This volume of papers from the Eighth World Congress deals with changes in proportions and growth rates of sectors of the economy in relation to economic development. It includes a survey of theories of sectoral balance and studies of structural transformation in the Kuznets tradition but with richer economometric models and data on more than 100 countries over several decades. There are in-depth country analyses of India, Korea and Nigeria and for Eastern Europe, the GDR and Hungary. In the last part of the volume the link between agriculture and industry is studied in terms of the importance of rural non-farm activities, the effectiveness of balanced growth and of an agriculture-led development strategy. A wide range of data is examined with one chapter focusing particularly on Japan. Jeffrey Williamson has also written "Modelling Growth Economics in Equilibrium and Disequilibrium" with A.Kelley and "Did British Capitalism Breed Inequality". Amongst his other publications, Vadiraj Panchamukhi has written "Trade Policies in India: A Case Study of Karnataka, Capital Formation and Output in the Third World" and "Planning, Development and World Economic Order".

This essential text provides a clear and engaging introduction to the history of modern Germany. The updated and expanded new edition now takes the story back to 1789 and brings it right up to the present day, adopting a controversy-led approach throughout. Visual evidence, maps, documents and key event boxes support the text and aid learning.

Unpacks the benefits of using technology in education, answering the question, "How can technology free teachers from time and effort devoted to routine matters to instead assume roles that are potentially more satisfying and supportive of their students' learning?" Renowned educators McDiarmid and Zhao explore a timely and critical issue, discussing how technology can revolutionize education in ways that will better position students for an uncertain future. The latest book in the well-known Routledge Leading Change series edited by Andy Hargreaves and Pak Tee Ng.

Unpacks the benefits of using technology in education, answering the question, "How can technology free teachers from time and effort devoted to routine matters to instead assume roles that are potentially more satisfying and supportive of their students' learning?" Renowned educators McDiarmid and Zhao explore a timely and critical issue, discussing how technology can revolutionize education in ways that will better position students for an uncertain future. The latest book in the well-known Routledge Leading Change series edited by Andy Hargreaves and Pak Tee Ng.

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Between 1850 and 1914 about 55 million Europeans migrated to the New World including North and South America, and Australia. This movement marked a profound shift in global population and economic activity. The authors describe this phenomenon and analyse the effects that underlie it.

Contents:
Part I. Introduction
1. Globalizaton challenge and economic response in the Mediterranean. Sevket Pamuk and Jeffrey G. Williamson
Part II. Long Run Growth: A Comparative Assessment
2. How poor was the European periphery before 1850? The Mediterranean vs Scandinavia. Jaime Reis
3. Real wages and relative factor prices around the Mediterranean 1500-1940. Jeffrey G. Williamson
4. European economic development: The core and the Southern periphery 1870-1910 James Foreman-Peck and Pedro Lains
Part III. Long Run Growth: Country Studies
5. Growth and retardation in Ottoman Macedonia 1880-1910 Ahmed Akarli
6. The choice of technology: Spanish, Italian, British and US cotton mills compared 1830-1860. Joan Ramon Roses
Part IV. Trade, Transport and Domestic Production in the Century Before WWII
7. Specialization in the international market for olive oil before WWII. Ramon Ramon-Munoz
8. International competition and the developoment of the dried fruit industry 1880-1930. Jose Morilla-Critz, Alan Olmstead and Paul Rhode
9. International shipping in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea: Istanbul as a maritime center 1870-1910. Gelina Harlaftis and Vassilis Kardasis
Part V. Pre-1914 Policy Choices and the Political Economy of Growth
10. Much Ado About Nothing? Italian trade policy in late 19th century. Giovanni Federico and Kevin H. O'Rourke
11. What slowed down the mass emigration from Spain before WWII? A comparison with Italy. Blanca Sanchez-Alonso
Part VI: Interwar Policy Choices and the Political Economy of Growth
12. Intervention during the Great Depression: another look at Turkish experience. Sevket Pamuk
13. Egyptian commodity markets in the age of economic liberalism. Tarik Yousef
Part VII Twentieth Century Palestine
14. Economic growth and external trade in mandatory Palestine: a special Mediterranean case. Jacob Metzer

