When political parties make policy decisions they are influenced by the competition they face from other parties. This book examines how party competition and party systems affect reforms of social protection. Featuring a historical comparison of Italy and Germany post-1945, the book shows how a high number of parties and ideological polarisation lead to fragmented and unequal social benefits.

Utilising a comparative approach, the author brings together two important issues in welfare state research that have been insufficiently investigated. Firstly, the complex influence of party competition on social policy-making, and second, how some social groups enjoy better social protection than others. Moving beyond the two countries of the case study, the book proposes an innovative framework for studying segmentation of social protection and applies this framework to a wider set of 15 advanced welfare states. Overall, this book draws together different strands of research on political parties and on welfare states, and introduces a new argument on how party politics shapes social policy.

An invaluable text on the political economy of the welfare state, Politics of Segmentation will be of interest to scholars of political economy, social policy and comparative politics.

When political parties make policy decisions they are influenced by the competition they face from other parties. This book examines how party competition and party systems affect reforms of social protection. Featuring a historical comparison of Italy and Germany post-1945, the book shows how a high number of parties and ideological polarisation lead to fragmented and unequal social benefits.

Utilising a comparative approach, the author brings together two important issues in welfare state research that have been insufficiently investigated. Firstly, the complex influence of party competition on social policy-making, and second, how some social groups enjoy better social protection than others. Moving beyond the two countries of the case study, the book proposes an innovative framework for studying segmentation of social protection and applies this framework to a wider set of 15 advanced welfare states. Overall, this book draws together different strands of research on political parties and on welfare states, and introduces a new argument on how party politics shapes social policy.

An invaluable text on the political economy of the welfare state, Politics of Segmentation will be of interest to scholars of political economy, social policy and comparative politics.

Collection of erotic films by French director Alain Robbe-Grillet. 'The Immortal One' (1963) stars Jacques Doniol-Valcroze and Françoise Brion as a sad man and a beautiful woman who meet unexpectedly and persue a passionate affair. 'Trans-Europe Express' (1967) tells the story of a film director, Jean (Robbe-Grillet), his producer and his assistant as they ride the Trans-Europe Express train from Paris to Antwerp. In 'The Man Who Lies' (1968), Jean-Louis Trintignant stars as Boris, a man who is believed to have betrayed his country during World War II. After he is taken in by the family of a dead rebel, he witnesses the lesbian affair between the man's sister and a servant and must decide whether to continue down the path of deception or get back on the straight and narrow. 'Eden and After' (1970) is an erotic horror starring Catherine Jourdan and Lorraine Rainer as students who take part in a series of games in a quiet café. In 'N. Rolls the Dice' (1971), a young man who makes a living playing dice becomes haunted by the image of two women with short hair. 'Successive Slidings of Pleasure' (1974) examines the story of a young woman believed to be a witch. When her partner Nora (Olga Georges-Picot) is found dead, stabbed through the heart with a pair of scissors, she is incarcerated in a convent prison where her sexual fantasies are perceived as the devil's work.

Collection of erotic films by French director Alain Robbe-Grillet. 'The Immortal One' (1963) stars Jacques Doniol-Valcroze and Françoise Brion as a sad man and a beautiful woman who meet unexpectedly and persue a passionate affair. 'Trans-Europe Express' (1967) tells the story of a film director, Jean (Robbe-Grillet), his producer and his assistant as they ride the Trans-Europe Express train from Paris to Antwerp. In 'The Man Who Lies' (1968), Jean-Louis Trintignant stars as Boris, a man who is believed to have betrayed his country during World War II. After he is taken in by the family of a dead rebel, he witnesses the lesbian affair between the man's sister and a servant and must decide whether to continue down the path of deception or get back on the straight and narrow. 'Eden and After' (1970) is an erotic horror starring Catherine Jourdan and Lorraine Rainer as students who take part in a series of games in a quiet café. In 'N. Rolls the Dice' (1971), a young man who makes a living playing dice becomes haunted by the image of two women with short hair. 'Successive Slidings of Pleasure' (1974) examines the story of a young woman believed to be a witch. When her partner Nora (Olga Georges-Picot) is found dead, stabbed through the heart with a pair of scissors, she is incarcerated in a convent prison where her sexual fantasies are perceived as the devil's work.