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Lethal Violence: A Sourcebook on Fatal Domestic, Acquaintance and Stranger Aggression applies the lethal violence sequence analysis to a wide-ranging array of fatal aggression, resulting in a multitude of observations and principles of violence. This sourcebook provides base rate information and cases for each type of fatal interaction, then applies the knowledge to violence-related situations and settings.
Neuropsychology has become an increasingly active participant in
forensie issues over the past decade. This has been the result of
increased recognition by psychologists of the potential role they
can play in evaluating patients involved in lawsuits and the
increasing sophistication of lawyers who have recognized that
damages can go beyond claims of physical and motoric impairment.
However, this increase in involvement has not always been matched
by a more sophisticated recognition of how the client (whether
plaintiff or defendant) can best be served by the
neuropsychologist. I have personally seen or reviewed many cases in
which the psychologists involved did not effectively present their
case. This partially occurred because they failed to recognize the
difference in presentations aimed at clinical audiences and those
aimed at a legal proceeding. It also occurred because they failed
to recognize that the standard of proof necessary is very different
in a hospital and in a courtroom. Finally, it occurred because they
rarely recognized what the unique role of the psychologist can be
in either countering or supporting the testimony of medical
specialists. The purpose of this volume is to bring some light on
these questions. The presentations here are write-ups of the work
presented at the Third Annual Conference on the Luria-Nebraska
Neuropsychological Battery held in Omaha during May, 1985. All of
the papers emphasize the role of the Luria-Nebraska but the ideas
can be used with almost any test.
The inter-comparison of specific skills as represented by
performance on neu- psychological tests is at the heart of the
neuropsychological assessment process. However, there is a tendency
to regard the interpretation of single tests as a process that is
independent of performance on other tests, with integration of test
information representing a summary of these individual test
performances. As neuropsychology has become increasingly
sophisticated, it has been recognized that many factors influence
the performance on any given test. The meaning of the same score
may vary considerably from one person to another, depending on his
or her performance on other neuropsychological tests. Thus, a low
score on the Halstead Category Test may indeed reflect frontal lobe
damage, but only if we first rule out the influence of
visual-spatial problems, emotionality, attentional issues,
motivation, fatigue, and comprehension of the instructions.
Simplistic interpre- tions that assume a common interpretation
based on a specific score will inva- ably lead to errors in
interpretation and conclusions. The purpose of this book is to
provide each test that is described with a compendium of the
possible interpretations that can be used with a variety of common
tests that are often included in a neuropsychological test battery.
The first chapter discusses some of the pitfalls and cautions when
comparing the tests, while the second chapter examines
administrative and scoring issues that may be unclear or
unavailable for a given test.
Clinical neuropsychology has become a field of major prominence dur
ing the past several years, as well as a field of great complexity.
As a result of the extensive amount of activity that
neuropsychology has experienced recently, two major developments
have emerged. First, several approaches have evolved regarding
comprehensive neuro psychological assessment. There are presently
several standard test bat teries in common use, as well as an
approach to assessment that does not make use of standard
batteries, but rather fits the evaluation accom plished to the
particular diagnostic problems presented by the indi vidual
patient. Second, a great deal of specialization has emerged, with
assessment procedures developed for evaluation of specific types of
neuropsychological deficit. The purpose of this volume is to review
these developments, particularly with reference to their
implications for application in clinical settings. The history of
this book's development is of particular interest. Some years ago,
the Veterans Administration became concerned with developing an
optimal method of neuropsychological assessment for its many
health-care related facilities. Initially, the problem was con
ceptualized in terms of whether the VA should encourage wider use
of the long-established Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test
Battery (HRB) or promote more extensive use of the recently
developed Luria Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery (LNNB). A
conference was funded to bring together authorities in clinical
neuropsychology to dis cuss this matter and present a series of
papers to invited psychologists from various VA facilities."
In the last decade, neuropsychology has grown from a small
subspecialty to a major component in the practice of clinical and
medical psychology. This growth has been caused by advances in
psychological testing (such as the Halstead-Reitan
neuropsychological battery, as discussed in Chapter 5) that have
made evaluation techniques in the field available to a wider
audience, by advances in neuroradiol ogy and related medical areas
that have enabled us to better understand the struc ture and
function of the brain in living individuals without significant
potential harm to those individuals, and by increased interest by
psychologists and other scientists in the role that the brain plays
in determining behavior. Many disorders that were believed by many
to be caused purely by learning or environment have been shown to
relate, at least in some cases, to brain dysfunction or damage.
