Updated and expanded! Reviews the theory, materials, and processes that are used in the lithographic process. Opens with a brief historical introduction to the advances in microlithography. Discusses four major topics: the physics of the lithographic process, organic resist materials, resist processing, and plasma etching. Designed as a tutorial for researchers with no experience in the field, as well as those experienced in microlithography. Will also prove invaluable to those already involved in microlithography. Includes numerous references for more detailed reading on specific aspects of microlithography.

At last we can know who 'king' Arthur was, when he lived and what he did. This is the first work on the legendary hero started without any axe to grind. Here it is demonstrated that Arthur was a Coeling - a prince directly descended from Old King Cole - selected as a very young age by the kings of the 'Hen Ogled' (The Old north, which had been a magor subdivision of Roman Britannia) to be 'Pendragon' (Army Commander in Chief) of the alliance of forces tasked to put an end to raids into their lands by Picts and Scots once and for all. The sites of the 12 famous battles are identified, Arthur's pedigree is specified and the circumstances of his death examined. Such well know elements of Arthurian legend as 'Excalibur', Camelot, Karduel and the 'Isle of Avalon' are all identified, explained and put in context. This book then goes on to suggest where the boundary between history and legend lies, identifying the relationship between the two and showing how the legend developed in the first place. Finally Arthur's legacy is assessed.

At last we can know who 'king' Arthur was, when he lived and what he did. This is the first work on the legendary hero started without any axe to grind. Here it is demonstrated that Arthur was a Coeling - a prince directly descended from Old King Cole - selected as a very young age by the kings of the 'Hen Ogled' (The Old north, which had been a magor subdivision of Roman Britannia) to be 'Pendragon' (Army Commander in Chief) of the alliance of forces tasked to put an end to raids into their lands by Picts and Scots once and for all. The sites of the 12 famous battles are identified, Arthur's pedigree is specified and the circumstances of his death examined. Such well know elements of Arthurian legend as 'Excalibur', Camelot, Karduel and the 'Isle of Avalon' are all identified, explained and put in context. This book then goes on to suggest where the boundary between history and legend lies, identifying the relationship between the two and showing how the legend developed in the first place. Finally Arthur's legacy is assessed.

By bringing evidence from heraldry, DNA and place names to bear and by insisting on feasible time lines this two volume work (with accompanying CD) exposes many of the myths which still mask the origin stories of so many Scottish Clans - and offers far more interesting, exciting and accurate replacements. The specific political situations which made the creation of these myths necessary or desirable are explained. In order to achieve all this a fresh understanding of the "clan" has been required - and is provided - and radical theories have been developed regarding Pictish place names and the origins of heraldry, while the Norse Sagas have been placed in a new and viable timeframe, with many contradictions and errors resolved. Shakespeare's "MacDuff" is identified, as is the Orkneyinga Saga's "Karl Hundisson". To aid understanding the accompanying CD includes a family tree showing the inter-relationships of the participants and a library of Google Earth placemarks allowing the reader to find all the key locations - many of them quite obscure - effortlessly. Full colour illustrations of Heraldic arms add to the richness of the experience while the Bibliography benefits from being "searchable". The work focuses on the period of the "House of Canmore" dynasty (and does not extend beyond 1316), but ancestral lines are traced back, in some cases nearly 1000 years further. The ancestors of the Siol Alpin clans are discussed in detail back to the year 810. Names considered in this Volume: Colquhoun Comyn Crawford Dunbar Grant Johnston Kirkpatrick Livingston(e) MacGregor MacNab MacAulay Mack Mackinnon MacFie MacQuarrie Maguire, Duffy (in Ireland) MacAlpine Maxton Maxwell Mitchell (in Scotland) Moffat Montalt/Mohaut (in England) Mowat Ruthven

