An important contribution to the growing body of work on Latin American policy making in education, this volume presents a critical analysis of the conflicts and contradictions inherent in educational policy planning in Mexico since the early 1970s. In an effort to forge a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the processes involved, the authors examine the complex relationships among the politics of a corporative State built on the remains of a revolutionary tradition, the current model of associated-dependent development, and the process of policy formation in formal and nonformal education. Analysis of specific cases enables the authors to present an overview of the factors involved in the designing, planing, and implementation of educational policies in Mexico, as well as assessing the effects of educational change on the poorest sectors of its society.

Morales-Gomez and Torres begin by analyzing some of the political economy factors that historically have determined the current process of associate-dependent development in Mexico and how they have evolved and shaped the role of education in the country. They show how educational policies and practices are affected by the processes of sociopolitical change that underly the formation and evolution of the corporatist State. A critical review of the structure and functioning of the educational system in Mexico precedes three case studies of formal and nonformal education that illustrate the relationships among the predominant ideas shaping current development in the country, the process of policy formation in education, and the actual practice of formal and nonformal education. The first case study examines primary education as a manifestation of the contradictions in educational policy; the second focuses on some of the nonformal initiatives carried out by the government over the last two decades; and the third looks at adult workers' education.

The purpose of this contributed volume is to examine the links among research, policy, and change in education in Latin America in the context of the relationships between the economy, politics, and the state in the 1980s. The case analyses will discuss the challenges these societies face in education in their progression towards the twenty-first century.

In its various sections, the book addresses the following questions: How did education respond during the 1980s to the major sociopolitical and economic changes that affected these countries? How did the changes in the 1980s affect the relationships between education, society, and the state, and what lessons can be learned from the interaction between research and policy that may help in understanding the developmental role of education in the 1990s? And is educational research and policy helping to improve the social condition of minorities in Latin America? This volume will be of interest to scholars and policymakers in Latin American studies, educational research, education policy, and educational planning.

This book provides a critical sociology of religion in Latin America. Its purpose is to discuss the notion of religion as part of social, cultural, and political processes in capitalist societies, drawing on the classics of sociological thought (Marx, Durkheim, Weber, and Gramsci). Thus, churches are analyzed as organized institutions of religious mediation intimately linked to the production of social, cultural, and political hegemony in Latin America. The Catholic Church, the dominant church in the region, is analyzed in terms of its different faces, changes, and transformations from conquest and colonization through the changing winds of Vatican II to the revolutionary experiences of the popular church in the 1970s and 1980s.

This work will be of interest to scholars of Latin American studies, politics, religion, culture, and sociology. It also speaks to theologians and philosophers working in Latin America.

A supplemental text with a fresh, bold edge, Challenges of Urban Education includes a range of topics from quantitative analyses of student demographics to the description and analysis of urban high school students' creative writing. The book bridges the dualisms of local and global, theory and practice, and structure and agency. It furthers the advancement of "the new sociology of education" by making connections between the social context of urban schooling and the lives of the individuals who are affected by it.

Sociology of Education discusses emerging theoretical and methodological approaches to the field of sociology of education. These emerging perspectives focus on the scholarship of class, race, gender and the state in education, and open up new avenues for theoretical and empirical work in the field. Anyone concerned with issues of quality and equality of educational opportunities and the social context of education will find Sociology of Education not only exciting but also useful in promoting new ways of thinking about and acting upon educational reform.

Torres here brings a unique theoretical perspective to the study of the politics of nonformal education in Latin America. Using the literacy programs in several Latin American countries--including Mexico, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Grenada--as the prime examples of adult educational reform, Torres examines such issues as: Why are given educational policies created? How are they constructed, planned, and implemented? Who are the most relevant actors in their formulation and operationalization? What are the implications of such policies for both clients and the broader society? What are the fundamental, systematic, and organizational processes involved? Throughout, Torres uses an approach based on a political sociology and informed by political economy analysis. Challenging the established assumptions of mainstream adult and nonformal education, he argues persuasively that, rather than providing new training for the labor force or attempting to improve the living conditions of the poor, the nonformal education policies in Latin America have played an integral role in governments' attempts to legitimize the capitalist state.