The Third Reich is a succinct, comprehensive examination of the major debates surrounding this crucial period in modern German history. The character and operation of the Nazi state, and of its global consequences, have been discussed and disputed since 1933. David G. Williamson's Seminar Studies text, now in its fifth edition, provides students with a lucid introduction to the Third Reich and highlights the relevant research, scholarship and controversies. The new edition has been expanded to give increased coverage to such topics as: ethnic cleansing in Poland and Russia, the role of the Wehrmacht, the Holocaust, attitudes of ordinary Germans to the Third Reich, the German opposition, Nazi foreign policy and the German economy. Accompanied by a wide range of primary sources, a timeline, maps and a glossary, The Third Reich remains the best available introduction to this short-lived but enormously impactful period in world history.

The Cambridge History of Capitalism is a comprehensive two-volume work that provides an authoritative account of the evolution of capitalism and its spread and impact across the world. Adopting a wide geographical coverage and strong comparative perspective, an international team of leading scholars delve deep into the historical roots of capitalism and provide a definitive reference on the global development of capitalism and the varieties of responses to it. Volume 1 traces the rise of capitalism from distant origins in ancient Babylon to modern times, determining what features of modern capitalism were present at each time and place, and why the various precursors of capitalism did not survive. Volume 2 explores the global consequences that capitalism has had for industry, agriculture and trade, along with the reactions by governments, firms and markets. These groundbreaking volumes will have widespread appeal amongst historians, economists and political scientists.

Unequal Gains offers a radically new understanding of the economic evolution of the United States, providing a complete picture of the uneven progress of America from colonial times to today. While other economic historians base their accounts on American wealth, Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson focus instead on income--and the result is a bold reassessment of the American economic experience. America has been exceptional in its rising inequality after an egalitarian start, but not in its long-run growth. America had already achieved world income leadership by 1700, not just in the twentieth century as is commonly thought. Long before independence, American colonists enjoyed higher living standards than Britain--and America's income advantage today is no greater than it was three hundred years ago. But that advantage was lost during the Revolution, lost again during the Civil War, and lost a third time during the Great Depression, though it was regained after each crisis. In addition, Lindert and Williamson show how income inequality among Americans rose steeply in two great waves--from 1774 to 1860 and from the 1970s to today--rising more than in any other wealthy nation in the world. Unequal Gains also demonstrates how the widening income gaps have always touched every social group, from the richest to the poorest. The book sheds critical light on the forces that shaped American income history, and situates that history in a broad global context. Economic writing at its most stimulating, Unequal Gains provides a vitally needed perspective on who has benefited most from American growth, and why.

The second volume of The Cambridge History of Capitalism provides an authoritative reference on the spread and impact of capitalism across the world, and the varieties of responses to it. Employing a wide geographical coverage and strong comparative outlook, a team of leading scholars explore the global consequences that capitalism has had for industry, agriculture, and trade, along with the reactions by governments, firms, and markets. The authors consider how World War I halted the initial spread of capitalism, but global capitalism arose again by the close of the twentieth century. They explore how the responses of labor movements, compounded by the reactions by political regimes, whether defensive or proactive, led to diverse military and welfare consequences. Beneficial results eventually emerged, but the rise and spread of capitalism has not been easy or smooth. This definitive volume will have widespread appeal amongst historians, economists, and political scientists.

Late Nineteenth-Century American Development is an economist's attempt to interpret a critical period of US history, from Civil War to World War I. The questions raised have always been at the heart of American historiography. What accounts for the retardation up to the turn of the century? How did capital markets operate and what was their influence on the pace and pattern of our growth? What determined farm performance and what impact did that performance have on the economy as a whole? Yet while the questions raised in this book are familiar, the methods are not. This book blends traditional historical analysis with general equilibrium theory, modern macroeconomics and simulation analysis. The result is a provocative book of remarkable scope which offers a fresh interpretation of late nineteenth-century American growth.

