Backpackers have shifted from the margins of the travel industry into the global spotlight. This volume explores the international backpacker phenomenon, drawing together different disciplinary perspectives on its meaning, impact and significance. Links are drawn between theory and practice, setting backpacking in its wider social, cultural and economic context.

Backpackers have shifted from the margins of the travel industry into the global spotlight. This volume explores the international backpacker phenomenon, drawing together different disciplinary perspectives on its meaning, impact and significance. Links are drawn between theory and practice, setting backpacking in its wider social, cultural and economic context.

This book investigates the way localities are shaped and negotiated through tourism, and explores the emerging success of local peer-produced hospitality and tourism services which are transforming the tourist experience. Tourists are now being brought into much closer contact with locals and have new opportunities to experience the community at their destination. This book examines these place experiences and travel-sharing arrangements that have now spread globally due to the use of social communication platforms such as Airbnb. It analyses the existence of global communities of 'place experts' that are redefining the organisational structures, value systems, market opportunities, affordabilities and geographies in travel and tourism. This volume brings together the work of established tourism scholars as well as early career researchers and is one of the first books to examine the global-local relationship at tourism destinations and the way that the rapidly developing field of peer-to-peer tourism is transforming tourist destinations.

How can small cities make an impact in a globalizing world dominated by 'world cities' and urban development strategies aimed at increasing agglomeration? This book addresses the challenges of smaller cities trying to put themselves on the map, attract resources and initiate development. Placemaking has become an important tool for driving urban development that is sensitive to the needs of communities. This volume examines the development of creative placemaking practices that can help to link small cities to external networks, stimulate collaboration and help them make the most of the opportunities presented by the knowledge economy. The authors argue that the adoption of more strategic, holistic placemaking strategies that engage all stakeholders can be a successful alternative to copying bigger places. Drawing on a range of examples from around the world, they analyse small city development strategies and identify key success factors. This book focuses on the case of 's-Hertogenbosch, a small Dutch city that used cultural programming to link itself to global networks and stimulate economic, cultural, social and creative development. It advocates the use of cultural programming strategies as a more flexible alternative to traditional top-down planning approaches and as a means of avoiding copying the big city.

Social impacts are increasingly used as one of the main justifications for staging and funding events, and yet there is very little empirical evidence on the extent to which these impacts are realised by different kinds of events or in different settings. This timely volume fills this gap by being the first to explore the different social aspects of events, looking in particular at the role of events in developing social capital, social cohesion and participation in local communities. Based on cutting edge empirical research, it evaluatesthe contribution of both cultural and sports events to social capital, social cohesion, community spirit and local pride in range of different types of events and settings, with case studies drawn from Europe, Australia and South Africa. It therefore furthers knowledge about the social benefits and impacts of events and significantly contributes to the development of Events as a discipline. Written by leading academics in this area, this volume is essential reading for all those interested in Events Management and Studies.

The Routledge Handbook of Cultural Tourism explores and critically evaluates the debates and controversies in this field of Tourism. It brings together leading specialists from a range of disciplinary backgrounds and geographical regions, to provide state-of-the-art theoretical reflection and empirical research on this significant stream of tourism and its future direction. The book is divided into 7 inter-related sections. Section 1 looks at the historical, philosophical and theoretical framework for cultural tourism. This section debates tourist autonomy role play, authenticity, imaginaries, cross-cultural issues and inter-disciplinarity Section 2 analyses the role that politics takes in cultural tourism. This section also looks at ways in which cultural tourism is used as a policy instrument for economic development. Section 3 focuses on social patterns and trends, such as the mobilities paradigm, performativity, reflexivity and traditional hospitality, as well as considering sensitive social issues such as dark tourism. Section 4 analyses community and development, exploring adaptive forms of cultural tourism, as well as more sustainble models for indigenous tourism development. Section 5 discusses Landscapes and Destinations, including the transformation of space into place, issues of authenticity in landscape, the transformation of urban and rural landscapes into tourism products and conservation versus development dilemmas. Section 6 refers to Regeneration and Planning, especially the creative turn in cultural tourism, which can be used to avoid problems of serial reproduction, standardisation and homogenisation. Section 7 deals with The Tourist and Visitor Experience, emphasising the desire of tourists to be more actively and interactively engaged in cultural tourism. This significant volume offers the reader a comprehensive synthesis of this field, conveying the latest thinking and research. The text is international in focus, encouraging dialogue across disciplinary boundaries and areas of study and will be an invaluable resource for all those with an interest in Cultural Tourism. This is essential reading for students, researchers and academics of Tourism as well as those of related studies in particular Cultural Studies, Leisure, Geography, Sociology, Politics and Economics.