Torres begins by addressing some of the basic problems of illiteracy and adult education in Latin America. He then offers a brief overview of the relations between the state and education, which sets the stage for the theoretical discussion in the following chapters. Subsequent chapters analyze the political economy of adult education in Latin America and explore the political implications of adult education and literacy training. An in-depth study of education reform in socialist-oriented countries contrasts the pre- and post-revolutionary situation in adult education in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Grenada. The national system of adult education in Mexico during the late 1970s and early 1980s also receives extended treatment. Finally, Torres presents both a theoretical and methodological perspective for the study of adult education policy formation and a new agenda for research inspired by the political sociology of education. Students and scholars of Latin American studies and comparative education will find this work an important catalyst for further work on the politics of education in Latin America.

Comparative Education Emergent Trends: The Dialectic of the Global and the Local addresses the changes and multiple new topics that intervene in education vis a vis processes of globalization, social transformation, and the challenges to education. As such, it complements and expands the scope of the 5th edition of Comparative Education. Chapters systematically examine the intersecting global crises in society and education occasioned by COVID-19, across types and levels of education, geographic and linguistic contexts, and fields of theory and practice. Topics addressed include the African ethic Ubuntu, Global Citizenship Education (GCE), UNESCO, STEM, teacher education, low-fee schools, social movements and protest, ecopedagogy, sustainability, media and technology, testing, and economics of education. Furthermore, this book offers some insight in how education systems can contribute to environmental social justice. Various authors, as with those in the 5th edition of Comparative Education, employ social-justice-oriented ways of viewing the global-regional-local dialectics that shape working of education systems with regard to who pays and who benefits from current policy initiatives around the world.

Now in its 5th edition, Comparative Education: The Dialectic of the Global and the Local has established itself as the state-of-the art, comprehensive as well as complex framework for taking into the dynamic interactions of local, national, regional, and transnational interactions shaping education systems around the world. Our theoretical and methodological strategy for this volume has proven effective as a standard textbook for introducing the field of comparative education from various theoretical and methodological perspectives.The 5th edition welcomes Lauren Misasziek of Beijing National University as co-editor.

Now in its 5th edition, Comparative Education: The Dialectic of the Global and the Local has established itself as the state-of-the art, comprehensive as well as complex framework for taking into the dynamic interactions of local, national, regional, and transnational interactions shaping education systems around the world. Our theoretical and methodological strategy for this volume has proven effective as a standard textbook for introducing the field of comparative education from various theoretical and methodological perspectives.The 5th edition welcomes Lauren Misasziek of Beijing National University as co-editor.

Comparative Education Emergent Trends: The Dialectic of the Global and the Local addresses the changes and multiple new topics that intervene in education vis a vis processes of globalization, social transformation, and the challenges to education. As such, it complements and expands the scope of the 5th edition of Comparative Education. Chapters systematically examine the intersecting global crises in society and education occasioned by COVID-19, across types and levels of education, geographic and linguistic contexts, and fields of theory and practice. Topics addressed include the African ethic Ubuntu, Global Citizenship Education (GCE), UNESCO, STEM, teacher education, low-fee schools, social movements and protest, ecopedagogy, sustainability, media and technology, testing, and economics of education. Furthermore, this book offers some insight in how education systems can contribute to environmental social justice. Various authors, as with those in the 5th edition of Comparative Education, employ social-justice-oriented ways of viewing the global-regional-local dialectics that shape working of education systems with regard to who pays and who benefits from current policy initiatives around the world.

The notion of global citizenship education (GCE) has emerged in the international education discourse in the context of the United Nations Education First Initiative that cites developing global citizens as one of its goals. In this book, the authors argue that GCE offers a new educational perspective for making sense of the existing dilemmas of multiculturalism and national citizenship deficits in diverse societies, taking into account equality, human rights and social justice. The authors explore how teaching and research may be implemented relating to the notion of global citizenship and discuss the intersections between the framework of GCE and multiculturalism. They address the three main topics which affect education in multicultural societies and in a globalized world, and which represent unsolved dilemmas: the issue of diversity in relation to creating citizens, the issue of equality and social justice in democratic societies, and the tension between the global and the local in a globalized world. Through a comparative study of the two prevailing approaches - intercultural education within the European Union and multicultural education in the United States - the authors seek what can be learned from each model. Global Citizenship Education and the Crises of Multiculturalism offers not only a unifying theoretical framework but also a set of policy recommendations aiming to link the two approaches.