A trusted member of the Byzantine establishment, Procopius was the Empire's official chronicler, and his History of the Wars of Justinian proclaimed the strength and wisdom of the Emperor's reign. Yet all the while the dutiful scribe was working on a very different - and dangerous - history to be published only once its author was safely in his grave. The Secret History portrays the 'great lawgiver' Justinian as a rampant king of corruption and tyranny, the Empress Theodora as a sorceress and whore, and the brilliant general Belisarius as the pliable dupe of his scheming wife Antonina. Magnificently hyperbolic and highly opinionated, The Secret History is a work of explosive energy, depicting holy Byzantium as a hell of murder and misrule.

Coping With City Growth assesses British performance with city growth during the First Industrial Revolution by combining the tools used by Third World analysts with the archival attention and eclectic style of the economic historian. What emerges is an exciting and provocative new account of a very old problem. The debate over Third World city growth is hardly new, and can be found in the British Parliamentary Papers as early as the 1830s, in treatises by political economists, and in the British Press. This book should change the way urban history is written in the future and influence the way we think about contemporary Third World cities.

Two of the world's leading economists, Philippe Aghion (a theorist) and Jeffrey Williamson (an economic historian), jointly question the conventional wisdom on inequality and growth, and address its inability to explain recent economic experience. Aghion assesses the effects of inequality on growth, and asks whether inequality matters: is excessive inequality bad for growth, and is it possible to reconcile aggregate findings with microeconomic theories of incentives? Jeffrey Williamson then discusses the Kuznets hypothesis, and focuses on the causes of wage and income inequality in developed economies.

Coping with City Growth assesses Britain's handling of city growth during the First Industrial Revolution by combining the tools used by Third World analysts with the archival attention and eclectic style of the economic historian. What emerges is an exciting and provocative accounts that have long occupied problem development economists: urban unemployment, underemployment, and the alleged failure of city labour markets to absorb the flood of rural emigrants; the persistent influx of newcomers, which makes it difficult for municipal planners to improve the quality of social overhead; the crowding of migrants into densely packed urban slums with few, if any, social services; and rising density and city size which augment pollution while lowering the quality of the urban environment.

The second volume of The Cambridge History of Capitalism provides an authoritative reference on the spread and impact of capitalism across the world, and the varieties of responses to it. Employing a wide geographical coverage and strong comparative outlook, a team of leading scholars explore the global consequences that capitalism has had for industry, agriculture, and trade, along with the reactions by governments, firms, and markets. The authors consider how World War I halted the initial spread of capitalism, but global capitalism arose again by the close of the twentieth century. They explore how the responses of labor movements, compounded by the reactions by political regimes, whether defensive or proactive, led to diverse military and welfare consequences. Beneficial results eventually emerged, but the rise and spread of capitalism has not been easy or smooth. This definitive volume will have widespread appeal amongst historians, economists, and political scientists.

An irascible, brilliant man, trained as an economist, Karl Helfferich became one of Wilhelmine Germany's leading financiers in the years after 1905. During World War I, he held a series of important Reich offices and, after 1918, became a leading right-wing politician in the Weimar Republic. As creator of the basic plan to stabilize the mark in 1923, he played a major role in ending the catastrophic postwar inflation. John Williamson's biography of Helfferich thus reflects German controversies over the crucial political, economic, and social issues of the era 1895-1924: e.g., industrialization, colonial development, the Bagdad Railway and imperialism, unrestricted submarine warfare, wartime political reform, war aims, and postwar financial and foreign policy. Originally published in 1971. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

‘It is God, then, God Himself who is bringing with the Romans fire to purge the Temple and is blotting out the city, brimful of corruption’

Josephus’ account of a war marked by treachery and atrocity is a superbly detailed and evocative record of the Jewish rebellion against Rome between AD 66 and 70. Originally a rebel leader, Josephus changed sides after he was captured to become a Rome-appointed negotiator, and so was uniquely placed to observe these turbulent events, from the siege of Jerusalem to the final heroic resistance and mass suicides at Masada. His account provides much of what we know about the history of the Jews under Roman rule, with vivid portraits of such key figures as the Emperor Vespasian and Herod the Great. Often self-justifying and divided in its loyalties, The Jewish War nevertheless remains one of the most immediate accounts of war, its heroism and its horrors, ever written.