By bringing evidence from heraldry, DNA and place names to bear and by insisting on feasible time lines this two volume work exposes many of the myths which still mask the origin stories of so many Scottish Clans - and offers far more interesting, exciting and accurate replacements. The specific political situations which made the creation of these myths necessary or desirable are explained. In order to achieve all this a fresh understanding of the "clan" has been required - and is provided - and radical theories have been developed regarding Pictish place names and the origins of heraldry, while the Norse Sagas have been placed in a new and viable timeframe, with many contradictions and errors resolved. Shakespeare's "MacDuff" is identified, as is the Orkneyinga Saga's "Karl Hundisson". To aid understanding, the CD accompanying Volume 2 includes a family tree showing the inter-relationships of the participants and a library of Google Earth placemarks allowing the reader to find all the key locations - many of them quite obscure - effortlessly. Full colour illustrations of Heraldic arms add to the richness of the experience while the Bibliography benefits from being "searchable". The work focuses on the period of the "House of Canmore" dynasty (and does not extend beyond 1316), but ancestral lines are traced back, in some cases nearly 1000 years further. The ancestors of the Siol Alpin clans are discussed in detail back to the year 810. Names considered in this Volume: Colquhoun Comyn Crawford Dunbar Grant Johnston Kirkpatrick Livingston(e) MacGregor MacNab MacAulay Mack Mackinnon MacFie MacQuarrie Maguire, Duffy (in Ireland) MacAlpine Maxton Maxwell Mitchell (in Scotland) Moffat Montalt/Mohaut (in England) Mowat Ruthven

By bringing evidence from heraldry, DNA and place names to bear and by insisting on feasible time lines this two volume work (with accompanying CD) exposes many of the myths which still mask the origin stories of so many Scottish Clans - and offers far more interesting, exciting and accurate replacements. The specific political situations which made the creation of these myths necessary or desirable are explained. In order to achieve all this a fresh understanding of the "clan" has been required - and is provided - and radical theories have been developed regarding Pictish place names and the origins of heraldry, while the Norse Sagas have been placed in a new and viable timeframe, with many contradictions and errors resolved. Shakespeare's "MacDuff" is identified, as is the Orkneyinga Saga's "Karl Hundisson". To aid understanding the accompanying CD includes a family tree showing the inter-relationships of the participants and a library of Google Earth placemarks allowing the reader to find all the key locations - many of them quite obscure - effortlessly. Full colour illustrations of Heraldic arms add to the richness of the experience while the Bibliography benefits from being "searchable". The work focuses on the period of the "House of Canmore" dynasty (and does not extend beyond 1316), but ancestral lines are traced back, in some cases nearly 1000 years further. The ancestors of the Siol Alpin clans are discussed in detail back to the year 810. Names considered in this Volume: Abernethy Bisset Calder Campbell Chattan Davidson Farquharson Fraser of Lovat Lamont MacArthur MacBain MacDonald MacDougall MacDowall MacDuff MacGillivray Macintyre Mackay Mackenzie Mackintosh MacLaren Maclean of Dochgarroc MacPhail MacQueen Macpherson MacMillan MacSween McThomas Munro Oliphant Shaw Stewart Wemyss Also examined and explained in a very new way: Pictish Placenames The Origins of the Clan System The Origins of Heraldry The early life of St Patrick The History of Norway, Orkney and Normandy (700-1030) Scottish Politics (800-1057) Manuscript 1467

By bringing evidence from heraldry, DNA and place names to bear and by insisting on feasible time lines this two volume work (with accompanying CD) exposes many of the myths which still mask the origin stories of so many Scottish Clans - and offers far more interesting, exciting and accurate replacements. The specific political situations which made the creation of these myths necessary or desirable are explained. In order to achieve all this a fresh understanding of the "clan" has been required - and is provided - and radical theories have been developed regarding Pictish place names and the origins of heraldry, while the Norse Sagas have been placed in a new and viable timeframe, with many contradictions and errors resolved. Shakespeare's "MacDuff" is identified, as is the Orkneyinga Saga's "Karl Hundisson". To aid understanding the accompanying CD includes a family tree showing the inter-relationships of the participants and a library of Google Earth placemarks allowing the reader to find all the key locations - many of them quite obscure - effortlessly. Full colour illustrations of Heraldic arms add to the richness of the experience while the Bibliography benefits from being "searchable". The work focuses on the period of the "House of Canmore" dynasty (and does not extend beyond 1316), but ancestral lines are traced back, in some cases nearly 1000 years further. The ancestors of the Siol Alpin clans are discussed in detail back to the year 810. Names considered in this Volume: Abernethy Bisset Calder Campbell Chattan Davidson Farquharson Fraser of Lovat Lamont MacArthur MacBain MacDonald MacDougall MacDowall MacDuff MacGillivray Macintyre Mackay Mackenzie Mackintosh MacLaren Maclean of Dochgarroc MacPhail MacQueen Macpherson MacMillan MacSween McThomas Munro Oliphant Shaw Stewart Wemyss Also examined and explained in a very new way: Pictish Placenames The Origins of the Clan System The Origins of Heraldry The early life of St Patrick The History of Norway, Orkney and Normandy (700-1030) Scottish Politics (800-1057) Manuscript 1467

