is that the more developed the democratic institutions and the degree of local autonomy, the more satisfied people are with their lives. While such factors as rising income increase personal happiness only minimally, institutions that facilitate more individual involvement in politics (such as referendums) have a substantial effect. For countries such as the United States, where disillusionment with politics seems to be on the rise, such findings are especially significant. By applying econometrics to a real-world issue of general concern and yielding surprising results, Happiness and Economics promises to spark healthy debate over a wide range of the social sciences.

Kultureller UEbertourismus ist das neue Schlagwort fur von Touristen extrem stark frequentierte und damit uberfullte historische Sehenswurdigkeiten, Museen und Stadte. Ein Kulturtourismus also, der negative Auswirkungen sowohl fur die kulturellen Orte als auch fur die dort lebenden Menschen zeitigt. In Reaktion darauf wird vermehrt protestiert und Kulturtrager und Burgermeister ergreifen zunehmend Massnahmen, um den Touristenstrom zu begrenzen. Ist dies das Ende einer "Kultur fur alle"?In diesem Buch schlagt Bruno S. Frey - renommierter und vielzitierter Kulturoekonom - im Gegenteil eine Erweiterung des Angebotes als "Neue Originale" vor: Die wichtigsten Monumente werden an einem geografisch geeigneten Ort identisch kopiert. Erganzend werden den Besuchern mithilfe digitaler Informationstechnologien (Augmented und Virtual Reality inklusive Hologramme) Geschichte und Kultur der Orte nahe gebracht. Angrenzende Hotels, Restaurants und Laden bieten die notwendige begleitende Infrastruktur. Auf diese Weise kann der Touristenstrom zwischen den ursprunglichen und den "Neuen Originalen" verteilt werden. Diese Idee wird mit seinen organisatorischen und oekonomischen Herausforderungen skizziert und von bestehenden Disneyland-Konzepten abgegrenzt. Gerade fur Familien mit Kindern und allgemein kulturell interessierte Personen - also fur die groesste Zahl der Besucher - koennen diese "Neuen Originale" sehr attraktiv sein.

Die Analyse okonomischer Fragestellungen insbesondere wirtschaftspolitischer Probleme mit Hilfe eines geeigneten theoretischen Instrumentariums, die "angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung", wird in diesem Band behandelt. Ziel ist es dabei, die Vielseitigkeit der Forschungen Gottfried Bombachs in der Vielseitigkeit der Interessen seiner Schuler zu spiegeln. Die Leistungsfahigkeit der modernen Theorie wird dokumentiert, das Verstandnis okonomischer Zusammenhange und ihrer Anwendungen auf die Entwicklung wirtschaftspolitischer Strategien werden gefordert.

Leistungsmotivation jenseits des Pay-for-Performance-Konzepts steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Buches. Umfassende Untersuchungen und Fallstudien zeigen geeignete Massnahmen. Die 2. Auflage ist aktualisiert und um zahlreiche Aspekte und empirische Befunde erweitert.
"

Die Bkonomische Theorie der Politik befaBt sich mit der Anwendung der modernen wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Denkweise auf politisch- okonomische Prozesse. GegenUber der herkommlichen Okonomie unter- scheidet sie sich durch die explizite BerUcksichtigung politi scher Elemente, gegenUber der Politologie und politischen Soziologie durch eine unterschiedliche Methode. In diesem Sammelband wird die Okonomische Theorie der Politik in weitem Sinne verstanden. In einigen Beitragen steht die typische Fragestellung und Vorgehensweise, in anderen mehr der inhaltliche Beitrag zum Verstandnis der gegenseitigen Abhangigkeit von Wirt- schaft und Politik im Vordergrund. Es wird gezeigt, daB nicht nur die streng neoklassische Tradition, sondern auch andere Stromungen in der Wirtschaftstheorie Anwendung finden konnen. Neben einigen abstrakt-theoretischen Abhandlungen sind vor allem anwendungsbezo- gene Beitrage und - insbesondere im letzten Teil - empirisch-sta- tistische Untersuchungen aufgenommen worden. Diese Gewichtung ent- spricht nicht notwendigerweise dem quantitativen Anteil dieser An- satze an der Zahl der Veroffentlichungen. Sie beruht eher auf der subjektiv gefarbten Einschatzung der beiden Herausgeber Uber deren qualitative Bedeutung und Fruchtbarkeit. Diese Einstellung spie- gelt sich auch in der bewuBten Entscheidung fUr moglichst leicht lesbare Beitrage wider, damit dieser Sammelband auch fUr Wirt- schaftsstudenten unterer Semester und andere Sozialwissenschaft- ler zuganglich ist. Die Einordnung der aufgenommenen Beitrage in den Gesamtzusammen- hang wird im einfUhrenden Aufsatz von Bruno S. Frey unternommen. Dieser anthalt gleichzeitig einen Uberblick Uber die Okonomische Theorie der Politik und weitere Varianten Politischer Okonomie. Dank geflihrt den Ubersetzern - alles ausgewiesene Vertreter der Okonomischen Theorie der Politik - fUr ihre Arbeit und Ratschlage. W. W.