With the growth of the field, there has been increased interest in
the work of neuropsychologists by many who are not in the field."
Neuropsychology has become an increasingly active participant in
forensie issues over the past decade. This has been the result of
increased recognition by psychologists of the potential role they
can play in evaluating patients involved in lawsuits and the
increasing sophistication of lawyers who have recognized that
damages can go beyond claims of physical and motoric impairment.
However, this increase in involvement has not always been matched
by a more sophisticated recognition of how the client (whether
plaintiff or defendant) can best be served by the
neuropsychologist. I have personally seen or reviewed many cases in
which the psychologists involved did not effectively present their
case. This partially occurred because they failed to recognize the
difference in presentations aimed at clinical audiences and those
aimed at a legal proceeding. It also occurred because they failed
to recognize that the standard of proof necessary is very different
in a hospital and in a courtroom. Finally, it occurred because they
rarely recognized what the unique role of the psychologist can be
in either countering or supporting the testimony of medical
specialists. The purpose of this volume is to bring some light on
these questions. The presentations here are write-ups of the work
presented at the Third Annual Conference on the Luria-Nebraska
Neuropsychological Battery held in Omaha during May, 1985. All of
the papers emphasize the role of the Luria-Nebraska but the ideas
can be used with almost any test.
Clinical Neuropsychology is a vast and varied field that focuses on
the treatment, assessment and diagnosis of a range of cognitive
disorders through a study and understanding of neuroanatomy and the
relationship between the brain and human behavior. This handbook
focuses on specific Neuropsychological disorders. It covers each of
the classification systems involved before moving on to specific
types of disorders from neurodevelopmental to neuropathological as
well as brain injuries, trauma and neurodegenerative disorders.
This handbook not only provides an in-depth overview of these
Neuropsychological disorders, but also explores the history of the
field as well its global challenges. The handbook is an essential
tool for clinicians and scientists, as well as postgraduate
students and researchers in a range of disciplines exploring the
area. PART I BACKGROUND CONSIDERATIONS PART II NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDERS PART III NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS PART IV NEUROCOGNITIVE
DISORDERS PART V TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY PART VI PSYCHIATRIC
DISORDERS
The term chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has recently gained
a significant amount of media coverage. However, a large proportion
of the information disseminated through the media pertaining to the
etiology, neuropathology, and clinical manifestations of CTE are
not corroborated by empirical research, and are disputed by
prominent researchers who study sports related head injury. This
book reviews the existing literature pertaining to these components
of CTE and includes unique case studies of several retired NFL
players that received a comprehensive neuropsychological battery
from a board certified neuropsychologist, among other populations.
It investigates the claim that CTE causes depression, violent
behavior, and an increased risk for suicide by providing an in
depth discussion using empirical data. Highlighting the importance
of adhering to post concussion protocol and appreciating the
long-term consequences of repeated head trauma, this unique review
of the current research on CTE will be useful to students and
professionals in psychology and neurology.
This concise reference clarifies the gray areas between traumatic
brain injury and PTSD while providing an empirically sound
framework for neuropsychological evaluation and differential
diagnosis. Its extended research review summarizes findings on key
topics including the neuroanatomy of brain injury, test battery
design and selection, and the salience of accurate diagnosis to
ensuring appropriate specialized treatment. The authors offer the
possibility of combined diagnosis as well as injuries that may fall
through the diagnostic cracks, and consider possible relationships
between TBI, PTSD, and the dementias, including Alzheimer's
disease. This knowledge base and the practical guidelines it
informs are presented so that readers can better: * Understand the
clinical distinctions between TBI and PTSD, and among forms of TBI.
