In the series of International Winter Schools on New Developments in Solid State Physics, the fourth one was devoted to the subject: "Two- Dimensional Systems: Physics and Devices". For the second time the pro- ceedings of one of these Winter Schools appear as a volume in the Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences (the earlier proceedings were published as Vol. 53). The school was held in the castle of MauterndorfjSalzburg (Austria) February 24-28, 1986. These proceedings contain contributions ba:sed on the thirty invited lectures. The school was attended by 179 registered participants (40% students), who came from western European countries, the United States of America, Japan, the People's Republic of China and Poland. As far as the subjects are conterned, several papers deal with the growth and characterization of heterostructures. Dynamical RHEED tech- niques are described as a tool for in situ studies of MBE growth mech- anisms. Various growth techniques, including MBE, MOMBE, MOCVD and modifications of these, are discussed. The limiting fa.ctors for the carrier mobilities and the inftuence of the spacer thickness in single het- erostructures of GaAs/GaAIAs seem to be understood and are no longer a matter of controversy. In addition, the growth of two fascinating systems, Si/SiGe and Hg _ Cd Te/CdTe, is discussed in detail.

The winter school on Localization and Confinement of Electrons in Semicon ductors was the sixth of a series dealing with new developments in solid state physics organized by the Austrian Physical Society. The school, which was held in the castle of Mautemdorf, in the federal province of Salzburg, Austria, February 19-23, 1990, was attended by about 200 participants. This is the fourth such winter school to have the proceedings published in the Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, the earlier ones appearing as Vols. 53, 67 and 83. The contributions of the invited speakers are arranged in seven parts according to topic: quantum boxes and quantum wires; localization and the metal-insulator transition; the integer and fractional quantum Hall effects and electron-electron interactions; tunneling and localization in low-dimensional structures and superlattices; optical properties of confined systems; impurities in quantum well structures; and optical and magnetic properties of dilute mag netic semiconductor quantum well. structures. A particular intention of this book is to present relevant introductory articles alongside the most recent research reports, all written by experts in the fields of localization and condensation of electrons in semiconductors, the quantum Hall effect, lateral superlattices, ballistic transport, etc. The fascinating subject of quantum boxes (dots) and quantum wires is treated in considerable detail. Experimental techniques for producing later ally structured two-dimensional electron gas systems are described together with methods for studying their electrical and optical properties."

The characterization of epitaxial layers and their surfaces has benefitted a lot from the enormous progress of optical analysis techniques during the last decade. In particular, the dramatic improvement of the structural quality of semiconductor epilayers and heterostructures results to a great deal from the level of sophistication achieved with such analysis techniques. First of all, optical techniques are nondestructive and their sensitivity has been improved to such an extent that nowadays the epilayer analysis can be performed on layers with thicknesses on the atomic scale. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal resolution have been pushed to such limits that real time observation of surface processes during epitaxial growth is possible with techniques like reflectance difference spectroscopy. Of course, optical spectroscopies complement techniques based on the inter action of electrons with matter, but whereas the latter usually require high or ultrahigh vacuum conditions, the former ones can be applied in different environments as well. This advantage could turn out extremely important for a rather technological point of view, i.e. for the surveillance of modern semiconductor processes. Despite the large potential of techniques based on the interaction of electromagnetic waves with surfaces and epilayers, optical techniques are apparently moving only slowly into this area of technology. One reason for this might be that some prejudices still exist regarding their sensitivity."

Das Buch zeigt, wie mit Hilfe des Konzeptes "Baustein" moderne Formen des Software-Engineering realisiert und dadurch u.a. Componentware und Frameworks verstanden und entwickelt werden konnen. Der Leser erfahrt, wie Baustein als generalisiertes Konzept eine durchgangige Systematisierung unterschiedlicher Stufen und verschiedener Realisierungsformen von Softwarekomponenten ermoglicht. Damit wird eine in sich geschlossene Behandlung so verschiedenartiger Komponenten wie Frameworks, Entwurfsmuster oder Klassen, Entwurfskonstrukt, Quellcode oder Binarcode erreicht. Grundzuge der Architekturen verbunden mit direkt nachvollziehbaren Beispielen bringen Theorie und Praxis naher zusammen. Systematische Konstruktion mittels Bausteinen unter objektorientierten Bedingungen ist dabei die zentrale Idee. Ein kompaktes Lehrbuch fur Studenten der Informatik und ein nutzliches Nachschlagewerk fur die Praxis moderner Softwareentwicklung mit Anwendungen auch aus den Bereichen Multimedia, Intra- und Internet."

This book presents - for the first time in the English language - the concept of systemic organization development and its use in management and consultancy. It demonstrates in a succinct and compact way, how the systemic approach, in its up-to-date version, is well suited to describe and handle complex challenges in diverse organizations of all sectors of society. First, the authors sketch out the crucial role organizations play today and the increasing importance of their ability to change. The central theme of the book is thus the design of organizational change processes with the help of different tools. These tools deal cautiously with employees, clients and cooperation partners in order to ensure sustainable success of an organization. In the final chapters the authors delve into specific attitudes during the change process, such as the building of trust and the allowing of emotions. Several cases illustrate how the concept and the tools promote organizational development. The book well provides a practical guideline. Additionally, the book talks about important aspects managers have to pay attention to, such as dealing with concerns and resistance. The values of the systemic concept like sustainability, selective participation and growth from inside are convincingly exemplified. The book is theoretically sound and grounded by the authors' long management and consulting experience and their research activities with the university background. It is addressed mainly at actors in corporations, not-for-profit and public organizations, who's task it is to organize, design and effectuate change while the daily business continues alongside. These actors may be leaders, managers, experts, consultants, project managers or employees.

This book presents - for the first time in the English language - the concept of systemic organization development and its use in management and consultancy. It demonstrates in a succinct and compact way, how the systemic approach, in its up-to-date version, is well suited to describe and handle complex challenges in diverse organizations of all sectors of society. First, the authors sketch out the crucial role organizations play today and the increasing importance of their ability to change. The central theme of the book is thus the design of organizational change processes with the help of different tools. These tools deal cautiously with employees, clients and cooperation partners in order to ensure sustainable success of an organization. In the final chapters the authors delve into specific attitudes during the change process, such as the building of trust and the allowing of emotions. Several cases illustrate how the concept and the tools promote organizational development. The book well provides a practical guideline. Additionally, the book talks about important aspects managers have to pay attention to, such as dealing with concerns and resistance. The values of the systemic concept like sustainability, selective participation and growth from inside are convincingly exemplified. The book is theoretically sound and grounded by the authors' long management and consulting experience and their research activities with the university background. It is addressed mainly at actors in corporations, not-for-profit and public organizations, who's task it is to organize, design and effectuate change while the daily business continues alongside. These actors may be leaders, managers, experts, consultants, project managers or employees.