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The most recent EU-enlargements have considerably increased the
number of small member states. In the EU-27, 19 countries have
fewer votes in the Council of Ministers than the EU-average. These
small states face a series of size-related disadvantages in
day-to-day EU negotiations. Against this backdrop the book asks:
are some small states better at coping with structural
disadvantages than others? How active are small states in
participating in day-to-day EU negotiations and why do some states
use negotiation strategies more frequently than others? Under which
conditions are the different negotiation strategies effective and
when can small states punch above their weight? Based on more than
100 interviews with policy-makers and an analysis of a unique
database on the negotiation activities of EU member states, this
book explains how active participation is essential for the shaping
success of small states and shows that small states are more
influential with persuasion-based rather than bargaining-based
strategies. Two case studies on the pesticides and the spirit
drinks regulations further reveal that persuasion strategies are
especially effective if the arguments match the nature of the issue
at stake and resonate well with prior beliefs of addressees. No
other study comprehensively analyzes small states in a comparative
perspective, examines their activity levels in EU negotiations and
outlines which conditions are needed for the effectiveness of a
broad range of strategies. An indispensable resource for students
and researchers interested in how and under which conditions small
states can influence policies in negotiations beyond the
nation-state.
The most recent EU-enlargements have considerably increased the
number of small member states. In the EU-27, 19 countries have
fewer votes in the Council of Ministers than the EU-average. These
small states face a series of size-related disadvantages in
day-to-day EU negotiations. Against this backdrop the book asks:
are some small states better at coping with structural
disadvantages than others? How active are small states in
participating in day-to-day EU negotiations and why do some states
use negotiation strategies more frequently than others? Under which
conditions are the different negotiation strategies effective and
when can small states punch above their weight? Based on more than
100 interviews with policy-makers and an analysis of a unique
database on the negotiation activities of EU member states, this
book explains how active participation is essential for the shaping
success of small states and shows that small states are more
influential with persuasion-based rather than bargaining-based
strategies. Two case studies on the pesticides and the spirit
drinks regulations further reveal that persuasion strategies are
especially effective if the arguments match the nature of the issue
at stake and resonate well with prior beliefs of addressees. No
other study comprehensively analyzes small states in a comparative
perspective, examines their activity levels in EU negotiations and
outlines which conditions are needed for the effectiveness of a
broad range of strategies. This is an indispensable resource for
students and researchers interested in how and under which
conditions small states can influence policies in negotiations
beyond the nation-state.
This book examines how foreign policy analysis can be enriched by
'domestic realm' public policy approaches, concepts and theories.
Starting out from the observation that foreign policy has in many
ways become more similar to (and intertwined with) 'domestic'
public policies, it bridges the divide that still persists between
the two fields. The book includes chapters by leading experts in
their fields on arguably the most important public policy
approaches, including, for example, multiple streams, advocacy
coalition, punctuated equilibrium and veto player approaches. The
chapters explore how the approaches can be adapted and transferred
to the study of foreign policy and point to the challenges this
entails. By establishing a critical dialogue between approaches in
public policy and research on foreign policy, the main contribution
of the book is to broaden the available theoretical 'toolkit' in
foreign policy analysis. -- .
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and
particularities of regional organizations across Africa, the
Americas, Asia and Europe since 1945. The authors analyze the
membership dynamics and policy scopes of 76 organizations, and
compare their opportunities and challenges in regional governance.
They consider organizations' competencies in eleven different
policy areas, including trade, security and environment, and trace
patterns in their development. For those with interests in
comparative regionalism, international relations, political science
and international law, this is an essential companion to some of
the world's most significant organizations.
This book examines how foreign policy analysis can be enriched by
'domestic realm' public policy approaches, concepts and theories.
Starting out from the observation that foreign policy has in many
ways become more similar to (and intertwined with) 'domestic'
public policies, it bridges the divide that still persists between
the two fields. The book includes chapters by leading experts in
their fields on arguably the most important public policy
approaches, including, for example, multiple streams, advocacy
coalition, punctuated equilibrium and veto player approaches. The
chapters explore how the approaches can be adapted and transferred
to the study of foreign policy and point to the challenges this
entails. By establishing a critical dialogue between approaches in
public policy and research on foreign policy, the main contribution
of the book is to broaden the available theoretical 'toolkit' in
foreign policy analysis. -- .
Since the end of WWII, not only the number of international regimes
and organizations, but also the number of regional organisations
and groups increased considerably. Today, states are often members
of regional and international organisations at the same time and
cover similar policies in both. This contributes to a
regionalization of international relations since not only states,
but also regional actors are active in international negotiations.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of how active and how
influential regional actors are in today's international
negotiations. Based on a quantitative analysis of more than 500
international negotiations and three in-depth case studies, the
book not only explains why some regional actors are more vocal than
others in international organisations, but also why they differ
concerning their prospects for success.
