Since the first century, when Buddhism entered China, the foreign religion has influenced and been influenced in turn by traditional Chinese culture, and eventually became an important part of it. That is one of the great historical themes not only for China but also for East Asia. This book explores the elements of Buddhism, including its classics, doctrines, system, and rituals, to reveal the basic connotation of Buddhism as a cultural entity. Regarding the development of Buddhism in China, it traces the spread in chronological order, from the introduction in Han Dynasties (202 BC-220 AD), to the prosperity in the Sixteen Kingdoms (ca. 304-439 AD), and then to the decline since the Five Dynasties (907-ca. 960 AD). It is noteworthy that the Buddhist schools in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD) and the Buddhist sects in Sui and Tang Dynasties (581-907 AD) contributed to the sinicization of Buddhism. This book also deals with the interesting question of the similarities and differences between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism, to examine the specific characters of the former in terms of thought and culture. In the last chapter, the external influence of Chinese Buddhism in East Asia is studied. Scholars and students in Buddhism and Chinese culture studies, especially those in Buddhist countries, will benefit from the book. Also, it will appeal to readers interested in religion, Chinese culture, and ancient Chinese history.

This book interprets China's development and the opportunities it can leverage in the context of unprecedented change and the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to provide case studies and insights for researchers and offer authoritative information for those interested in China’s development. In this book, 20 distinguished experts and researchers contribute their wisdom around five topics: science and technology innovation, ecological environment, the global and Chinese economies, high-tech industry development, and international and Chinese media research.

This book approaches its subject matter in a way that provides Lyapunov function analysis and event-triggered design methods for switched dynamic systems in terms of sampled-data control, hysteresis switching control, and fault-tolerant control. This book presents several novel design methods on event-triggered control of switched linear systems, in which the events inclusively consist of not only switching itself but events occurring as the switched systems evolve. The features of our approaches lie in threefold: i) In the framework of sampled-data control, a bond between the sampling period and the average dwell time of the asynchronous switched linear neutral systems is revealed, with which stabilization conditions are derived for periodic sampling and event-triggered sampling mechanisms, respectively. ii) New event-triggered control strategies are proposed for switched linear systems and switched delay systems including switched neutral systems. The Zeno phenomenon can be excluded easily since the constant threshold can guarantee the existence of minimum positive lower bound between two continuous sampling intervals. iii). Two new fault-tolerant control methods are presented for switched cascade systems, with structural uncertainties existing in both system matrices and input matrices of the linear subsystems, by using the average dwell-time techniques. The proposed control design works on both the switched systems with actuator faults and its nominal systems (i.e., without actuator faults) without necessarily changing any structures and/or parameters of the proposed controllers. This book presents several systematical analysis and design methods for event-triggered control of switched systems in terms of the Lyapunov-based stability. It is of great significance to theoretical research and practical applications for switched systems. The book provides a unified framework of sampled-data control, including periodic sampled-data control and event-triggered control, and fault-tolerant control of switched systems. It serves as a useful book for researchers and graduate students who are interested in knowing the state of the art of analysis and synthesis of switched systems. In addition, it is also a useful source of up-to-date design methods for researchers who study switched dynamic systems and graduate students of control theory and control engineering.

This book discusses poverty reduction and inclusive development in China. The relevant research reports included here combine unique perspectives and thorough analysis, and include both comparative and empirical analyses. Although China is the first country to have achieved the UN's Millennium Development Goals, it still faces enormous problems and challenges in terms of narrowing the income gap, reducing poverty and attaining sustainable development. This book not only provides valuable theoretical material to help readers understand inclusive development and poverty reduction in today's China, but also offers relevant government authorities a solid theoretical and practical basis for informed decision-making.

