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Hmong American immigrants first came to the United States as
refugees of the Vietnam War. Forty years on, they have made a
notable impact in American political life. They have voter
participation rates higher than most other Asian American ethnic
groups, and they have won seats in local and state legislative
bodies. Yet the average level of education among Hmong Americans
still lags behind that of the general U.S. population and high
rates of poverty persist in their community, highlighting a curious
disparity across the typical benchmarks of immigrant incorporation.
Carolyn Wong analyzes how the Hmong came to pursue politics as a
key path to advancement and inclusion in the United States. Drawing
on interviews with community leaders, refugees, and the
second-generation children of immigrants, Wong shows that
intergenerational mechanisms of social voting underlie the
political participation of Hmong Americans. Younger Hmong Americans
engage older community residents in grassroots elections and
conversation about public affairs. And in turn, within families and
communities, elders often transmit stories that draw connections
between ancient Hmong aspirations for freedom and contemporary
American egalitarian projects.
In every decade since passage of the Hart Cellar Act of 1965,
Congress has faced conflicting pressures: to restrict legal
immigration and to provide employers with unregulated access to
migrant labor. Lobbying for Inclusion shows that in these debates
immigrant rights groups advocated a surprisingly moderate course of
action: expansionism was tempered by a politics of inclusion.
Rights advocates supported generous family unification policies,
for example, but they opposed proposals that would admit large
numbers of guest workers without providing a clear path to
citizenship. As leaders of pro-immigrant coalitions, Latino and
Asian American rights advocates were highly effective in
influencing immigration lawmakers even before their constituencies
gained political clout in the voting booth. Success depended on
casting rights demands in universalistic terms, while leveraging
their standing as representatives of growing minority populations.
This report presents an approach and framework for determining what
parties have authority to issue interoperability policy, the legal
and policy origins and implementation paths of the authority, and
the extent of the authority. The approach includes rigorous
analysis by researchers to identify pertinent authorities in
federal law and a means to facilitate discovery of roles and
responsibilities in Department of Defense and Service policies.
The challenge of securing U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)
information systems has grown significantly. A new approach to
information assurance certification and accreditation (IA C&A)
is needed to effectively extend the IA C&A process to
aggregations of systems and improve their security. An examination
of current policy shows that a number of changes could enable the
IA C&A of aggregations of DoD information systems on a common
platform.
Describes the adaptation of an R&D portfolio management
decision framework developed by RAND to support R&D
decisionmaking by the Office of Naval Research. 450-character
abstract: Describes the adaptation of an R&D portfolio
management decision framework developed by the RAND Corporation to
support R&D decisionmaking by the Office of Naval Research
(ONR), and the demonstration of its use by means of a case study
evaluation of 20 sample ONR applied-research projects. It allows
identification of R&D projects with high-value capabilities but
formidable technical or fielcling problems yet to be
solved-projects for which management attention may have the
greatest leverage.
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