G. A. Williamson’s translation makes this complex work accessible to the general reader, while E. Mary Smallwood’s revisions bring the benefits of more recent advances in scholarship, making this the definitive edition.

Unequal Gains offers a radically new understanding of the economic evolution of the United States, providing a complete picture of the uneven progress of America from colonial times to today. While other economic historians base their accounts on American wealth, Peter Lindert and Jeffrey Williamson focus instead on income--and the result is a bold reassessment of the American economic experience. America has been exceptional in its rising inequality after an egalitarian start, but not in its long-run growth. America had already achieved world income leadership by 1700, not just in the twentieth century as is commonly thought. Long before independence, American colonists enjoyed higher living standards than Britain--and America's income advantage today is no greater than it was three hundred years ago. But that advantage was lost during the Revolution, lost again during the Civil War, and lost a third time during the Great Depression, though it was regained after each crisis. In addition, Lindert and Williamson show how income inequality among Americans rose steeply in two great waves--from 1774 to 1860 and from the 1970s to today--rising more than in any other wealthy nation in the world. Unequal Gains also demonstrates how the widening income gaps have always touched every social group, from the richest to the poorest. The book sheds critical light on the forces that shaped American income history, and situates that history in a broad global context. Economic writing at its most stimulating, Unequal Gains provides a vitally needed perspective on who has benefited most from American growth, and why.

The first volume of The Cambridge History of Capitalism provides a comprehensive account of the evolution of capitalism from its earliest beginnings. Starting with its distant origins in ancient Babylon, successive chapters trace progression up to the 'Promised Land' of capitalism in America. Adopting a wide geographical coverage and comparative perspective, the international team of authors discuss the contributions of Greek, Roman, and Asian civilizations to the development of capitalism, as well as the Chinese, Indian and Arab empires. They determine what features of modern capitalism were present at each time and place, and why the various precursors of capitalism did not survive. Looking at the eventual success of medieval Europe and the examples of city-states in northern Italy and the Low Countries, the authors address how British mercantilism led to European imitations and American successes, and ultimately, how capitalism became global.

The first volume of The Cambridge History of Capitalism provides a comprehensive account of the evolution of capitalism from its earliest beginnings. Starting with its distant origins in ancient Babylon, successive chapters trace progression up to the 'Promised Land' of capitalism in America. Adopting a wide geographical coverage and comparative perspective, the international team of authors discuss the contributions of Greek, Roman and Asian civilizations to the development of capitalism, as well as the Chinese, Indian and Arab empires. They determine what features of modern capitalism were present at each time and place, and why the various precursors of capitalism did not survive. Looking at the eventual success of medieval Europe and the examples of city-states in northern Italy and the Low Countries, the authors address how British mercantilism led to European imitations and American successes, and ultimately, how capitalism became global.

A clear, readable translation of the ten books of Bishop Eusebius’s Ecclesiastical History—the only surviving record of the Church during its crucial first three hundred years—this edition recounts the martyrdoms, heresies, schisms, and proceedings that led to Nicaea and other great church councils.

An irascible, brilliant man, trained as an economist, Karl Helfferich became one of Wilhelmine Germany's leading financiers in the years after 1905. During World War I, he held a series of important Reich offices and, after 1918, became a leading right-wing politician in the Weimar Republic. As creator of the basic plan to stabilize the mark in 1923, he played a major role in ending the catastrophic postwar inflation. John Williamson's biography of Helfferich thus reflects German controversies over the crucial political, economic, and social issues of the era 1895-1924: e.g., industrialization, colonial development, the Bagdad Railway and imperialism, unrestricted submarine warfare, wartime political reform, war aims, and postwar financial and foreign policy. Originally published in 1971. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.