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Strategy for Victory: The Development of British Tactical Air
Power, 1919-1943 examines the nature of the inter-Service crisis
between the British Army and the RAF over the provision of
effective air support for the army in the Second World War.
Material for this book is drawn primarily from the rich collection
of documents at the National Archives (UK) and other British
archives. The author makes a highly original point that Britain's
independent RAF was in fact a disguised blessing for the Army and
that the air force's independence was in part a key reason why a
successful solution to the army's air support problems was found.
The analysis traces why the British army went to war in 1939
without adequate air support and how an effective system of support
was organized by the RAF. As such, it is the first scholarly survey
of the origins and development of British air support doctrine and
practice during the early years of the Second World War. The
provision of direct air support was of central importance to the
success enjoyed by Anglo-American armies during the latter half of
the Second World War. First in North Africa, and later in Italy and
North-West Europe, American, British and Empire armies fought most
if not all of their battles with the knowledge that they enjoyed
unassailable air superiority throughout the battle area. This
advantage, however, was the product of a long and bitter dispute
between the British Army and the Royal Air Force that began at the
end of the First World War and continued virtually unabated until
it was resolved in late 1942 and early 1943 when the 2nd Tactical
Air Force was created. Battlefield experience and, in particular,
success in North Africa, combined with the hard work, wisdom and
perseverance of Air Marshals Sir Arthur Tedder and Arthur
Coningham, the active co-operation of General Bernard Montgomery,
and the political authority of Prime Minister Winston Churchill,
produced a uniquely British system that afforded the most
comprehensive, effective and flexible air support provided by any
air force during the war. The book is divided into two equal parts
of five chapters. Part one surveys how the British Army went to war
in 1939 without adequate air support, and part two explains how an
effective system of air support was organized by the middle years
of the war. The analysis traces Britain's earliest experience with
aircraft in the Great War 1914-1918, the inter-war period of
doctrinal development and inter-Service rivalry, and the major
campaigns in France and the Middle East during the first half of
the Second World War when the weaknesses in Army-RAF co-operation
were first exposed and eventually resolved. As such, it is the
first scholarly survey of the origin and development of British air
support doctrine and practice during the early years of the Second
World War.
The immediate aftermath of the Great War and the Versailles Treaty
created a perfect storm of economic, social, political and cultural
factors which facilitated the rapid rise of Adolf Hitler's
political career and the birth of the National Socialist German
Worker's Party. The breeding ground for this world-changing
evolution was the city of Munich and there is no better way to
learn about the origins and growth of Hitler's National Socialism
than to study the city. By connecting the sites where Hitler and
his accomplices built the movement we gain an understanding of the
causes, background, motivation and structures of the Party.
Hitler's Munich is both a cultural and political portrait of the
Bavarian capital, a biography of the Fuhrer and a history of
National Socialism. All three interacted and the Author is superbly
qualified to unravel and explain the linkages and their
significance.
Applying a methodology that is best described as "inductive
synthesis," this research paper, "Learning How to Fight Together:
The British Experience with Joint Air-Land Warfare," examines the
elusive quest for effective integration between air and land forces
in the context of joint operations. It draws on the British
experience from the first attempts to provide air support for land
operations in the First World War to contemporary operations in
Afghanistan. The study is reflective in nature. It is not meant to
be a detailed chronological account of every twist and turn in the
history of army-air co-operation between the British Army and the
Royal Air Force. It focuses on command and control issues and the
need, now as much as then, for air and land commanders to be in
each other's minds and plans from the outset. Both historical
examples and contemporary experiences are used to illustrate
enduring disagreements between soldiers and airmen over who should
control aircraft on and above the battlefield and what air forces
should do to assist the army in its operations. These two questions
have bedevilled successive generations of generals and air
marshals. Even when agreement has been reached on the operational
benefits to be had by the two services working together-as equals
and at all levels of command according to a common plan-effective
and long-lasting co-operation has been difficult and illusory.
Perhaps by taking another look at the historical struggle in
Britain to develop army-air co-operation, contemporary airmen and
soldiers on both sides of the Atlantic will be better equipped
conceptually to develop and deliver air-land integration that meets
their respective requirements in the complex operating environment
of today and tomorrow.
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