Equality and equity are often mischaracterized as interchangeable terms in public education. This may explain why efforts towards reform and restructure are often not met with any real measure of success. Equity, Equality, and Reform in Contemporary Public Education provides emerging research on the reformation of education curriculum to provide proportionate opportunities for marginalized students and support for student achievement in public education. While highlighting topics, such as achievement gaps, gender biases, and multicultural responsiveness, this book explores the theories and applications of different measures of reform to promote fairness among individual students. This book is an important resource for educators, professionals, school administrators, researchers, and practitioners in the field of education.

Written for human resources and training professionals, this book addresses a recurring problem for managers and corporations: how can we efficiently, cost effectively, and humanely motivate employees to work at or near their top potential? Arguing that opportunities to heighten employee motivation are often missed when managers rely on overly simplistic theories of human motivation, Grant develops his own multifaceted Effort-Net Return Model and offers a sampling of over 200 prescriptions for motivating employees that can be derived from the model. The model itself is based upon four basic principles, each grounded in research and each of which has supporting propositions which determine the motivational prescription to be employed. Because the motivational prescriptions indicated can be easily tailored to the recipient's own personal value system, the model is applicable across a broad spectrum of employee groups.

Grant introduces and describes the Effort-Net Return Model in Chapter One, demonstrating its superiority over previous models which rely on the application of restrictive formulas and constructs to determine motivational strategies. The next four chapters address in turn each of the four principles upon which the model is based and their supporting propositions. In these chapters, Grant also provides a representative inventory of the kinds of avenues managers can pursue to enhance employee motivation. Throughout, Grant emphasizes the impact of individual differences on the end results to be expected from a given motivational prescription, cautioning the reader to take these differences into account when beginning to put together a motivational plan. The final chapter presents real-world case problems, together with analyses and suggested prescriptive packages, to enable the reader to move from theory to actual practice. Numerous exercises and application instruments are also included to help the manager apply the Effort-Net Return Model in the workplace.

As a diverse, interdisciplinary group of scholars, drawing from experience in 12 countries, contributors to this volume share an anti-oppressive stance and have utilized an array of theories and research strategies to counter the persistent and growing number of exclusions in education - based on race, class, gender, ethnicity, language, dis/ability, sexual orientation, and citizenship status. Authors include education researchers, teacher educators, and theorists who have worked for many years on issues of social and educational inclusion and empowerment of groups which have been marginalized and share a focus on pedagogy, policy, and professional development of teachers. Contributing authors share a deep commitment to naming ways in which social exclusion has diminished the educational and life chances of many students in our various sites of work and regions of the world - and to moving the discourse and action beyond pedagogies of exclusion to a more visionary and inclusive praxis.

Designed as a specialized, practical reference for human resources professionals and students, this book fully explains both how to prepare and how to use job descriptions. The author breaks new ground by identifying a more extensive array of uses for job descriptions than in previous works on the subject--132 major management uses are discussed. Particular attention is given to gathering data for job descriptions and developing task/responsibility categories as an aid to understanding the design of work. Sample job descriptions are included to illustrate points made in the text. The author demonstrates the numerous ways in which job descriptions can help management make better decisions in each of the core areas of human resource management--job design, reward system design, employee staffing, employee training, and performance control. In addition, Grant addresses in detail the many typical problems organizations have with job description preparation and use, offering a wealth of suggestions for avoiding these common pitfalls.

Finally, the book shows that the design of jobs can be accurately depicted by job descriptions if attention is given to key unconventional types of information such as task times and priorities, non-work and semi-work activity, and unplanned work. An especially valuable feature is the Appendix section which contains model forms and questionnaires, log sheets, lists of objectives, rules, regulations, policies, and more. Indispensable for personnel administrators and specialists, this book is also a unique and useful management tool for department and division heads throughout the organization.