* Recognize cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and social components
of the disorders. * Identify skill areas for neuropsychological
evaluation of patients. * Select appropriate instruments for
individualized assessment.* Address test administration and
interpretation concerns. * Make an accurate differential diagnosis
between PTSD and TBI. With its sharp focus on the nuances of trauma
and recovery, The Intercorrelation of Traumatic Brain Injury and
PTSD in Neuropsychological Evaluations will find a wide, interested
audience among psychologists, neuropsychologists, neurologists,
psychiatrists, social workers, mental health counselors,
undergraduate and graduate level students, and researchers. In
addition, this text may be useful for those interested in
psychology and neurology. <
This book focuses on the importance of using a brain-behavior
relationship framework for the successful use of neuropsychological
evaluations for courtroom purposes. It stresses the need to
understand the offender as a unique individual assessed accordingly
from cognitive and personality perspectives. The desired goal is to
reach a more nuanced evaluation rather than a compilation of test
scores. This book clearly explains the circumstances that prevent
proper testing including batteries that are confusing or
frustrating to the person being tested or those that cause fatigue
thus interfering with an appropriate picture of cognitive, motor
and sensory skills. Irrelevance of some tests for addressing the
reason for referral is also covered as is the importance of setting
and adequate time for evaluation. When dealing with court cases
involving the violent offender the evaluation is critical to the
establishment of the factors that motivated the crime. In most
cases the issue is not insanity but rather an understanding for
legal purposes of the cognitive and emotional processes that
explain how a crime occurred. This book provides a concise overview
of the issues involved and how to provide the best scientific
information to satisfy the pursuit of justice.
Clinical Neuropsychology is a vast and varied field that focuses on
the treatment, assessment and diagnosis of a range of cognitive
disorders through a study and understanding of neuroanatomy and the
relationship between the brain and human behavior. This handbook
focuses on the assessment, diagnosis and rehabilitation of
cognitive disorders. It provides in-depth coverage on a variety of
content, including psychometrics, neuropsychological test batteries
(computer based cognitive assessment systems) and assessment
applications. This handbook is vital for clinical
neuropsychologists and postgraduate students and researchers hoping
to apply a knowledge of neuropsychology to clinical settings and
effectively assess, diagnose and treat patients suffering from
cognitive disorders. PART I BACKGROUND CONSIDERATIONS PART II
DOMAIN-SPECIFIC NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES PART III GENERAL
COGNITIVE TEST BATTERIES PART IV LEGACY NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST
BATTERIES PART V COMPUTERISED BATTERIES, TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND
TELENEUROPSYCHOLOGY PART VI NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
APPLICATIONS
The inter-comparison of specific skills as represented by
performance on neu- psychological tests is at the heart of the
neuropsychological assessment process. However, there is a tendency
to regard the interpretation of single tests as a process that is
independent of performance on other tests, with integration of test
information representing a summary of these individual test
performances. As neuropsychology has become increasingly
sophisticated, it has been recognized that many factors influence
the performance on any given test. The meaning of the same score
may vary considerably from one person to another, depending on his
or her performance on other neuropsychological tests. Thus, a low
score on the Halstead Category Test may indeed reflect frontal lobe
damage, but only if we first rule out the influence of
visual-spatial problems, emotionality, attentional issues,
motivation, fatigue, and comprehension of the instructions.
Simplistic interpre- tions that assume a common interpretation
based on a specific score will inva- ably lead to errors in
interpretation and conclusions. The purpose of this book is to
provide each test that is described with a compendium of the
possible interpretations that can be used with a variety of common
tests that are often included in a neuropsychological test battery.
The first chapter discusses some of the pitfalls and cautions when
comparing the tests, while the second chapter examines
administrative and scoring issues that may be unclear or
unavailable for a given test.
Clinicians within the fields of neuropsychology and school
psychology may find this text to be a useful guide in understanding
and assessing the disparate learning disorders. This resource
reviews the extant literature regarding the current status of
diagnosis, conceptualization, and evaluative methods of reading,
mathematics, writing, and nonverbal learning disorders.
Interventions will be elucidated regarding the remediation of the
various subtypes of learning disorders. This book is specifically
tailored to aid busy clinicians and students-in-training in
accruing the clinical acumen pertinent to assessment of learning
disorders. Case studies are included that will give a look into
types of cases and profiles clinicians will often come across in
practice.
Clinicians within the fields of neuropsychology and school
psychology may find this text to be a useful guide in understanding
and assessing intellectual disabilities. This resource will provide
information regarding the current status of diagnosis,
conceptualization, and evaluative methods of intellectual
disabilities. Interventions regarding the remediation of the
various subtypes of intellectual disabilities will be provided as
well as case studies. The focus of this resource is to provide
clinicians and students with valuable information in the diagnosis,
evaluation and interventions regarding intellectual disabilities.
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