Processes of globalization, economic restructuring and urban redevelopment have placed events at the centre of strategies for change in cities. Events offer the potential to achieve economic, social, cultural and environmental outcomes within broader urban development strategies. This volume: analyzes the process of cultural event development, management and marketing and links these processes to their wider cultural, social and economic context provides a unique blend of practical and academic analysis, with a selection of major events and festivals in cities where 'eventfulness' has been an important element of development strategy examines the reasons why different stakeholders should collaborate, as well as the reasons why cities succeed or fail to develop events and become eventful. Eventful Cities evaluates theoretical perspectives and links theory and practice through case studies of cities and events across the world. Critical success factors are identified which can help to guide cities and regions to develop event strategies. This book is essential reading for any undergraduate or graduate student and all practitioners and policy-makers involved in event management, cultural management, arts administration, urban studies, cultural studies and tourism.

In recent years, a growing emphasis has been placed on tourism experiences and attractions related to food. In many cases eating out while on holiday includes the 'consumption' of a local heritage, comparable to what is experienced when visiting historical sites and museums. Despite this increasing attention, however, systematic research on the subject has been nearly absent. Tourism and Gastronomy addresses this by drawing together a group of international experts in order to develop a better understanding of the role, development and future of gastronomy and culinary heritage in tourism. Students and researchers in the areas of tourism, heritage, hospitality, hotel management and catering will find this book an extremely valuable source of information.

Processes of globalization, economic restructuring and urban redevelopment have placed events at the centre of strategies for change in cities. Events offer the potential to achieve economic, social, cultural and environmental outcomes within broader urban development strategies. This volume: analyzes the process of cultural event development, management and marketing and links these processes to their wider cultural, social and economic context provides a unique blend of practical and academic analysis, with a selection of major events and festivals in cities where 'eventfulness' has been an important element of development strategy examines the reasons why different stakeholders should collaborate, as well as the reasons why cities succeed or fail to develop events and become eventful. Eventful Cities evaluates theoretical perspectives and links theory and practice through case studies of cities and events across the world. Critical success factors are identified which can help to guide cities and regions to develop event strategies. This book is essential reading for any undergraduate or graduate student and all practitioners and policy-makers involved in event management, cultural management, arts administration, urban studies, cultural studies and tourism.

Contents:
1. The community; a sustainable concept in tourism development? Greg Richards and Derek Hall
Part 1. Community, Participation and Identity
2. Approaches to sustainable tourism planning and community participation: the case of the Hope Valley Bill Bramwell and Angela Sharman
3. Residents' perceptions of the socio-cultural impacts of tourism at Lake Balaton, Hungary Tamara Rátz
4. Identity, community and sustainability: prospects for rural tourism in Albania Derek Hall
Part 2: Sustainable Tourism and the Community
5. Environmental standards and performance measurement in tourism destination development Brian Goodall and Mike Stabler
6. Developing sustainable tourism in the Trossachs, Scotland Alison Caffyn
7. Establishing the common ground: tourism, neighbourhood and environmental quality in Edinburgh, Scotland Frank Howie
8. Local Agenda 21: reclaiming community ownership in tourism or stalled process? Guy Jackson and Nigel Morpeth
Part 3 : Developing Community Enterprise
9. Fair trade in tourism - community development or marketing tool? Graeme Evans and Robert Cleverdon
10. Tourism, small enterprises and community development Heidi Dahles
11. Gili Trawangan: from desert island to 'marginal' paradise. Local participation, small-scale entrepreneurs and outside investors in an Indonesian tourist destination Theo Kamsma and Karin Bras
12. Tourism in Friesland: a network approach Janine Caalders
13. Understanding community tourism entrepreneurism: some evidence from Texas Khoon Y. Koh
Part 4: Rural Communities and Tourism Development
14. Can sustainble tourism positively influence rural regions? Jan van der Straaten
15. Cultural tourism and the community in rural Ireland Jane Stocks
16. Agritourism - a path to community development? The case of Bangunkerto, Indonesia David Telfer
17. Community and rural development in Northern Portugal Joachim Kappert
18. The market for rural tourism in North and Central Portugal: a Benefit - Segmentation approach Elisabeth Kastenholz
19. Tourism brand attributes of the Alto Minho, Portugal Jonathan Edwards, Carlos Fernandes, Julian Fox and David Vaughan
20. Conclusions. Greg Richards and Derek Hall

