Realistic writers seek to render accurate representations of the world, and their novels contain authentic details and descriptions of their characters and settings. Like Realistic authors, Naturalistic ones similarly try to portray the world accurately, but they tend to depict the darker side of life. Realism was born in Europe in the nineteenth century and soon became popular in the United States, while Naturalism became prominent at the beginning of the twentieth century. Both traditions have continued in one form or another to the present day, and Realistic and Naturalistic novelists include some of America's most significant authors, such as Sherwood Anderson, Saul Bellow, Ambrose Bierce, Willa Cather, Theodore Dreiser, Ralph Ellison, and Jack London. This reference includes biographical and critical entries for more than 120 American Naturalistic and Realistic novelists.

An introductory essay discusses the history of the Realistic and Naturalistic traditions, points to the difficulty of defining them, and surveys the many authors who have been associated with the two movements. The entries that follow are arranged alphabetically to facilitate use. Each includes basic biographical information and a narrative overview of the writer's educational background, professional career, and published works. The writer's works are briefly discussed in relation to the Realistic and Naturalistic traditions. Entries include primary and secondary bibliographies, and the volume closes with a list of works for further reading.

Literary journalism, a specific type of new journalism, utilizes descriptive detail, realistic dialogue, and dramatic literary techniques to enliven nonfiction reporting. Features of literary journalism have been employed for centuries, and thus it is misleading to call it new. The entries in this reference provide biographical information and critical commentary on literary journalists and editors ranging from Daniel Defoe to Charles Dickens, and Mark Twain to Truman Capote, Joseph Wambaugh, and Bill Moyers. Entries frequently include quotations that exemplify the critical response to the journalist's work, and the volume closes with a bibliography. Though literary journalism is a particular type of new journalism, its techniques have been used by writers for centuries. Some early practitioners include Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, and Daniel Defoe. Literary journalists use dramatic literary techniques to enliven nonfiction accounts of historical events. Thus literary journalism typically combines solid reporting with extensive descriptive detail, realistic dialogue, a subjective point of view, and other characteristics of fiction writing. Contemporary authors continue to employ literary journalism in their works, which range from newspaper columns to historical novels. This reference is a valuable guide to the development and practice of literary journalism. The volume begins with an introductory essay that places literary journalism within the larger context of new journalism and explains the origins of literary journalism as a form of writing. The bulk of the reference provides alphabetically arranged biographical entries for more than 150 writers and editors involved with literary journalism. Included are profiles of early figures such as Charles Dickens and Mark Twain, along with modern writers such as Truman Capote, George Plimpton, and Mike Royko. Entries survey and assess the careers of the writers and editors, provide bibliographical information, and often include quotations exemplifying the critical response to the person's work. The volume closes with a selected bibliography.

In 1794, Friedrich Schiller declared that "beauty is the only possible expression of freedom in phenomena." German Freedom and the Greek Ideal traces this German idea of freedom from the late Enlightenment through the early twentieth century. It focuses on the stars of German intellectual and artistic life in the nineteenth century, with illuminating accounts of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gottfried Semper, Richard Wagner, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Thomas Mann. Delving deeply into their works, McGrath shows how they invoked the ancient Greeks to in order to inspire Germans to cultural renewal and to enrich their understanding of freedom as something deeper and more urgent than political life could offer.

Beginning with an exposition of the four most widely argued theories of the press, this book goes on to explore several critical perspectives on the tasks and roles of print and broadcast news media in the United States. The author sets out critical analyses of several hotly debated issues, including news balance and objectivity, freedom of the press, and news coverage of minorities. After an appraisal of the present condition of journalism education in the United States, the author provides both complete and annotated professional guidelines and mission statements from key advertising, broadcasting, and print media organizations.

Profiling such luminaries as Benjamin Franklin, P. T. Barnum, John Wanamaker, and Harley Procter, this book examines the contributions that several prominent individuals have made to advertising in America. The work opens with a discussion of Colonial advertising and the printers, such as Benjamin Franklin, who created it. It then goes on to consider early advertising agents such as Francis Wayland Ayer and the contributions of the great promoter P. T. Barnum.

Lydia PinkhaM's Vegetable Compound and the advertising of patent medicines is also covered, as is John Wanamaker's impact on retail advertising. The book then examines the advertising style of Albert Lasker, owner of Lord and Thomas advertising agency, as well as Harley Procter's advertising of Ivory soap and Procter & Gamble's first 100 years. Elliot White Springs's use of sex in advertising and the Springs Cotton Mills advertising campaign of the 1940s and 1950s concludes the volume.

This reference provides extended biographical profiles of 54 men and women who have shaped advertising from the 19th century to the present. The profiles provide basic biographical information and discuss their careers and contributions in detail. Each entry concludes with a bibliography of works by and about the subject and a list of major clients and advertising campaigns. The volume closes with a selected bibliography of works for further reading. Included are copywriters, key business people from major agencies, and people who contributed to advertising theory and psychology.

This book traces this German idea of freedom from the late Enlightenment through the early twentieth century. McGrath shows how German intellectual and artists invoked the ancient Greeks in order to inspire Germans to cultural renewal and to enrich their understanding of freedom as something deeper and more urgent that political life could offer.