Drawing on over 30 years of consulting experience and a multi-disciplinary background, Philip Grant challenges conventional wisdom on managing performance in organizations. The topics that he addresses include job and organizational design, employee motivation, the integration of behavioral and economic theories, the diagnosis of performance problems, and the synthesis of operations management models. Each chapter focuses on a particular innovative aspect of his model while the appendix provides information for the practical application of the ideas presented in the text. Innovations in Management Thinking will enlighten readers and give them the tools for individual and organizational success.

In the past 15 years a host of critical thinking books have appeared that teach students to find flaws in the arguments of others by learning to detect a number of informal fallacies. This book is not in that tradition. The authors of this book believe that while students learn to become vicious critics, they still continue to make the very mistakes they criticize in others. Thus, this book has adopted the approach of teaching the construction of good arguments first and then introducing criticism as a secondary skill. Moreover, the emphasis of the book is not on learning to name fallacies, but on being able to identify weaknesses in an argument so as to be able to construct an effective critique of that argument. The book is accompanied by a workbook featuring a wealth of examples to help students acquire the material.

In the past 15 years a host of critical thinking books have appeared that teach students to find flaws in the arguments of others by learning to detect a number of informal fallacies. This book is not in that tradition. The authors of this book believe that while students learn to become vicious critics, they still continue to make the very mistakes they criticize in others. Thus, this book has adopted the approach of teaching the construction of good arguments first and then introducing criticism as a secondary skill. Moreover, the emphasis of the book is not on learning to name fallacies, but on being able to identify weaknesses in an argument so as to be able to construct an effective critique of that argument. The book is accompanied by a workbook featuring a wealth of examples to help students acquire the material.

In the past 15 years a host of critical thinking books have appeared that teach students to find flaws in the arguments of others by learning to detect a number of informal fallacies. This book is not in that tradition. The authors of this book believe that while students learn to become vicious critics, they still continue to make the very mistakes they criticize in others. Thus, this book has adopted the approach of teaching the construction of good arguments first and then introducing criticism as a secondary skill. Moreover, the emphasis of the book is not on learning to name fallacies, but on being able to identify weaknesses in an argument so as to be able to construct an effective critique of that argument. The book is accompanied by a workbook featuring a wealth of examples to help students acquire the material.

In the past 15 years a host of critical thinking books have appeared that teach students to find flaws in the arguments of others by learning to detect a number of informal fallacies. This book is not in that tradition. The authors of this book believe that while students learn to become vicious critics, they still continue to make the very mistakes they criticize in others. Thus, this book has adopted the approach of teaching the construction of good arguments first and then introducing criticism as a secondary skill. Moreover, the emphasis of the book is not on learning to name fallacies, but on being able to identify weaknesses in an argument so as to be able to construct an effective critique of that argument. The book is accompanied by a workbook featuring a wealth of examples to help students acquire the material.

Teaching writing that is relevant to your students and their futures What kind of writing do we do beyond school? It certainly isn’t the well known  5-paragraph essay or tight iambic pentameter. In today’s workforce, the purpose of writing is to communicate complex ideas specific to career fields. Students need more than simply mastering academic writing, so Teaching Writing From Content Classroom to Career shows how to combine writing instruction teachers already share – language selection, tone, voice, audience, organization, and style – with meaningful writing tasks so students can connect classroom writing to the world of work and their futures. Authors Maria C. Grant, Diane Lapp, and Marisol Thayre explain ways to show students how writing works in the world of work with: Ready-to-go lesson plans focused on relevant, world of work writing tasks and formats An overarching rubric of key skills as well as student-self-assessment rubrics to make instruction and implementation crystal clear Downloadable and reproducible tools for both students and teachers for ease of implementation Exemplar mentor texts from the workplace in multiple disciplines that showcase writing’s essential connections to workforce readiness Suggestions for using AI to generate exemplar texts, and Examples of how to be a successful communicator who knows how and when to move in and out of different modes of language. Full of tools, resources, and strategies that are easy to implement and seamlessly overlay school writing curriculum, this book sets students on the path to academic and career success through writing.

