We no longer ascribe the term 'mermaid' to those we deem sexually or economically threatening; we do not ubiquitously use the mermaid's image in political propaganda or feature her within our houses of worship; perhaps most notably, we do not entertain the possibility of the mermaid's existence. This, author Tara Pedersen argues, makes it difficult for contemporary scholars to consider the mermaid as a figure who wields much social significance. During the early modern period, however, this was not the case, and Pedersen illustrates the complicated category distinctions that the mermaid inhabits and challenges in 16th-and 17th-century England. Addressing epistemological questions about embodiment and perception, this study furthers research about early modern theatrical culture by focusing on under-theorized and seldom acknowledged representations of mermaids in English locations and texts. While individuals in early modern England were under pressure to conform to seemingly monolithic ideals about the natural order, there were also significant challenges to this order. Pedersen uses the figure of the mermaid to rethink some of these challenges, for the mermaid often appears in surprising places; she is situated at the nexus of historically specific debates about gender, sexuality, religion, the marketplace, the new science, and the culture of curiosity and travel. Although these topics of inquiry are not new, Pedersen argues that the mermaid provides a new lens through which to look at these subjects and also helps scholars think about the present moment, methodologies of reading, and many category distinctions that are important to contemporary scholarly debates.

Original essays by noted scholars explore cooperative learning, curriculum development, and teaching strategies. Focusing on grades 9 through 12, the volume first emphasizes theories underlying the use of selected cooperative learning strategies in secondary schools and then examines strategies and practical applications for classrooms. Contributors include David Johnson, Roger Johnson, Ruven Lazarowitz, Yael Sharan, Shlomo Sharan, Robert Slavin, Karl Smith, and others who have successfully implemented cooperative learning strategies in science, math, social studies, English/language arts, and gifted and talented. These contributors focus on how models are utilized and implemented. Discussions involve obstacles that impede success, problems and concerns, solutions, and suggestions for problem solving. An index is provided.

The Pros and Cons of Cancer Registration E. Grundmann It may seem strange for somebody to hold a symposium on cancer regis tration and then submit a paper under the heading "The Pros and Cons of Cancer Registration." Indeed, this may be quite amazing to those of my colleagues who have been endeavoring for years or decades to provide a world-wide system of cancer registration. To be quite frank, this is exactly what I intended. Generally speaking, as scientists we are convinced that the work we do is worth while. We are in fact supported in this attitude by pub lic opinion, if one bears in mind that science is future-oriented. It may be said that science is a way for building the future, and that progressive-mindedness is - to use a modern word - "in." Never theless, we may somehow hesitate at this fashionable word. After all, science is not "in" in the way this word is interpreted by the younger generation. Indeed, this younger generation is much too sceptical whenever confronted with anything done by the older generation - and science is pursued primarily by the "establishment." Rather, it is "in" to criticize the system of society and, if possible, to overcome this system, which is responsible not only for many evils, but also for many illnesses."

We no longer ascribe the term 'mermaid' to those we deem sexually or economically threatening; we do not ubiquitously use the mermaid's image in political propaganda or feature her within our houses of worship; perhaps most notably, we do not entertain the possibility of the mermaid's existence. This, author Tara Pedersen argues, makes it difficult for contemporary scholars to consider the mermaid as a figure who wields much social significance. During the early modern period, however, this was not the case, and Pedersen illustrates the complicated category distinctions that the mermaid inhabits and challenges in 16th-and 17th-century England. Addressing epistemological questions about embodiment and perception, this study furthers research about early modern theatrical culture by focusing on under-theorized and seldom acknowledged representations of mermaids in English locations and texts. While individuals in early modern England were under pressure to conform to seemingly monolithic ideals about the natural order, there were also significant challenges to this order. Pedersen uses the figure of the mermaid to rethink some of these challenges, for the mermaid often appears in surprising places; she is situated at the nexus of historically specific debates about gender, sexuality, religion, the marketplace, the new science, and the culture of curiosity and travel. Although these topics of inquiry are not new, Pedersen argues that the mermaid provides a new lens through which to look at these subjects and also helps scholars think about the present moment, methodologies of reading, and many category distinctions that are important to contemporary scholarly debates.