In recent years, a growing emphasis has been placed on tourism experiences and attractions related to food. In many cases eating out while on holiday includes the 'consumption' of a local heritage, comparable to what is experienced when visiting historical sites and museums.
Despite this increasing attention, however, systematic research on the subject has been nearly absent. Tourism and Gastronomy addresses this by drawing together a group of international experts in order to develop a better understanding of the role, development and future of gastronomy and culinary heritage in tourism.
Students and researchers in the areas of tourism, heritage, hospitality, hotel management and catering will find this book an extremely valuable source of information.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203218612

Contents:
1. The community; a sustainable concept in tourism development? Greg Richards and Derek Hall
Part 1. Community, Participation and Identity
2. Approaches to sustainable tourism planning and community participation: the case of the Hope Valley Bill Bramwell and Angela Sharman
3. Residents' perceptions of the socio-cultural impacts of tourism at Lake Balaton, Hungary Tamara Rátz
4. Identity, community and sustainability: prospects for rural tourism in Albania Derek Hall
Part 2: Sustainable Tourism and the Community
5. Environmental standards and performance measurement in tourism destination development Brian Goodall and Mike Stabler
6. Developing sustainable tourism in the Trossachs, Scotland Alison Caffyn
7. Establishing the common ground: tourism, neighbourhood and environmental quality in Edinburgh, Scotland Frank Howie
8. Local Agenda 21: reclaiming community ownership in tourism or stalled process? Guy Jackson and Nigel Morpeth
Part 3 : Developing Community Enterprise
9. Fair trade in tourism - community development or marketing tool? Graeme Evans and Robert Cleverdon
10. Tourism, small enterprises and community development Heidi Dahles
11. Gili Trawangan: from desert island to 'marginal' paradise. Local participation, small-scale entrepreneurs and outside investors in an Indonesian tourist destination Theo Kamsma and Karin Bras
12. Tourism in Friesland: a network approach Janine Caalders
13. Understanding community tourism entrepreneurism: some evidence from Texas Khoon Y. Koh
Part 4: Rural Communities and Tourism Development
14. Can sustainble tourism positively influence rural regions? Jan van der Straaten
15. Cultural tourism and the community in rural Ireland Jane Stocks
16. Agritourism - a path to community development? The case of Bangunkerto, Indonesia David Telfer
17. Community and rural development in Northern Portugal Joachim Kappert
18. The market for rural tourism in North and Central Portugal: a Benefit - Segmentation approach Elisabeth Kastenholz
19. Tourism brand attributes of the Alto Minho, Portugal Jonathan Edwards, Carlos Fernandes, Julian Fox and David Vaughan
20. Conclusions. Greg Richards and Derek Hall

The Routledge Handbook of Cultural Tourism explores and critically evaluates the debates and controversies in this field of Tourism. It brings together leading specialists from a range of disciplinary backgrounds and geographical regions, to provide state-of-the-art theoretical reflection and empirical research on this significant stream of tourism and its future direction. The book is divided into 7 inter-related sections. Section 1 looks at the historical, philosophical and theoretical framework for cultural tourism. This section debates tourist autonomy role play, authenticity, imaginaries, cross-cultural issues and inter-disciplinarity Section 2 analyses the role that politics takes in cultural tourism. This section also looks at ways in which cultural tourism is used as a policy instrument for economic development. Section 3 focuses on social patterns and trends, such as the mobilities paradigm, performativity, reflexivity and traditional hospitality, as well as considering sensitive social issues such as dark tourism. Section 4 analyses community and development, exploring adaptive forms of cultural tourism, as well as more sustainble models for indigenous tourism development. Section 5 discusses Landscapes and Destinations, including the transformation of space into place, issues of authenticity in landscape, the transformation of urban and rural landscapes into tourism products and conservation versus development dilemmas. Section 6 refers to Regeneration and Planning, especially the creative turn in cultural tourism, which can be used to avoid problems of serial reproduction, standardisation and homogenisation. Section 7 deals with The Tourist and Visitor Experience, emphasising the desire of tourists to be more actively and interactively engaged in cultural tourism. This significant volume offers the reader a comprehensive synthesis of this field, conveying the latest thinking and research. The text is international in focus, encouraging dialogue across disciplinary boundaries and areas of study and will be an invaluable resource for all those with an interest in Cultural Tourism. This is essential reading for students, researchers and academics of Tourism as well as those of related studies in particular Cultural Studies, Leisure, Geography, Sociology, Politics and Economics.