In the first volume in the Critical Global Citizenship Education series, Torres combines theoretical and empirical research to present an original perspective on global citizenship education as a vitally important way of learning in a globalized world. In examining the requirements for effective global citizenship education and education reform, he investigates pathways to citizenship-building at the local, national and global levels and urges development of teaching methods, teacher education, and curriculum within a social justice education framework. Taking into account post-colonial perspectives, political realities at play, and practical implications, Torres provides a succinct but comprehensive understanding of how global citizenship education can expand the concept of civic education in a global society and interrupt inequality. This volume considers the ways that global citizenship education has been incorporated and is used by international institutions, governments, and the academy, and provides a clear framework for anyone struggling to make sense of the tensions and complexities of global citizenship education today.

In the first volume in the Critical Global Citizenship Education series, Torres combines theoretical and empirical research to present an original perspective on global citizenship education as a vitally important way of learning in a globalized world. In examining the requirements for effective global citizenship education and education reform, he investigates pathways to citizenship-building at the local, national and global levels and urges development of teaching methods, teacher education, and curriculum within a social justice education framework. Taking into account post-colonial perspectives, political realities at play, and practical implications, Torres provides a succinct but comprehensive understanding of how global citizenship education can expand the concept of civic education in a global society and interrupt inequality. This volume considers the ways that global citizenship education has been incorporated and is used by international institutions, governments, and the academy, and provides a clear framework for anyone struggling to make sense of the tensions and complexities of global citizenship education today.

This volume explores the complex relationships among universities, states, and markets throughout the Americas in light of the growing influence of globalization. It offers a biting critique of neoliberal globalization and its anti-democratic elements. In seeking to challenge the hegemony of neoliberal globalization, the authors highlight the ways in which corporate capitalism, academic capitalism, and increased militarization-both in the form of terrorism and in the international war against terrorism-are directing societies and institutions. Throughout this volume, the contributors-led by Noam Chomsky, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Raymond Morrow, Sheila Slaughter, and Atilio Boron-argue that neoliberal globalization has changed the context for academic work, research and development, science, and social responsibility at universities. They examine issues of access and social mobility, and argue that the recent push toward privatization limits the democratic and emancipatory possibilities of universities. Finally, the book explores various forms of resistance and discusses globalization in terms of social movements and global human rights. Contributors: Estela Mara Bensimon Atilio Alberto Boron Andrea Brewster Noam Chomsky Ana Loureiro Jurema Ken Kempner Marcela Mollis Raymond Morrow Imanol Ordorika Gary Rhoades Robert A. Rhoads Boaventura de Sousa Santos Daniel Schugurensky Sheila Slaughter Carlos Alberto Torres

Comprised of 230 entries written by 104 international scholars well-known in the field, this is the definitive resource on one of the most influential educators of the second half of the last century. The entries are more properly themes (or using Freirean language, generative themes) from Paulo Freire's work and include: Action-Reflection, Alienation, Otherness , Illiteracy, Activism, the Classroom, Autonomy, Authority, Authoritarianism, Evaluation, Citizenship, Culture circles, Social class, Coherence, Trust, Knowledge/knowing, Contradiction, Conflict, Popular culture, Epistemological curiosity, Decency, Human rights, Ecology, Professional education, State, Ethics, Exile, Existence, Experience, Family, Feminism, Phenomenology, Globalization, Indignation, Intersubjectivity, Cultural invasion, Interdisciplinarity, Freedom, Liberation Theology, Leadership, Marx/Marxism, Modernity/Post-modernity, Human nature, Participation, Pedagogy, Praxis, Teacher, Racism, Rigor/rigorousness (Methodological), Transcendence, Utopia, Violence, Ontological vocation.

This volume by noted critical education scholar Carlos Alberto Torres takes up the question of how structural changes in schooling and the growing impacts of neoliberalism and globalization affect social change, national development, and democratic educational systems throughout the world. The first section of the book offers analytical avenues to understand and criticize the practices and policies of neoliberal states, both domestically and internationally. More than a mere lament of the state of educational policy, however, Torres also documents the critiques and alternatives developed by social movements against neoliberal governments and policies. Ultimately, his work urges readers to engage in the struggle to resist the oppressive forces of neoliberal globalization, and proactively and deliberately act in informed ways to create a better world.