Mobile telephony has arrived on the scene.According to statistics of the International Telecommunications Union, in the mid-1990s, less than one person in 20 had a mobile telephone; as of 2003, this had risen to on p- son in five.In the mid-1990s, the GSM system was just being commerci- ized, there were serious coverage and interoperability issues that were not yet sorted out and handsets were only beginning to be something that did not require a car to transport them.In the mid-1990s, if a teen owned a mobile telephone it was likely an indicator of an over-pampered rich kid rather than today's sense that it is a more or less essential part of a teen's everyday identity kit. Hence, in less than a decade, this device has established itself tech- cally, commercially, socially and in the imagination of the people.It has changed the way we think about communication, coordination and safety and it has changed the way we behave in the public sphere. The mobile telephone has become an element in our sense of public and private space and in the development of our social and psychological personas.It has become an arena wherein the language is being played with, morphed and extended.Finally, it is reaching out into ever-new areas of commerce and interaction. All of this is, of course, interesting to social scientists.As brought out by Woolgar later, this is, in some ways, a type of experiment writ large that has engendered serious insight into the functioning of the social group and the individual in soc

This volume will focus on a much need comparison of science teacher preparation from around the world. In recent times (last 5 years) much has been written and communicated both in the popular press and within the annals of research oriented publications about the performance of students international in math and science. Although not a new discussion or debate, many countries are held as exemplars in how they educate their youth and subsequently how they educate their teachers. Given this situation and given the fact that there is ample evidence to show that some countries youth perform better on tests such as the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and we know that teacher significantly contribute to the performance of students, it is time that we look at the specific attributes of teacher preparation worldwide. Although this volume will not look at every country that is in the comparator group for PISA and other measures, we have contacted over 18 potential authors in the same number of countries in which there is ample evidence to show successes regarding student performance and quality teacher preparation programs. The intent of the book is not just to report on the i?1/2successi?1/2 of each nation. Rather the intent is to ask authors to take a critical look at the process by which science teachers are educated and share with the reader both the positive and negative aspects of such preparation programs. For all 15 contributed chapters, the editors have analyzed each and from this constructed from the i?1/2datai?1/2 an analysis and report in a final chapter on the exemplary qualities from various nations and make specific recommendations regarding science teacher preparation for the global community.

This volume will focus on a much need comparison of science teacher preparation from around the world. In recent times (last 5 years) much has been written and communicated both in the popular press and within the annals of research oriented publications about the performance of students international in math and science. Although not a new discussion or debate, many countries are held as exemplars in how they educate their youth and subsequently how they educate their teachers. Given this situation and given the fact that there is ample evidence to show that some countries youth perform better on tests such as the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and we know that teacher significantly contribute to the performance of students, it is time that we look at the specific attributes of teacher preparation worldwide. Although this volume will not look at every country that is in the comparator group for PISA and other measures, we have contacted over 18 potential authors in the same number of countries in which there is ample evidence to show successes regarding student performance and quality teacher preparation programs. The intent of the book is not just to report on the i?1/2successi?1/2 of each nation. Rather the intent is to ask authors to take a critical look at the process by which science teachers are educated and share with the reader both the positive and negative aspects of such preparation programs. For all 15 contributed chapters, the editors have analyzed each and from this constructed from the i?1/2datai?1/2 an analysis and report in a final chapter on the exemplary qualities from various nations and make specific recommendations regarding science teacher preparation for the global community.

Who were the pioneers in science education, and what motivated them to do what they did?" This book is the second volume of an attempt to capture and record some of the answers to these questions-either from the pioneers themselves or from those persons who worked most closely with them. As with the first volume, we have attempted to include as many pioneers as possible, but we know that there are still many that are not included in this or the previous volume. As we have posed questions, rummaged through files and oft?neglected books, and probed the memories of many individuals, we have come to realize our list of true pioneers is ever growing. As we consider our list of pioneers, we know that there are names on the list that most of us readily recognize. We also fully realize that there are names of whom few of us have heard-yet who were significant in their roles as mentors or idea development and teaching. We continue to be impressed with our science education "family tree" ever branching out to more individuals and connections. The stories in this volume continue to demonstrate how vital this network was in supporting the individual pioneers during their journey in difficult times and continues to be for those of us today in our own enterprise.