Destinations across the world are beginning to replace or supplement culture-led development strategies with creative development. This book critically analyzes the impact and effectiveness of creative strategies in tourism development and charts the emergence of 'creative tourism'. Why has 'creativity' become such an important aspect of development strategies and of tourism development in particular? Why is this happening now, apparently simultaneously, in so many destinations across the globe? What is the difference between cultural tourism and creative tourism? These are among the important questions this book answers. It critically examines the developing relationship between tourism and creativity, the articulation of the 'creative turn' in tourism, and the impact this has on theoretical perspectives and practical approaches to tourism development. A wide range of examples from Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and Africa explore the interface between tourism and creativity including: creative spaces and places such as cultural and creative clusters and ethnic precincts; the role of the creative industries and entrepreneurs in the creation of experiences; creativity and rural areas; the 'creative class' and tourism; lifestyle, creativity and tourism and marketing creative tourism destinations. The relationship between individual and collective forms of creativity and the widely differing forms of modern tourism are also discussed. In the concluding section of the book the contribution of creativity to tourism and to development strategies in general is assessed, and areas for future research are outlined. The diverse multidisciplinary contributions link theory and practice, and demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of creativity as a tourism development strategy and marketing tool. It is the first exploration of the relationship between tourism and creativity and its consequences for tourism development in different parts of the world.

Events are becoming more complex as their range of functions grows, as: meeting places, creative spaces, economic catalysts, social drivers, community, image makers, business forums, and network nodes. Effective design can produce more successful business models that can help to sustain cultural and sporting activities even in difficult economic times. This process requires creative imagination, and a design methodology or in other words Imagineering .
This book brings together a wide range of international experts in the fields of events, design and Imagineering to examine the event design process. It explores the entire event experience from conception and production to consumption and co-creation. By doing so it offers insight into effective strategies for coping with the shift in value creation away from transactional economic value towards social and relational value which benefit a range of stakeholders from the community to policy makers. Mega-events, small community events, business events and festivals in eight different countries are examined providing an international view of social issues in event design.
A wide selection of current research perspectives are employed, integrating both theoretical and applied contributions. The multidisciplinary nature of the material means that it will appeal to a broad academic audience, such as art and design, cultural studies, tourism, events studies, sociology and hospitality.
"

Social impacts are increasingly used as one of the main justifications for staging and funding events, and yet there is very little empirical evidence on the extent to which these impacts are realised by different kinds of events or in different settings.

This timely volume fills this gap by being the first to explore the different social aspects of events, looking in particular at the role of events in developing social capital, social cohesion and participation in local communities. Based on cutting edge empirical research, it evaluatesthe contribution of both cultural and sports events to social capital, social cohesion, community spirit and local pride in range of different types of events and settings, with case studies drawn from Europe, Australia and South Africa. It therefore furthers knowledge about the social benefits and impacts of events and significantly contributes to the development of Events as a discipline.

Written by leading academics in this area, this volume is essential reading for all those interested in Events Management and Studies.

Destinations across the world are beginning to replace or supplement culture-led development strategies with creative development. This book critically analyzes the impact and effectiveness of creative strategies in tourism development and charts the emergence of 'creative tourism'. Why has creativity become such an important aspect of development strategies and of tourism development in particular? Why is this happening now, apparently simultaneously, in so many destinations across the globe? What is the difference between cultural tourism and creative tourism? These are among the important questions this book answers.

