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The Danubian provinces represent one of the largest macro-units
within the Roman Empire, with a large and rich heritage of Roman
material evidence. Although the notion itself is a modern
18th-century creation, this region represents a unique area, where
the dominant, pre-Roman cultures (Celtic, Illyrian, Hellenistic,
Thracian) are interconnected within the new administrative,
economic and cultural units of Roman cities, provinces and
extra-provincial networks. This book presents the material evidence
of Roman religion in the Danubian provinces through a new,
paradigmatic methodology, focusing not only on the traditional
urban and provincial units of the Roman Empire, but on a new space
taxonomy. Roman religion and its sacralised places are presented in
macro-, meso- and micro-spaces of a dynamic empire, which shaped
Roman religion in the 1st-3rd centuries AD and created a large
number of religious glocalizations and appropriations in Raetia,
Noricum, Pannonia Superior, Pannonia Inferior, Moesia Superior,
Moesia Inferior and Dacia. Combining the methodological approaches
of Roman provincial archaeology and religious studies, this work
intends to provoke a dialogue between disciplines rarely used
together in central-east Europe and beyond. The material evidence
of Roman religion is interpreted here as a dynamic agent in
religious communication, shaped by macro-spaces, extra-provincial
routes, commercial networks, but also by the formation and constant
dynamics of small group religions interconnected within this region
through human and material mobilities. The book also presents for
the first time a comprehensive list of sacralised spaces and
divinities in the Danubian provinces.
Andras Bodor and the history of classical studies in Transylvania
in the 20th century is the first comprehensive work focusing on the
life of a classicist from Transylvania, presenting in detail the
life and academic heritage of Andras Bodor (1915-1999). Based on
1348 newly identified letters, 209 photographs (including 25
portraits), Andras Bodor's complete bibliography and his
unpublished memoir from 1915-1959, the work offers also the first
publication of Bodor's academic correspondence (107 letters) and
also extracts from his unpublished journal. Based on a large number
of unpublished documents and the major works of Bodor, the book
tries to reconstruct the life and academic heritage of a classicist
from the periphery of Europe, a region that changed so many times
over the long course of the 20th century. Andras Bodor appears as a
student torn between theology and classical studies, a
Transylvanian Hungarian who ended up at Oxford, a lecturer at the
Hungarian University of Cluj, a researcher who had the idea of
establishing a new school of classics, marginalised and
compromising, a quiet teacher of the newly established Babes-Bolyai
University and also a senior professor engaged in education policy.
The personality and work of Bodor is presented through the short
history of classics in Transylvania, Romania, reflecting on the
European and global changes of the discipline.
This book is the first comprehensive work focusing on lived ancient
religious communication in Roman Dacia. Testing for the first time
the 'Lived Ancient Religion' approach in terms of a peripheral
province from the Danubian area, this work looks at the role of
'sacralised' spaces, known commonly as sanctuaries in the religious
communication of the province. The author analyses the role of
space sacralisation, religious appropriation, embodiment and the
social impact of religious communication in urban contexts
(Apulum), military contexts (Porolissum and Mehadia), and numerous
examples from rural (non-urban) environments (Ampelum, Germisara,
Ad Mediam, and many others). The book concentrates not only on the
creation and maintenance of sacralised spaces in public and
secondary locations, but also on their role at the micro-level of
objects, semi-micro level of spaces (settlements), and the
macro-level of the province and the Danubian region as a whole.
Innovatively as regards provincial archaeological research, this
book emphasises the spatial aspects of lived ancient religion by
analysing for the first time the sanctuaries as spaces of religious
communication in Dacia. The work also contains a significant
chapter on the so-called 'small-group' religions (the Bacchic,
Mithraic and Dolichenian groups of the province), which are
approached for the first time in detail. The study also gives the
first comprehensive list of archaeologicallyepigraphically-
attested, and presumed sacralised spaces within Dacia.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), also termed poly (ADP-ribose)
synthetase (PARS) is a nuclear enzyme with a wide range of
functions, including regulation of DNA repair, cell
differentiation, and gene expression. More than a decade after the
identification of PARP-like enzymatic activities in mammalian
cells, a novel role was proposed for this enzyme, mediating a
suicidal mechanism triggered by DNA strand breakage. This
hypothesis has since become a controversial centerpiece of the PARP
field, with many experimental systems both confirming and extending
the PARP suicide theory. Theoretical and practical implications of
the PARP suicide pathway were not extensively exploited until the
1990s. Researchers, for example, discovered a variety of findings;
among them, that nitric oxide can activate a pathway leading to
cell death (Neuronal cell death and pancreatic cell death), and
that peroxynitrite, a reactive oxidant species produced from the
reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide free radicals, is an
endogenously produced trigger of DNA single strand breakage and
PARP activation. Featuring contributions from researchers in the
diverse fields of neuroinjury, myocardial injury, diabetes, shock,
and inflammation, this text examines the current status of the
field of PARP and cell death. Cell Death: The Role of PARP also
explores PARP and apoptosis, PARP and DNA repair, as well as PARP
and regulation of gene expression. Separate chapters focus on
developments in the areas of pharmacological inhibition of PARP and
on novel ways of measuring PARP activation. Furthermore, the
emerging field of PARP isoforms is addressed. While tremendous
progress has been made in the area of PARP and celldeath, many
controversies need to be clarified, and recent discoveries and
observations require further development. Cell Death: The Role of
PARP not only presents a state-of-the-art overview of the field,
but serves as a catalyst for further research in this area.
After a century of research, several lines of evidence now indicate
that the ability of adenosine to directly control inflammatory
cells has a major impact on the functions of the inflammatory and
immune systems. Consequently, many promising therapeutic approaches
are beginning to emerge that focus on the modulation of adenosine,
including the development of compounds that interfere with the
breakdown of adenosine, as well as specific agonists and
antagonists of various adenosine subtypes. Some of these compounds
have already entered clinical trials. While information on the role
of adenosine is growing rapidly, until now it has remained
scattered in the literature. Edited by three pioneering researchers
in the field, Adenosine Receptors: Therapeutic Aspects for
Inflammatory and Immune Diseases presents the first single volume
compilation of reviews on how adenosine, acting on its cellular
receptors, regulates immune responses. The book is organized to
provide the reader with a general overview of adenosine receptors,
delving into molecular biology, cell biology, and pharmacology.
Separate chapters focus on the role of adenosine receptors in
regulating the function of the various cell types that are involved
in immune responses. Further chapters delineate the role of
purinergic signaling in the pathophysiology of a variety of disease
states associated with an overzealous or insufficient immune
response. These include autoimmune diseases, asthma,
atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cancer. Much of
the methodology and findings documented in this text may well lead
to new therapeutic modalities for pathologies such as ischemia and
reperfusion, heart disease, wound healing, tumors, pain, and a
variety of central nervous system diseases including Parkinson's,
Alzheimer's, and epilepsy, as well as mood and sleep disorders.
This resource provides background and direction for those
researchers entering the field of adenosine and inflammatory
disease, and provides a comprehensive reference for experienced
investigators.
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