Who were the pioneers in science education, and what motivated them to do what they did?" This book is the second volume of an attempt to capture and record some of the answers to these questions-either from the pioneers themselves or from those persons who worked most closely with them. As with the first volume, we have attempted to include as many pioneers as possible, but we know that there are still many that are not included in this or the previous volume. As we have posed questions, rummaged through files and oft?neglected books, and probed the memories of many individuals, we have come to realize our list of true pioneers is ever growing. As we consider our list of pioneers, we know that there are names on the list that most of us readily recognize. We also fully realize that there are names of whom few of us have heard-yet who were significant in their roles as mentors or idea development and teaching. We continue to be impressed with our science education "family tree" ever branching out to more individuals and connections. The stories in this volume continue to demonstrate how vital this network was in supporting the individual pioneers during their journey in difficult times and continues to be for those of us today in our own enterprise.

This book examines visual data use with students (PK-16) as well as in pre-service in- service science teacher preparation. Each chapter includes discussion about the current state of the art with respect to science classroom application and utilization of the particular visual data targeted by the author(s), discussion and explanation about the targeted visual data as applied by the author in his/her classroom, use of visual data as a diagnostic tool, its use as an assessment tool, and discussion of implications for science teaching and/or science teacher preparation. Although the body of research and practice in this field is growing, there remains a gap in the literature about clearly explicating the use of visual data in the science classroom. A growing body of literature discusses what visual data are (although this topic is still viewed as being at the beginning of its development in educators' thinking), and there are some scattered examples of studies exploring the use of visual data in science classrooms, although those studies have not necessarily clearly identified their foci as visual data, per se. As interest and attention has become more focused on visual data, a logical progression of questioning has been how visual data are actually applied in the science classroom, whether it be early elementary, college, or somewhere in between. Visual data applications of interest to the science education community include how it is identified, how it can be used with students and how students can generate it themselves, how it can be employed as a diagnostic tool in concept development, and how it can be utilized as an assessment tool. This book explores that, as well as a variety of pragmatic ways to help science educators more effectively utilize visual data and representations in their instruction.

This book examines visual data use with students (PK-16) as well as in pre-service in- service science teacher preparation. Each chapter includes discussion about the current state of the art with respect to science classroom application and utilization of the particular visual data targeted by the author(s), discussion and explanation about the targeted visual data as applied by the author in his/her classroom, use of visual data as a diagnostic tool, its use as an assessment tool, and discussion of implications for science teaching and/or science teacher preparation. Although the body of research and practice in this field is growing, there remains a gap in the literature about clearly explicating the use of visual data in the science classroom. A growing body of literature discusses what visual data are (although this topic is still viewed as being at the beginning of its development in educators' thinking), and there are some scattered examples of studies exploring the use of visual data in science classrooms, although those studies have not necessarily clearly identified their foci as visual data, per se. As interest and attention has become more focused on visual data, a logical progression of questioning has been how visual data are actually applied in the science classroom, whether it be early elementary, college, or somewhere in between. Visual data applications of interest to the science education community include how it is identified, how it can be used with students and how students can generate it themselves, how it can be employed as a diagnostic tool in concept development, and how it can be utilized as an assessment tool. This book explores that, as well as a variety of pragmatic ways to help science educators more effectively utilize visual data and representations in their instruction.

A volume in Research in Curriculum and Instruction Series Editor: O. L. Davis, Jr. The University of Texas at Austin This volume is the fourth, and last, volume in the series entitled Educating About Social Issues in the 20th and 21st Centuries: An Annotated Bibliography. Volumes I and Volume 2 focused on (1) the lives and work of notable scholars dedicated to addressing why and how social issues should become an integral component of the public school curriculum, and (2) various topics/approaches vis-a-vis addressing social issues in the classroom. Volume 3 addressed approaches to incorporating social issues into the extant curricula that were not addressed in the first two volumes. This volume, Volume Four, focuses solely on critical pedagogy: both the lives and work of major critical pedagogues and the different strains of critical pedagogy the latter pursued (e.g., critical theory in education, critical feminism in education, critical race theory).

