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Resin glycosides are part of a very extensive family of secondary
metabolites known as glycolipids or lipo-oligosaccharides and are
constituents of complex resins (glycoresins) (1) unique to the
morning glory family, Convolvulaceae (2). These active principles
are responsible for the drastic purgative action of all the
important Convolvulaceous species used in traditional medicine
throughout the world since ancient times. Several commercial
purgative crude drugs can be prepared from the roots of different
species of Mexican morning glories. Their incorporation as
therapeutic agents in Europe is an outstanding example of the
assimilation of botanical drugs from the Americas as substitutes
for traditional Old World remedies (3). Even though phytochemical
investigations on the constituents of these drugs were initiated
during the second half of the nineteenth century, the structure of
their active ingredients still remains poorly known for some
examples of these purgative roots. During the last two decades, the
higher resolution c- abilities of modern analytical isolation
techniques used in conjunction with pow- ful spectroscopic methods
have facilitated the elucidation of the active principles of these
relevant herbal products. This chapter describes the ethnobotanical
information associated with the p- gative morning glory species and
how traditional usages were instrumental in plant selection for
chemical studies. The advantages and limitations of available
analy- cal techniques for the isolation, puri?cation, and structure
characterization of the individual constituents of these complex
glycoconjugates are also discussed.
Resin glycosides are part of a very extensive family of secondary
metabolites known as glycolipids or lipo-oligosaccharides and are
constituents of complex resins (glycoresins) (1) unique to the
morning glory family, Convolvulaceae (2). These active principles
are responsible for the drastic purgative action of all the
important Convolvulaceous species used in traditional medicine
throughout the world since ancient times. Several commercial
purgative crude drugs can be prepared from the roots of different
species of Mexican morning glories. Their incorporation as
therapeutic agents in Europe is an outstanding example of the
assimilation of botanical drugs from the Americas as substitutes
for traditional Old World remedies (3). Even though phytochemical
investigations on the constituents of these drugs were initiated
during the second half of the nineteenth century, the structure of
their active ingredients still remains poorly known for some
examples of these purgative roots. During the last two decades, the
higher resolution c- abilities of modern analytical isolation
techniques used in conjunction with pow- ful spectroscopic methods
have facilitated the elucidation of the active principles of these
relevant herbal products. This chapter describes the ethnobotanical
information associated with the p- gative morning glory species and
how traditional usages were instrumental in plant selection for
chemical studies. The advantages and limitations of available
analy- cal techniques for the isolation, puri?cation, and structure
characterization of the individual constituents of these complex
glycoconjugates are also discussed.
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The Crises of Microcredit (Hardcover)
Isabelle Guerin, Marc Labie, Jean-Michel Servet; Contributions by Mouhamedoune Abdoulage Fall, Cyril Fouillet, …
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R3,417
Discovery Miles 34 170
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Microcredit programmes, long considered efficient development
tools, now face unprecedented crises in a number of countries. Is
this the end of microcredit or rather an essential step in its
expansion? Should we stop microcredit altogether or rethink the way
it is implemented? Drawing on extensive empirical research
conducted in various parts of the world - from Morocco to Senegal
to India - this important volume examines the whole chain of
microcredit to provide the answers to these questions. In doing so,
the authors highlight the diversity of crises, both in intensity
and in nature, while also shedding light on a diversity of causes,
be it microcredit organizations unprepared for massive growth,
saturated local economies or greedy investors and shareholders
attracted by profits. Crucially, the authors demonstrate that
microcredit is not a monolithic project, and the crises should also
be analysed in the light of national histories and policies. An
original and necessary intervention in what has become one of the
most contentious topics within the development world.
|
The Crises of Microcredit (Paperback)
Isabelle Guerin, Marc Labie, Jean-Michel Servet; Contributions by Mouhamedoune Abdoulage Fall, Cyril Fouillet, …
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R890
Discovery Miles 8 900
|
Ships in 12 - 17 working days
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Microcredit programmes, long considered efficient development
tools, now face unprecedented crises in a number of countries. Is
this the end of microcredit or rather an essential step in its
expansion? Should we stop microcredit altogether or rethink the way
it is implemented? Drawing on extensive empirical research
conducted in various parts of the world - from Morocco to Senegal
to India - this important volume examines the whole chain of
microcredit to provide the answers to these questions. In doing so,
the authors highlight the diversity of crises, both in intensity
and in nature, while also shedding light on a diversity of causes,
be it microcredit organizations unprepared for massive growth,
saturated local economies or greedy investors and shareholders
attracted by profits. Crucially, the authors demonstrate that
microcredit is not a monolithic project, and the crises should also
be analysed in the light of national histories and policies. An
original and necessary intervention in what has become one of the
most contentious topics within the development world.
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