Organ transplantation is one of the most dramatic interventions in modern medicine. Since the 1950s thousands of people have lived with 'new' hearts, kidneys, lungs, corneas, and other organs and tissues transplanted into their bodies. From the beginning, though, there was simply a problem: surgeons often encountered shortages of people willing and able to give their organs and tissues. To overcome this problem, they often brokered financial arrangements. Yet an ethic of gift exchange coexisted with the 'commodification of the body'. The same duality characterized the field of blood transfusion, which was essential to the development of modern surgery.
This book will be the first to bring together the histories of blood transfusion and organ transplantation. It will show how these two fields redrew the lines between self and non-self, the living and the dead, and humans and animals. Drawing on newspapers, magazines, legal cases, films and the papers and correspondence of physicians and surgeons, Lederer will challenge the assumptions of some bioethicists and policymakers that popular fears about organ transplantation necessarily reflect timeless human concerns and preoccupations with the body. She will show how notions of the body- intact, in parts, living and dead- are shaped by the particular culture in which they are embedded.

La composition particuliere des lipides des Bacteries justifie pleinement la redaction de la presente revue; en effet, les Bacteries elaborent des lipides dont la composition est tres differente de celle des lipides des autres organismes, que ce soient des Champignons, des Algues ou des Animaux superieurs. L'interet porte actuellement a 1'etude des lipides bacteriens est egalement justifie par 1'importance biologique de certaines fractions lipidiques. Le domaine que nous allons resumer est d' ailleurs encore peu developpe; a part des etudes nombreuses et tres detaillees sur les lipides des Myco- bacteries et sur ceux du Bacille diphterique, nous ne possMons que des renseignements sporadiques concernant ceux d'autres especes bacteriennes. R. ]. ANDERSON, a qui nous devons la plus grande partie de nos connaissances sur les lipides des Mycobacteries, a publie dans Ie volume III de la presente collection, une revue intitulee {

In their monumental work "The Cactaceae", BRITTON and ROSE (I9) record 1235 species belonging to the three tribes which constitute the family of the Cacti. The actual number of the species must be con- siderably higher. Cacti occur frequently in tlie more arid and less accessible regions of the American Continent, nearly always within very narrow and definite borderlines. The habitat of a species is in many instances a single valley located in a remote, uninhabited region of the Cordillera. Thus the collection of flowering specimens fit for botanical identification is some- times extremely difficult. On the other hand, cacti are apt to develop individual variations in their characteristic morphological features, rendering the definition of a species difficult and often illusory. Specimens taken from their normal habitat to botanical gardens or arboreta often die, degenerate or stop flowering. Taking into account all these difficulties, it is not surprising to find considerable differences of opinion among botanists on the taxonomy of the cactaceae. A considerable number of species have not been well defined and in many cases different names have been given to the same species. The index of BRITTON and ROSE records not less than 7000 binomials.

Long before the U.S. government began conducting secret radiation and germ-warfare experiments, and long before the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, medical professionals had introduced-and hotly debated the ethics of-the use of human subjects in medical experiments. In Subjected to Science, Susan Lederer provides the first full-length history of biomedical research with human subjects in the earlier period, from 1890 to 1940. Lederer offers detailed accounts of experiments-benign and otherwise-conducted on both healthy and unhealthy men, women, and children, including the yellow fever experiments (which ultimately became the subject of a Broadway play and Hollywood film), Udo Wile's "dental drill" experiments on insane patients, and Hideyo Noguchi's syphilis experiments, which involved injecting a number of healthy children and adults with the syphilis germ, luetin.