Heavily grounded in helping students make the best choices for
their projects, this book explores how to develop and work with
theory, research questions, and method selection to build solid,
logical proposals and move from research concepts to fully realized
designs. Rather than rushing initial planning stages or reverse
engineering questions from preferred methods, it encourages
students to challenge unconscious biases around method selection
and analysis and provides step-by-step guidance on choosing a
method that is in-line with the question being explored. Focused on
the role of the researcher within research design, it stresses the
need to consider the theoretical underpinnings of research and not
just practical issues when designing a project. It provides a
sophisticated toolkit to understand: - The critical issues
associated with both qualitative and quantitative methods - The
approach that works best for specific research questions - How
design choices can affect practice. Perfect for upper undergraduate
and postgraduate students, this book will instil confidence and
good decision making to ensure constructively informed design and
practice.
Since the end of WWII, not only the number of international regimes
and organizations, but also the number of regional organisations
and groups increased considerably. Today, states are often members
of regional and international organisations at the same time and
cover similar policies in both. This contributes to a
regionalization of international relations since not only states,
but also regional actors are active in international negotiations.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of how active and how
influential regional actors are in today's international
negotiations. Based on a quantitative analysis of more than 500
international negotiations and three in-depth case studies, the
book not only explains why some regional actors are more vocal than
others in international organisations, but also why they differ
concerning their prospects for success.
Heavily grounded in helping students make the best choices for
their projects, this book explores how to develop and work with
theory, research questions, and method selection to build solid,
logical proposals and move from research concepts to fully realized
designs. Rather than rushing initial planning stages or reverse
engineering questions from preferred methods, it encourages
students to challenge unconscious biases around method selection
and analysis and provides step-by-step guidance on choosing a
method that is in-line with the question being explored. Focused on
the role of the researcher within research design, it stresses the
need to consider the theoretical underpinnings of research and not
just practical issues when designing a project. It provides a
sophisticated toolkit to understand: - The critical issues
associated with both qualitative and quantitative methods - The
approach that works best for specific research questions - How
design choices can affect practice. Perfect for upper undergraduate
and postgraduate students, this book will instil confidence and
good decision making to ensure constructively informed design and
practice.
How, and under which conditions, can consultative committees exert
influence if they have access to legislators (voice) but no formal
veto power (vote)? In drawing on the Committee of the Regions and
the European Economic and Social Committee of the European Union,
this book shows that consultative committees face several
challenges when it comes to influencing the content of policies,
but are nevertheless sometimes successful in getting their opinions
heard. It develops a sender-receiver model and puts it to a
comprehensive empirical test. A quantitative analysis and three
in-depth case studies on the European citizens' initiative, the
European grouping of territorial cooperation and the Liberalisation
of Community Postal Services show how capacities, incentives and
preferences of consultative committees and legislative
decision-makers need to be configured to allow for the influence of
the CoR and the EESC.
Im Zuge einer immer tiefer werdenden Integration hat die Frage nach
der Bedeutung der Kommission als dem zentralen supranationalen
Akteur im europ ischen Institutionengef ge hohe Relevanz. Wie
wichtig ist die Europ ische Kommission? Wann und unter welchen
Bedingungen kann die Europ ische Kommission Politikergebnisse
substanziell beeinflussen? Wann kann sie bestenfalls die Effizienz
von Entscheidungen erh hen? Die in der Literatur empirisch wie
theoretisch diagnostizierte Wirkungstiefe reicht von nahezuer
Irrelevanz bis zu ma gebender Einflussnahme auf europ ische
Politikergebnisse und auf die Entwicklung der europ ischen
Integration. Dieses Buch zeigt, dass das Gros dieser
unterschiedlichen Einsch tzungen in den verschiedenen theoretischen
Ans tzen selbst wurzelt. In den Interaktionsarenen der Europ ischen
Union (EU) wird nicht hierachisch entschieden, sondern argumentiert
und verhandelt. Dies beeinflusst die Rolle, die die Kommission
einnehmen kann. Wird Argumentiert, kann die Kommission durch gute
Argumente substanziellen Einfluss aus ben und wird zum
supranationalen Entrpreneur. Wird verhandelt, so kann die
Kommission mangels formaler Verhandlungsmacht bestenfalls die
Effizienz der zwischenstaatlichen Entscheidungsprozesse erh hen.
Die Arbeit zeigt erstens, dass konstruktivistische Arbeiten auf den
Interaktionsmodus 'Argumentieren' abstellen und die Bedeutung der
Kommission als weitreichend erachten; und zweitens, dass
rationalistische Theorien Interaktionen in der EU als 'Verhandeln'
konzipieren und daher der Kommission eine geringe Rolle
zuschreiben. Darauf aufbauend entwickelt dieses Buch einen
theoretischen Br ckenschlag zwischen Rationalismus und
Konstruktivismus, um die varierende Einflussreichweite der
Kommission ad quat zu erfassen. Wann dominiert eher das
Argumentieren und wann das Verhandeln? Die Arbeit entwickelt einen
Interaktionsansatz, um diese Frage zu beantworten. Im Ergebnis
zeigt sich, dass sie Kommission vor allem in fr hen Phasen europ
ischer
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