This book describes modern focused ion beam microscopes and techniques and how they can be used to aid materials metrology and as tools for the fabrication of devices that in turn are used in many other aspects of fundamental metrology. Beginning with a description of the currently available instruments including the new addition to the field of plasma-based sources, it then gives an overview of ion solid interactions and how the different types of instrument can be applied. Chapters then describe how these machines can be applied to the field of materials science and device fabrication giving examples of recent and current activity in both these areas.

This book describes modern focused ion beam microscopes and techniques and how they can be used to aid materials metrology and as tools for the fabrication of devices that in turn are used in many other aspects of fundamental metrology. Beginning with a description of the currently available instruments including the new addition to the field of plasma-based sources, it then gives an overview of ion solid interactions and how the different types of instrument can be applied. Chapters then describe how these machines can be applied to the field of materials science and device fabrication giving examples of recent and current activity in both these areas.

The American public faces an unstable landscape in the wake of 21st century terrorism. Evolutionary trends in transnational and domestic terrorism indicate a shift toward increasingly violent acts as law enforcement and intelligence agencies apply pressure to these organizations. The collapse of nation-states, the splintering of transnational terror groups and criminal enterprise along with a resurgence of domestic extremism will contribute to a new era of ultra-terrorism in which no target is off-limits. The next generation of terrorist will evolve tactics derived from the active shooter, make use of increasingly powerful explosive devices, and construct improvised weapons of mass destruction in an effort to attack our most precious vulnerabilities. Cyber-warfare techniques, once intended for use against nations, will now be directed against individuals and the national infrastructure as technology and knowledge are proliferated across international borders and telecommunications networks. Extremist groups will encourage conspiratorial rhetoric and violence through the use of social media in an effort to recruit the average citizen. The Most Dangerous Course of Action will emphasize the need to strengthen the covenant between the American citizen, the state, and the federal government in the face of an asymmetric threat. The right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" does not come without a duty to maintain a state of informed preparedness, an awareness of community responsibilities as they apply to disaster management and an active involvement with the existing homeland security apparatus.