This volume by noted critical education scholar Carlos Alberto Torres takes up the question of how structural changes in schooling and the growing impacts of neoliberalism and globalization affect social change, national development, and democratic educational systems throughout the world. The first section of the book offers analytical avenues to understand and criticize the practices and policies of neoliberal states, both domestically and internationally. More than a mere lament of the state of educational policy, however, Torres also documents the critiques and alternatives developed by social movements against neoliberal governments and policies. Ultimately, his work urges readers to engage in the struggle to resist the oppressive forces of neoliberal globalization, and proactively and deliberately act in informed ways to create a better world.

Critique and utopia are two of the central concepts of the sociology of education, and they indeed exemplify the critical traditions in the sociology of education as a discipline. This book analyzes, using theoretical frameworks and empirical data, the state of the art of the sociology of education at the beginning of the century, offering a systematic criticism of the dominant theories, and findings in the sociology of education. Key chapters focus on theoreticians who have made an impact in the discipline, including Basil Bernstein, Pierre Bourdieu, Paulo Freire. Yet, there is much more than theoretical analysis in this book. It also offers insights for policy and practice in diverse areas of education, including the formal, nonformal, and informal modalities of educational praxis.

Critique and utopia are two of the central concepts of the sociology of education, and they indeed exemplify the critical traditions in the sociology of education as a discipline. This book analyzes, using theoretical frameworks and empirical data, the state of the art of the sociology of education at the beginning of the century, offering a systematic criticism of the dominant theories, and findings in the sociology of education. Key chapters focus on theoreticians who have made an impact in the discipline, including Basil Bernstein, Pierre Bourdieu, Paulo Freire. Yet, there is much more than theoretical analysis in this book. It also offers insights for policy and practice in diverse areas of education, including the formal, nonformal, and informal modalities of educational praxis.

This book offers a relevant sample of the current research on Latin American education in comparative perspective. In their introduction, Torres and Puiggros, two of the most recognized researchers of Latin American education, draw from political sociology of education, theories of the state, history of education, and deconstructionist theories to focus on changes in state formation in the region and its implications for the constitution of the pedagogical subject in public schools. Throughout the different chapters, the contributors present and analyze the most relevant topics, research agendas, and some of the key theoretical and political problems of Latin American education.

Globalization and Education explores the increasingly important dimensions of globalization as it affects educational policy and practice in nation-states around the world. Addressing such issues as feminism, multiculturalism, and new technology, this collection of original essays will broaden the context within which educational policy decisions are made.

This important book looks at developments that are changing our understanding of the role of education in citizenship and the possibilities of democratic participation. The first chapter reviews theories of citizenship and education based on the classical contributions to political theory of C.B. MacPherson and T.H. Marshall. The second chapter challenges educators to think more politically about education. It is based on a seminal analysis that shows the role education plays in the liberal, neoliberal, and neoconservative state, incorporating critical perspectives from neo-Marxism, postmodernism, and feminism. In chapter three Professor Torres analyzes the transition from the welfare state to the neoliberal state, including the role of international organizations in promoting educational reform and privatization policies. In the concluding chapter Torres draws on Hobbes, Locke, Jefferson, Kant, Hegel, Marx and other writers such as C. Mouffe and C. Pateman to outline contemporary approaches to multiculturalism in education and citizenship.

This volume explores the complex relationships among universities, states, and markets throughout the Americas in light of the growing influence of globalization. It offers a biting critique of neoliberal globalization and its anti-democratic elements. In seeking to challenge the hegemony of neoliberal globalization, the authors highlight the ways in which corporate capitalism, academic capitalism, and increased militarization-both in the form of terrorism and in the international war against terrorism-are directing societies and institutions. Throughout this volume, the contributors-led by Noam Chomsky, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Raymond Morrow, Sheila Slaughter, and Atilio Boron-argue that neoliberal globalization has changed the context for academic work, research and development, science, and social responsibility at universities. They examine issues of access and social mobility, and argue that the recent push toward privatization limits the democratic and emancipatory possibilities of universities. Finally, the book explores various forms of resistance and discusses globalization in terms of social movements and global human rights. Contributors: Estela Mara Bensimon Atilio Alberto Boron Andrea Brewster Noam Chomsky Ana Loureiro Jurema Ken Kempner Marcela Mollis Raymond Morrow Imanol Ordorika Gary Rhoades Robert A. Rhoads Boaventura de Sousa Santos Daniel Schugurensky Sheila Slaughter Carlos Alberto Torres