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Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the
other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults.
We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people
show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or
delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the
prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers
hope that public health interventions will be effective in
preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the
research and clinical communities have focused primarily on
understanding and treating these conditions after they have
developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these
conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of
success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a
growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing
Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current
state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline
and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report
provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in
public health messages from the National Institute on Aging. Table
of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Communicating
with the Public about Interventions to Prevent Cognitive Decline
and Dementia 3 Methodological Improvements 4 Priorities for Future
Research Appendix A: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
(AHRQ) Systematic Review Appendix B: Public Meeting Agendas
Appendix C: Biosketches of Committee Members
On April 23 and 24, 2019 the Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous
System Disorders convened a workshop titled "Advancing
Gene-Targeted Therapies for Central Nervous System Disorders" in
Washington, DC. This public workshop brought together experts and
key stakeholders from academia, government, industry, philanthropic
foundations, and disease/patient-focused nonprofit organizations to
explore approaches for advancing the development of gene-targeted
therapies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and
implications of developing these therapies. Participants explored
lessons learned from both successful and unsuccessful clinical
development programs; new knowledge about the genetic underpinnings
of brain disorders; the current status and future potential of
gene-targeted therapies for CNS disorders; challenges and potential
solutions for translating preclinical findings to approved
therapies; and patient and caregiver perspectives. They also
discussed what will be needed to develop these therapies for common
disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as
neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders such as
schizophrenia and autism. The workshop included approaches that
target both DNA and RNA, as well as gene products using viral
vectors, antisense oligonucleotides, and RNA interference. This
publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the
workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction and
Overview 2 Exploring the Current Landscape of Central Nervous
System Gene-Targeted Therapies 3 Gene-Targeted Therapy Approaches
for Central Nervous System Disorders: Opportunities and Challenges
4 Translating Gene-Targeted Therapies from Bench to Bedside 5
Meaningful Engagement of Patients and Families 6 Future Directions
in the Development of Gene-Targeted Therapies Appendix A:
References Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Registered
Attendees
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Neuroforensics - Exploring the Legal Implications of Emerging Neurotechnologies: Proceedings of a Workshop (Paperback)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Science, Technology, and Law, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Sciences Policy, …
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R1,183
Discovery Miles 11 830
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Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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Technological advances in noninvasive neuroimaging,
neurophysiology, genome sequencing, and other methods together with
rapid progress in computational and statistical methods and data
storage have facilitated large-scale collection of human genomic,
cognitive, behavioral, and brain-based data. The rapid development
of neurotechnologies and associated databases has been mirrored by
an increase in attempts to introduce neuroscience and behavioral
genetic evidence into legal proceedings. In March 2018, the
National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine organized a
workshop in order to explore the current uses of neuroscience and
bring stakeholders from neuroscience and legal societies together
in both the United Kingdom and the United States. Participants
worked together to advance an understanding of neurotechnologies
that could impact the legal system and the state of readiness to
consider these technologies and where appropriate, to integrate
them into the legal system. This publication summarizes the
presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents
Front Matter 1 Introduction and Background 2 Use of
Neurotechnologies and Neuroscience in Legal Settings: Case Studies
3 Looking into the Future: Novel Uses of Emerging Neurotechnologies
with Potential Legal Applications 4 Developing a Framework for Use
of Evidence from Emerging Neurotechnologies 5 Moving Forward:
Potential Next Steps Appendix A References Appendix B Workshop
Agenda Appendix C Registered Attendees
Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent, costly, and disabling
health conditions in the United States. Estimates show that more
than 11 percent of the American population suffer from chronic
pain, yet the federal pain research investment has been minimal. In
parallel with a gradual increased recognition of the problems of
treating chronic pain, the opioid epidemic has emerged as a growing
public health emergency. The intersection of these two crises lies
in the fact that an unintended consequence of treating pain has
been an increasing number of opioid prescriptions and diversion of
drugs for illicit purposes. In May 2017, the National Institutes of
Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse announced a
public?private partnership to develop solutions to the opioid
crisis and cut in half the time it takes to develop non-addictive
analgesics. To advance the planning of NIH's anticipated
public?private partnerships, the National Academies' Forum on
Neuroscience and Nervous Systems Disorders hosted a public workshop
that brought together a diverse group of stakeholders from
academia, federal agencies, advocacy organizations and companies
developing therapeutics for pain and opioid use disorders.
Participants discussed potential strategies to accelerate
development of non-addictive pain medications and treatments for
opioid use disorders. This publication summarizes the presentations
and discussions from the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1
Introduction and Background 2 Exploring Challenges to Developing
Treatments for Pain and Opioid Use Disorders 3 Exploring the State
of the Science and Preclinical Models for Pain Therapeutic
Development 4 Clinical Development of Non-Addictive Pain
Medications 5 Therapeutic Development for Opioid Use Disorders and
Overdose Prevention and Reversal 6 PublicPrivate Partnerships to
Advance Pain and Opioid Use Disorders Research and Development
Appendix A References Appendix B Workshop Agenda Appendix C
Registered Attendees
From its very beginning, neuroscience has been fundamentally
interdisciplinary. As a result of rapid technological advances and
the advent of large collaborative projects, however, neuroscience
is expanding well beyond traditional subdisciplines and
intellectual boundaries to rely on expertise from many other
fields, such as engineering, computer science, and applied
mathematics. This raises important questions about to how to
develop and train the next generation of neuroscientists to ensure
innovation in research and technology in the neurosciences. In
addition, the advent of new types of data and the growing
importance of large datasets raise additional questions about how
to train students in approaches to data analysis and sharing. These
concerns dovetail with the need to teach improved scientific
practices ranging from experimental design (e.g., powering of
studies and appropriate blinding) to improved sophistication in
statistics. Of equal importance is the increasing need not only for
basic researchers and teams that will develop the next generation
of tools, but also for investigators who are able to bridge the
translational gap between basic and clinical neuroscience.