This book approaches its subject matter in a way that provides Lyapunov function analysis and event-triggered design methods for switched dynamic systems in terms of sampled-data control, hysteresis switching control, and fault-tolerant control. This book presents several novel design methods on event-triggered control of switched linear systems, in which the events inclusively consist of not only switching itself but events occurring as the switched systems evolve. The features of our approaches lie in threefold: i) In the framework of sampled-data control, a bond between the sampling period and the average dwell time of the asynchronous switched linear neutral systems is revealed, with which stabilization conditions are derived for periodic sampling and event-triggered sampling mechanisms, respectively. ii) New event-triggered control strategies are proposed for switched linear systems and switched delay systems including switched neutral systems. The Zeno phenomenon can be excluded easily since the constant threshold can guarantee the existence of minimum positive lower bound between two continuous sampling intervals. iii). Two new fault-tolerant control methods are presented for switched cascade systems, with structural uncertainties existing in both system matrices and input matrices of the linear subsystems, by using the average dwell-time techniques. The proposed control design works on both the switched systems with actuator faults and its nominal systems (i.e., without actuator faults) without necessarily changing any structures and/or parameters of the proposed controllers. This book presents several systematical analysis and design methods for event-triggered control of switched systems in terms of the Lyapunov-based stability. It is of great significance to theoretical research and practical applications for switched systems. The book provides a unified framework of sampled-data control, including periodic sampled-data control and event-triggered control, and fault-tolerant control of switched systems. It serves as a useful book for researchers and graduate students who are interested in knowing the state of the art of analysis and synthesis of switched systems. In addition, it is also a useful source of up-to-date design methods for researchers who study switched dynamic systems and graduate students of control theory and control engineering.

This book discusses poverty reduction and inclusive development in China. The relevant research reports included here combine unique perspectives and thorough analysis, and include both comparative and empirical analyses. Although China is the first country to have achieved the UN's Millennium Development Goals, it still faces enormous problems and challenges in terms of narrowing the income gap, reducing poverty and attaining sustainable development. This book not only provides valuable theoretical material to help readers understand inclusive development and poverty reduction in today's China, but also offers relevant government authorities a solid theoretical and practical basis for informed decision-making.

The rapid development of China's transportation system brings huge challenges to fire safety issues. Fire Protection Engineering Applications for Large Transportation Systems in Chinaanalyzes key fire issues for large transportation systems in rail, airport, tunnels, etc. and offers solutions and best practices for similar projects throughout the world. The first monograph to look at transportation hub fire issues in China looks at architecture features, occupancy and area classification, fire hazard and design difficulties based on local code design. The book then provides case studies to identity the common problems and introduces possible solutions in order to develop a best practice for future design and improvement. The authors worked directly on the case studies provided, which include the Hongqiao airport transportation hub, Beijing and Pudoing airport PBD study, subways in different cities and the high speed train system Cross China. They use their research and investigation to form the theoretical basis for the fire design of urban large transportation hubs and the establishment of corresponding fire codes. The cutting-edge technologies discussed include: Smoke control strategy in complicated multiple function space, assistant evacuation performance based study new technology on fire separation new fire products for smoke detection and intelligent guiding system for evacuation BIM and internet of things used to improve fire management

The main focus of this book is the transport mechanics of sediment particles coated with microbial biofilm, which is called bio-sediment. The book also addresses the question of how to measure and simulate the considerable variation in the properties of natural sediment associated with microbial biofilm, ranging from the micro-scale surface morphology to the macro-scale sediment transport. Nowadays most studies to elucidate the mechanisms of sediment transport have concentrated on physical-chemical sediment properties, little work explicitly coupled sediment dynamics and the environmental effects under the influence of micro-ecosystem, thus leaving a serious gap in water and sediment sciences as well as water ecological research. With respect to physical-chemical sediment properties, this book has been undertaken to evaluate and quantify the effect of biological factors - biofilm on sediment transport mechanics. The chapters cover topics including development of bio-sediment and its properties; model of biofilm growth on sediment substratum; bedform and flow resistance of bio-sediment bed; incipient velocity and settling velocity of bio-sediment; bedload and suspended load transport for bio-sediment; numerical simulation of bio-sediment transport. Besides, the measurement technology, analysis method and expression approach introduced in this book combine the characteristics of hydraulic, environmental and microbial research, having more immediate innovation. This book will be of interest to researchers, managers, practitioners, policy and decision makers, international institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, educators, as well as graduate and undergraduate students in the field of hydraulics and river dynamics. It will help to understand the relevance of sediment transport and biofilm growth under the role of aqueous micro-ecosystem, to introduce better tools for the simulation and prediction of bio-sediment transport, and to provide a scientific basis and application foundation for the research of interaction between sediment particles and ecological and environmental factors.