Visual Data in Science Education builds upon previous work done by the editors to bring some definition to the meaning of visual data as it relates to education, and highlighted the breadth of types and uses of visual data across the major academic disciplines. In this book, the editors have brought this focus specifically to science education through the contributions of colleagues in the field who actively research about and engage in teaching with visual data. The book begins by examining how the brain functions with respect to processing visual data, then explores models of conceptual frameworks, which then leads into how related ideas are actuated in education settings ranging from elementary science classrooms to college environments. As a whole, this book fosters a more coherent image of the multifaceted process of science teaching and learning that is informed by current understandings of science knowledge construction, the scientific enterprise, and the millennium student as they relate to visual data.

Visual Data in Science Education builds upon previous work done by the editors to bring some definition to the meaning of visual data as it relates to education, and highlighted the breadth of types and uses of visual data across the major academic disciplines. In this book, the editors have brought this focus specifically to science education through the contributions of colleagues in the field who actively research about and engage in teaching with visual data. The book begins by examining how the brain functions with respect to processing visual data, then explores models of conceptual frameworks, which then leads into how related ideas are actuated in education settings ranging from elementary science classrooms to college environments. As a whole, this book fosters a more coherent image of the multifaceted process of science teaching and learning that is informed by current understandings of science knowledge construction, the scientific enterprise, and the millennium student as they relate to visual data.

A volume in Research in Curriculum and Instruction Series Editor: O. L. Davis, Jr. The University of Texas at Austin This volume is the fourth, and last, volume in the series entitled Educating About Social Issues in the 20th and 21st Centuries: An Annotated Bibliography. Volumes I and Volume 2 focused on (1) the lives and work of notable scholars dedicated to addressing why and how social issues should become an integral component of the public school curriculum, and (2) various topics/approaches vis-a-vis addressing social issues in the classroom. Volume 3 addressed approaches to incorporating social issues into the extant curricula that were not addressed in the first two volumes. This volume, Volume Four, focuses solely on critical pedagogy: both the lives and work of major critical pedagogues and the different strains of critical pedagogy the latter pursued (e.g., critical theory in education, critical feminism in education, critical race theory).

Researching and Teaching Social Issues: The Personal Stories and Pedagogical Efforts of Professors of Education is comprised of original personal essays in which notable teacher educators delineate the genesis and evolution of their thought and work vis-a-vis the teaching of social issues. In relating their personal stories, the authors were asked to discuss among other issues those individuals and/or scholarly works that have most influenced them and how, their own aspirations in the field, the frustrations they have faced, their perceptions of the field, their major contributions, and their current endeavours. Our goal was that each and every story be as informative, instructive, and engaging as possible. We believe that readers will be thoroughly engaged as they read the stories of these individuals-stories that are inspiring, filled with passion, and reflective in nature. We also believe that readers will gain unique pedagogical insights into the field and ample food for thought. The individuals selected for inclusion in the book dedicated a great amount of time, thought, energy, and commitment to creating powerful and pedagogically sound ways to teach about social and/or controversial issues. Many have done so for well over forty years, and have been among the strongest advocates vis-a-vis the place social issues have in the extant curriculum and beyond. CONTENTS Introduction by Samuel Totten and Jon E. Pedersen. Education, Politics, and Social Transformation, Michael W. Apple. Human Ecology and Science Education Policies and Programs: Reflections on Social Activism, Roger W. Bybee. Forty Days and Forty Nights in the Wilderness of Capitalist Schooling, Ronald W. Evans. Becoming Political: One Woman's Story, Carole L. Hahn. The Unending Quest for Social Issues in the Schools: A Personal Narrative, Byron G. Massialas. Social Justice, Alex Molnar. My Experience with Social Issues and Education, Fred M. Newmann. Social Issues and Decision Making: A Career Long Commitment, Anna S. Ochoa-Becker. The Evolution of an Educator, Jon E. Pedersen. A Happenstance-Based Social Issues Career, James P. Shaver. Serendipity: A Paradigm Shifter's Friend in Academia, Barbara Solomon Spector. A Synergy of Awareness, Understanding, Empathy and Action: Confronting Social Issues in the English Classroom and Beyond, Samuel Totten. Socials Issues as Contexts for Science and Technology Education, Robert E. Yager. Selected Bibliography. Index.