Developing a 21st Century Neuroscience Workforce is the summary of
a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on
Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders on October 28 and
29,2014, in Washington, DC, to explore future workforce needs and
how these needs should inform training programs. Workshop
participants considered what new subdisciplines and collaborations
might be needed, including an examination of opportunities for
cross-training of neuroscience research programs with other areas.
In addition, current and new components of training programs were
discussed to identify methods for enhancing data handling and
analysis capabilities, increasing scientific accuracy, and
improving research practices. This report highlights the
presentation and discussion of the workshop. Table of Contents
Front Matter 1 Introduction and Overview 2 Training Neuroscientists
in Basic Research, Tool and Technology Development, and Big Data 3
Improving Training in Protocol Design, Experimental Rigor, and
Quantitative Skills 4 Training in Transdisciplinary Research 5
Enhancing Training to Support Translational Research Appendix A:
References Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Registered
Attendees Appendix D: Participant Biographies
During public health emergencies such as terrorist attacks or
influenza outbreaks, the public health system's ability to save
lives could depend on dispensing medical countermeasures such as
antibiotics, antiviral medications, and vaccines to a large number
of people in a short amount of time. The IOM's Forum on Medical and
Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events held a workshop
on November 18, 2009, to provide an overview of current threats,
recent progress made in the public health system for distributing
and dispensing countermeasures, and remaining vulnerabilities.
Neurodegeneration: Exploring Commonalities Across Diseases is the
summary of a workshop hosted by the Institute of Medicine\'s
(IOM\'s) Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders in
Spring 2012 to explore commonalities across neurodegenerative
diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease,
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia
(FTD). Participants from academia; pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industries; government agencies such as the National Institutes of
Health and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA); patient
advocacy groups; and private foundations presented and identified
potential opportunities for collaboration across the respective
research and development communities. This report identifies and
discusses commonalities related to genetic and cellular mechanisms,
identifies areas of fundamental science needed to facilitate
therapeutics development, and explores areas of potential
collaboration among the respective research communities.
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer\'s disease,
Parkinson\'s disease, ALS, and FTD, are becoming increasingly
prevalent in the United States due to an aging population.
Implications are grave for quality of life and health care costs.
Research on neurodegenerative diseases has expanded greatly over
the past four decades. Nevertheless, fundamental questions remain
about the biology of these diseases, and further insights into the
mechanisms of these diseases would help to inform the development
of effective means to prevent and to efficiently treat them. Recent
findings have revealed certain commonalities in genetic and
cellular mechanisms across neurodegenerative diseases. These
findings suggest that it might be valuable - at least in some cases
- to change the traditional way of studying these diseases by no
longer seeing each as an independent entity, but rather as clinical
variants of common cellular and molecular biological defects. This
approach could help enhance basic scientific understanding of
neurodegenerative disease, and could help with the development of
biomarkers and new therapeutics. Table of Contents Front Matter 1
Introduction 2 Rationale for Exploring Commonalities Across
Neurodegenerative Diseases 3 Protein Aggregation 4 Transmissibility
5 Mitochondrial Pathology 6 Errors in RNA 7 Closing Remarks
Appendix A: References Appendix B: Statement of Task Appendix C:
Workshop Agenda Appendix D: Registered Attendees
When a nation or region prepares for public health emergencies such
as a pandemic influenza, a large-scale earthquake, or any major
disaster scenario in which the health system may be destroyed or
stressed to its limits, it is important to describe how standards
of care would change due to shortages of critical resources. At the
17th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine, the IOM
Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness sponsored a session
that focused on the promise of and challenges to integrating crisis
standards of care principles into international disaster response
plans. Table of Contents Front Matter Workshop Summary Appendix A:
References Appendix B: Agenda
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous
System Disorders, in collaboration with the IOM Forum on Drug
Discovery, Development, and Translation, convened a workshop on
January 20-21, 2015, to explore policy changes that might increase
private sector investment in research and development innovation
that fills unmet medical needs for central nervous system (CNS)
disorders. Workshop participants strategized about how to
incentivize companies to fortify their CNS drug development
programs, shrinking obstacles that currently deter ventures.
Representatives from academia, government agencies, patient groups,
and industry gathered to share information and viewpoints, and to
brainstorm about budget-neutral policy changes that could help
widen the pipeline toward drugs that address unmet needs for CNS
disorders. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion
of the workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction and
Overview 2 Improving Market Protection 3 Strengthening the
Regulatory Pathway 4 Patient Benefit and Engagement Appendix A:
References Appendix B: Workshop Agenda Appendix C: Registered
Attendees Appendix D: Participant Biographies
Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical
period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's
economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key
contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and,
since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next
generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the
popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated
as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research.
Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often,
with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic
restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older
adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible
transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults
especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and
responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young
adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable
tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large.
Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes
what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are,
what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends
actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local
agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition
from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young
adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents
and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young
Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school
and college graduate rates and education and workforce development
systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors
will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success.
The report also discusses the health status of young adults and
makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young
adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions.
What happens during the young adult years has profound implications
for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of
society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as
a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults
will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as
they transition from adolescence to adulthood.
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