Since the first century, when Buddhism entered China, the foreign religion has influenced and been influenced in turn by traditional Chinese culture, and eventually became an important part of it. That is one of the great historical themes not only for China but also for East Asia. This book explores the elements of Buddhism, including its classics, doctrines, system, and rituals, to reveal the basic connotation of Buddhism as a cultural entity. Regarding the development of Buddhism in China, it traces the spread in chronological order, from the introduction in Han Dynasties (202 BC-220 AD), to the prosperity in the Sixteen Kingdoms (ca. 304-439 AD), and then to the decline since the Five Dynasties (907-ca. 960 AD). It is noteworthy that the Buddhist schools in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD) and the Buddhist sects in Sui and Tang Dynasties (581-907 AD) contributed to the sinicization of Buddhism. This book also deals with the interesting question of the similarities and differences between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism, to examine the specific characters of the former in terms of thought and culture. In the last chapter, the external influence of Chinese Buddhism in East Asia is studied. Scholars and students in Buddhism and Chinese culture studies, especially those in Buddhist countries, will benefit from the book. Also, it will appeal to readers interested in religion, Chinese culture, and ancient Chinese history.

The rapid development of China's transportation system brings huge challenges to fire safety issues. Fire Protection Engineering Applications for Large Transportation Systems in Chinaanalyzes key fire issues for large transportation systems in rail, airport, tunnels, etc. and offers solutions and best practices for similar projects throughout the world. The first monograph to look at transportation hub fire issues in China looks at architecture features, occupancy and area classification, fire hazard and design difficulties based on local code design. The book then provides case studies to identity the common problems and introduces possible solutions in order to develop a best practice for future design and improvement. The authors worked directly on the case studies provided, which include the Hongqiao airport transportation hub, Beijing and Pudoing airport PBD study, subways in different cities and the high speed train system Cross China. They use their research and investigation to form the theoretical basis for the fire design of urban large transportation hubs and the establishment of corresponding fire codes. The cutting-edge technologies discussed include: Smoke control strategy in complicated multiple function space, assistant evacuation performance based study new technology on fire separation new fire products for smoke detection and intelligent guiding system for evacuation BIM and internet of things used to improve fire management

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 6th Joint International Semantic Technology Conference, JIST 2016, held in Singapore, Singapore, in November 2016. The main topics of JIST 2016 include among others ontology and reasoning; linked data; knowledge graph. The JIST 2016 conference consists of two keynotes, a main technical track, including (full and short papers) from the research and the in-use tracks, a Poster and Demo session, a workshop and two tutorials. The 16 full and 8 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 34 submissions. The papers cover the following topics: ontology and data management; linked data; information retrieval and knowledge discovery; RDF and query; knowledge graph; application of semantic technologies.

Power analysis is an essential tool for determining whether a statistically significant result can be expected in a scientific experiment prior to the experiment being performed. Many funding agencies and institutional review boards now require power analyses to be carried out before they will approve experiments, particularly where they involve the use of human subjects. This comprehensive, yet accessible, book provides practising researchers with step-by-step instructions for conducting power/sample size analyses, assuming only basic prior knowledge of summary statistics and the normal distribution. It contains a unified approach to statistical power analysis, with numerous easy-to-use tables to guide the reader without the need for further calculations or statistical expertise. This will be an indispensable text for researchers and graduates in the medical and biological sciences needing to apply power analysis in the design of their experiments.

Power analysis is an essential tool for determining whether a statistically significant result can be expected in a scientific experiment prior to the experiment being performed. This comprehensive, accessible book provides practicing researchers with step-by-step instructions for conducting power/sample size analyses, assuming only basic prior knowledge of summary statistics and normal distribution. It contains a unified approach to statistical power analysis, with numerous easy-to-use tables that make further calculations or statistical expertise unnecessary.