It critically examines the developing relationship between tourism and creativity, the articulation of the creative turn in tourism, and the impact this has on theoretical perspectives and practical approaches to tourism development. A wide range of examples from Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and Africa explore the interface between tourism and creativity including: creative spaces and places such as cultural and creative clusters and ethnic precincts; the role of the creative industries and entrepreneurs in the creation of experiences; creativity and rural areas; the 'creative class' and tourism; lifestyle, creativity and tourism and marketing creative tourism destinations. The relationship between individual and collective forms of creativity and the widely differing forms of modern tourism are also discussed. In the concluding section of the book the contribution of creativity to tourism and to development strategies in general is assessed, and areas for future research are outlined.
The diverse multidisciplinary contributions link theory and practice, and demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of creativity as a tourism development strategy and marketing tool. It is the first exploration of the relationship between tourism and creativity and its consequences for tourism development in different parts of the world."

How can small cities make an impact in a globalizing world dominated by 'world cities' and urban development strategies aimed at increasing agglomeration? This book addresses the challenges of smaller cities trying to put themselves on the map, attract resources and initiate development. Placemaking has become an important tool for driving urban development that is sensitive to the needs of communities. This volume examines the development of creative placemaking practices that can help to link small cities to external networks, stimulate collaboration and help them make the most of the opportunities presented by the knowledge economy. The authors argue that the adoption of more strategic, holistic placemaking strategies that engage all stakeholders can be a successful alternative to copying bigger places. Drawing on a range of examples from around the world, they analyse small city development strategies and identify key success factors. This book focuses on the case of 's-Hertogenbosch, a small Dutch city that used cultural programming to link itself to global networks and stimulate economic, cultural, social and creative development. It advocates the use of cultural programming strategies as a more flexible alternative to traditional top-down planning approaches and as a means of avoiding copying the big city.

Events are becoming more complex as their range of functions grows, as meeting places, creative spaces, economic catalysts, social drivers, community builders, image makers, business forums and network nodes. Effective design can produce more successful business models that can help to sustain cultural and sporting activities even in difficult economic times. This process requires creative imagination, and a design methodology or in other words 'imagineering'. This book brings together a wide range of international experts in the fields of events, design and imagineering to examine the event design process. It explores the entire event experience from conception and production to consumption and co-creation. By doing so it offers insight into effective strategies for coping with the shift in value creation away from transactional economic value towards social and relational value which benefit a range of stakeholders from the community to policy makers. Mega-events, small community events, business events and festivals in eight different countries are examined providing an international view of social issues in event design. A wide selection of current research perspectives is employed, integrating both theoretical and applied contributions. The multidisciplinary nature of the material means that it will appeal to a broad academic audience, such as art and design, cultural studies, tourism, events studies, sociology and hospitality.

A unique chance to explore different aspects of place, heritage, and tourism For many nations around the world, cultural tourism is not only a major industry but also a support for national identity and a means for preserving heritage. Cultural Tourism: Global and Local Perspectives brings together in one volume interdisciplinary explorations of cultural tourism from leading international authorities in different locations around the world. Experts from the Cultural Tourism Research Group of the Association for Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS) discuss major issues that have emerged from the ATLAS research program over the past decade. Students and practitioners can examine important global and local issues such as authenticity, 'placelessness', the changing relationships between local communities and tourists, the changing meaning of religious heritage, festivals, and special events. Cultural Tourism presents a unique view of global and local cultural tourism issues in four main sections. The first part is a collection of discussions on the tensions caused by globalization, with an emphasis on the issue of authenticity. The second part focuses on cultural tourism demand, with examinations on the motivations and behavior of cultural tourists in various destinations. The third section spotlights the relationship between tourists, residents, and local culture. The final part examines ways cultural events can develop tourism. 72 figures and tables make complex information easy to access and understand. Topics in Cultural Tourism include: interpretation of 'authentic' culture growth of 'township tourism' the success or failure of community-based tourism projects impact of globalization on distinctiveness of place analysis of tourism development based on new cultural attractions and ethnic diversity basic steps needed to establish, manage, and market cultural routes case study of Castilla y Leon in Spaintrying to find ways to effectively compete with coastal areas new types of cultural attractions, such as 'ecomuseums' religious tourism heritage as a tool for formal and informal learning 'festivalization' and much more! Using research and studies from places around the world like Brazil, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, and the Netherlands, Cultural Tourism: Global and Local Perspectives provides a valuable window on the current state of cultural tourism and makes informative reading for practitioners, researchers, educators, and students.