Introduction Anthony J. Edis, Richard H. Egdahl, Tracy K. Mcintosh, Contents Lester F. Williams xi 1 Surgery of the Parathyroids General Introduction 1 SURGICAL ANATOMY Primary Hyperparathyroidism 7 PATHOLOGY 7 DIAGNOSIS 11 PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION STUDIES 22 TREATMENT 27 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 35 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS, COMPLICATIONS 35 CLINICAL MANAGEMENT 36 Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism 37 Operative Technique 38 CERVICAL EXPLORATION WITH REMOVAL OF A PARATHYROID ADENOMA 46 SUBTOTAL PARATHYROIDECTOMY FOR HYPERPLASIA 59 PARATHYROIDECTOMY FOR CARCINOMA 60 MEDIASTINAL EXPLORATION FOR PARATHYROID TUMOR 61 References 66 2 Surgery of the Thyroid 71 General Introduction 71 SURGICAL ANATOMY 72 Nodular Goiter and Thyroid Carcinoma 79 PATHOLOGY 79 DIAGNOSIS 82 TREATMENT OF THYROID NODULES 94 TREATMENT OF THYROID CANCER RELATED TO PATHOLOGIC TYPE 97 Hyperthyroidism 110 Graves' Disease 111 PATHOLOGY 111 DIAGNOSIS 112 TREATMENT 115 Plummer's Disease 120 PATHOLOGY 120 DIAGNOSIS 120 TREATMENT 122 Complications of Thyroid Surgery 123 PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT 123 viii CONTENTS 127 Operative Techniques TOTAL THYROID LOBECTOMY 127 REMOVAL OF A SUBSTERNAL GOITER 134 SUBTOTAL THYROID LOBECTOMY 136 MODIFIED NECK DISSECTION FOR PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA 141 References 144 3 Surgery of the Adrenals 151 151 General Introduction SURGICAL ANATOMY 152 Pheochromocytoma 155 PATHOLOGY 155 156 DIAGNOSIS PREOPERATIVE 162 TREATMENT 166 172 Primary Aldosteronism PATHOLOGY 172 DIAGNOSIS 174 178 PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION STUDIES TREATMENT 180 Cushing's Syndrome 181 CLASSIFICATION 182 DIAGNOSIS 187 PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION STUDIES 192 TREATMENT 194 Adrenal Gland and Metastatic Breast Carcinoma 198 Adrenocortical Carcinoma 200 DIAGNOSIS 201 PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION STUDIES AND STAGING 201 TREATMENT 202 PROGNOSIS 203 Nonfunctioning Adrenal Tumors 203

Firefighters and other emergency first responders use a huge variety of highly specialized and critical technologies for personal protection. These technologies, ranging from GPS to environmental sensing to communication devices, often run on different systems with separate power supplies and operating platforms. How these technological components function in a single synergistic system is of critical interest to firefighter end-users seeking efficient tools. Interoperable ESE states that a standardized platform for electronic safety equipment (ESE) is both logical and essential. This book develops an inventory of existing and emerging electronic equipment categorized by key areas of interest to the fire service, documents equipment performance requirements relevant to interoperability, including communications and power requirements, and develops an action plan toward the development of requirements to meet the needs of emergency responders. This book is intended for practitioners as a tool for understanding interoperability concepts and the requirements of the fire service landscape. It offers clear recommendations for the future to help ensure efficiency and safety with fire protection equipment. Researchers working in a related field will also find the book valuable.

The successful application of x-r~ diffraction techniques and x-r~ spectrometry depends in large measure on the availability of dependable standards and reference data. The preparation of such standards in the fields of metallurgy, geology, life sciences, and other disciplines is both costly and time consuming. As a result. the necessary standards for effective utilization of existing instrumentation are often not available. One of the purposes of the invited papers in this 22nd Annual Denver X-Ray Conference was tc review the status of programs to prepare such standards and reference data. Simultaneously, it seemed appropriate to examine the role of sampling both in terms of standards and samples to be analyzed. The first section of the invited papers focuses on the standards and reference data problems. In addition, many of the contributed papers offer information on this theme. The second topic in the invited papers consi ders the problem of sampling. If we recognize that analyses are conducted on samples which vary in size from several grams to a few micrograms or less, the magnitude of the random and systematic error components of sam pling on the quality of results should be obvious. Many of the contributed papers in such fields as air pollution and similar disciplines speak clear ly to the difficulty of obtaining "representative" samples. The papers contained in this volume and the many lively discussions such as the panel discussion at the close of the first session of papers should stimulate further attention to this vital topic.

Contributing authors share a deep commitment to naming ways in which social exclusion has diminished the educational and life chances of many students in our various sites of work and regions of the world - and to moving the discourse and action beyond pedagogies of exclusion to a more visionary and inclusive praxis.