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This literary biography is based primarily on Shinkei's own
writings and is supplemented by various external sources. It
includes annotated translations of Shinkei's most representative
poetry.
"Murmured Conversations" is the first complete and rigorously
annotated translation of "Sasamegoto" (1463-1464), considered the
most important and representative poetic treatise of the medieval
period in Japan because of its thoroughgoing construction of poetry
as a way to attain, and signify through language, the mental
liberation ("satori") that is the goal of Buddhist practice. It is
a fascinating document revealing the central place of Buddhist
philosophy in medieval Japanese artistic practices. Shinkei
(1406-1475), the author of the treatise, is himself a major poet,
regarded as the most brilliant among the practitioners of linked
poetry ("renga") in the Muromachi Period.
Along with the extensive annotations, Ramirez-Christensen's
commentaries illuminate the significance of each section of the
treatise within the context of "waka" and "renga" poetics, of the
history of classical Japanese aesthetic principles in general and
of Shinkei's thought in particular, and the role of Buddhism in the
contemporary understanding of cultural practices like poetry. This
is the most comprehensive presentation available in English of a
major classical Japanese critical text.
"Emptiness and Temporality" is an account of classical Japanese
poetics based, for the first time, on the two concepts of emptiness
(J."ku") and temporality ("mujo") that ground the medieval practice
and understanding of poetry. It clarifies the unique structure of
the collective poetic genre called "renga" (linked poetry) by
analyzing Shinkei's writings, particularly "Sasamegoto." This book
engages contemporary Western theory, especially Derrida's concepts
of "differance" and deconstruction, to illuminate the progressive
displacement that constitutes the dynamic poetry of the renga link
as the sequence moves from verse 1 to 100. It also draws on
phenomenology, Heidegger's "Being and Time," Bakhtin's notion of
the dialogical, Gadamer's "Truth and Method," hermeneutics, and the
concept of translation to delve into philosophical issues of
language, mind, and the creative process. Furthermore, the book
traces the development of the Japanese sense of the sublime and
ineffable ("yugen" and its variants) from the identification, by
earlier waka poets like Shunzei and Teika, of their artistic
practice with Buddhist meditation (Zen or "shikan"), and of
superior poetry as the ecstatic figuration of the Dharma realm.
"Emptiness and Temporality" constitutes a radically new definition
of Japanese poetry from the medieval period onward as a symbolist
poetry, a figuration of the sacred rather than a representation of
nature, and reveals how the spiritual or moral dimension is
essential to an understanding of traditional Japanese aesthetic
ideals and practices, such as No performance, calligraphy, and
black-ink painting.
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