A unique chance to explore different aspects of place, heritage, and tourism For many nations around the world, cultural tourism is not only a major industry but also a support for national identity and a means for preserving heritage. Cultural Tourism: Global and Local Perspectives brings together in one volume interdisciplinary explorations of cultural tourism from leading international authorities in different locations around the world. Experts from the Cultural Tourism Research Group of the Association for Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS) discuss major issues that have emerged from the ATLAS research program over the past decade. Students and practitioners can examine important global and local issues such as authenticity, 'placelessness', the changing relationships between local communities and tourists, the changing meaning of religious heritage, festivals, and special events. Cultural Tourism presents a unique view of global and local cultural tourism issues in four main sections. The first part is a collection of discussions on the tensions caused by globalization, with an emphasis on the issue of authenticity. The second part focuses on cultural tourism demand, with examinations on the motivations and behavior of cultural tourists in various destinations. The third section spotlights the relationship between tourists, residents, and local culture. The final part examines ways cultural events can develop tourism. 72 figures and tables make complex information easy to access and understand. Topics in Cultural Tourism include: interpretation of 'authentic' culture growth of 'township tourism' the success or failure of community-based tourism projects impact of globalization on distinctiveness of place analysis of tourism development based on new cultural attractions and ethnic diversity basic steps needed to establish, manage, and market cultural routes case study of Castilla y Leon in Spaintrying to find ways to effectively compete with coastal areas new types of cultural attractions, such as 'ecomuseums' religious tourism heritage as a tool for formal and informal learning 'festivalization' and much more! Using research and studies from places around the world like Brazil, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, and the Netherlands, Cultural Tourism: Global and Local Perspectives provides a valuable window on the current state of cultural tourism and makes informative reading for practitioners, researchers, educators, and students.

From across the vast distances of intergalactic space, a millennia-old horde scavenger approaches. They Hunger. The Dark Draws near. A Young girl encounters an Unknown Craft crash-landed near her Colony. Ex-Military Special Forces Mother goes to investigate, unwittingly carrying the Young Girl who has stowed away. A tale of individuals in extremis and the qualities that motivate us, love, protective instincts and determination, though not always with the results we expect or desire. The story has a strong female lead and a twist at the end. As Fierce as Any Dragon is part of a Trilogy. Part 2, System Entry is now Live and available on Amazon. Part 3 will be released during April 2017.

Disco Mao is the romantic journey of Pete, a foreigner lost in an ordinary Chinese city. It's a series of short fragmented chapters dealing with culture shock, love and corruption. It's part travel blog/novel, part Chinese vignettes, and with a little romance. It is not a conventional 'novel' at all- it's part fiction, part biographical but also littered with small fragments of information about China. All the authors royalties go to The Library Project, so when you purchase one copy of the book you are actually putting a small number of kids books in the hands of needy young students in rural Chinese schools.

The last two decades have been an exciting and richly productive period for debate and academic research on the city. The SAGE Handbook of New Urban Studies offers comprehensive coverage of this modern re-thinking of urban theory, both gathering together the best of what has been achieved so far, and signalling the way to future theoretical insights and empirically grounded research. Featuring many of the top international names in the field, the handbook is divided into nine key sections: SECTION 1: THE GLOBALIZED CITY SECTION 2: URBAN ENTREPRENEURIALISM, BRANDING, GOVERNANCE SECTION 3: MARGINALITY, RISK AND RESILIENCE SECTION 4: SUBURBS AND SUBURBANIZATION: STRATIFICATION, SPRAWL, SUSTAINABILITY SECTION 5: DISTINCTIVE AND VISIBLE CITIES SECTION 6: CREATIVE CITIES SECTION 7: URBANIZATION, URBANITY AND URBAN LIFESTYLES SECTION 8: NEW DIRECTIONS IN URBAN THEORY SECTION 9: URBAN FUTURES This is a central resource for researchers and students of Sociology, Cultural Geography and Urban Studies.