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- Authoritative but highly accessible introduction to the
underlying economics of airports, their role, regulation and
implications. - Written for all aviation managers, relevant local
authorities and regulators, as well as serving as teaching material
for air transport Masters programmes. - The book uniquely offers
economic analysis and presents facts in the context of economic
reasoning with clear policy recommendations.
- Authoritative but highly accessible introduction to the
underlying economics of airports, their role, regulation and
implications. - Written for all aviation managers, relevant local
authorities and regulators, as well as serving as teaching material
for air transport Masters programmes. - The book uniquely offers
economic analysis and presents facts in the context of economic
reasoning with clear policy recommendations.
Air Transport and Regional Development Policies is one of three
interconnected books related to a four-year European Cooperation in
Science and Technology (COST) Action established in 2015. The
Action, called Air Transport and Regional Development (ATARD),
aimed to promote a better understanding of how the air
transport-related problems of core regions and remote regions
should be addressed in order to enhance both economic
competitiveness and social cohesion in Europe. This book focuses on
policy implications related to air transport and regional
development. It begins with chapters that generally discuss
important policy issues related to air transport and regional
development in relation to connectivity and accessibility;
dependency; airport governance and regulation; and air traffic
control frameworks. This is followed by a number of chapters that
consider government subsidies and state aid. The final chapters
focus on other policy implications (tourism development, airport
expansion, passenger taxation and noise control). Currently, no
other single source publication covers this topic area in such a
comprehensive manner, insofar as it considers so many policies and
examples. The book aims at becoming a major reference source on the
topic, drawing from experienced researchers in the field, covering
the diverse experience and knowledge of the members of the COST
Action. The book will appeal to academics, practitioners and
government bodies who have a particular interest in acquiring
detailed comparative knowledge and understanding of the policy
implications of air transport and regional development. Along with
the other two books (Air Transport and Regional Development
Methodologies and Air Transport and Regional Development Case
Studies) it fills a much-needed gap in the literature.
Air Transport and Regional Development Methodologies is one of
three interconnected books related to a four-year European
Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action established in
2015. The action, called Air Transport and Regional Development
(ATARD), aimed to promote a better understanding of how the air
transport-related problems of core regions and remote regions
should be addressed to enhance both economic competitiveness and
social cohesion in Europe. This book discusses key methodological
approaches to assessing air transport and regional development,
outlining their respective strengths and weaknesses. These include
input- output analysis, cost benefit analysis, computable general
equilibrium models, data envelopment analysis, stochastic frontier
analysis, discrete choice models and game theory. Air Transport and
Regional Development Methodologies aims at becoming a major
reference source on the topic, drawing from experienced researchers
in the field, covering the diverse experience and knowledge of the
members of the COST Action. The book will be of interest to several
large groups. First, it will serve as an authoritative and
comprehensive reference for academics, researchers and consultants.
Second, it will advise policy- makers and government organizations
at European, national and regional levels. Third, it presents
invaluable insights to transport companies such as airports and
airline operators. Along with the other two books (Air Transport
and Regional Development Policies and Air Transport and Regional
Development Case Studies), it fills a much-needed gap in the
literature.
This book is one of three inter-connected books related to a
four-year European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
Action established in 2015. The Action, called Air Transport and
Regional Development (ATARD), aimed to promote a better
understanding of how the air transport related problems of core
regions and remote regions should be addressed in order to enhance
both economic competitiveness and social cohesion in Europe. This
book focuses on case studies in Europe related to air transport and
regional development. It is divided into four geographical regions
after a general chapter that compares regional air transport
connectivity between remote and central areas in Europe. The first
region is Northern and Western Northern Europe (case studies
related specifically to Norway, Finland, the United Kingdom, and
Ireland); the second is Central and Eastern Europe, (Bulgaria,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Poland); the third is Central Western
Europe (Belgium and Switzerland); and finally, the fourth is
Southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, and Italy). There is no other
single source publication that currently covers this topic area in
such a comprehensive manner by considering so many countries. The
book aims at becoming a major reference on the topic, drawing from
experienced researchers in the field, covering the diverse
experience and knowledge of the members of the COST Action. The
book will appeal to academics, practitioners, and policymakers who
have a particular interest in acquiring detailed comparative
knowledge and understanding of air transport and regional
development in many different European countries. Together with the
other two books (Air Transport and Regional Development
Methodologies and Air Transport and Regional Development Policies),
it fills a much-needed gap in the literature.
Air Transport and Regional Development Policies is one of three
interconnected books related to a four-year European Cooperation in
Science and Technology (COST) Action established in 2015. The
Action, called Air Transport and Regional Development (ATARD),
aimed to promote a better understanding of how the air
transport-related problems of core regions and remote regions
should be addressed in order to enhance both economic
competitiveness and social cohesion in Europe. This book focuses on
policy implications related to air transport and regional
development. It begins with chapters that generally discuss
important policy issues related to air transport and regional
development in relation to connectivity and accessibility;
dependency; airport governance and regulation; and air traffic
control frameworks. This is followed by a number of chapters that
consider government subsidies and state aid. The final chapters
focus on other policy implications (tourism development, airport
expansion, passenger taxation and noise control). Currently, no
other single source publication covers this topic area in such a
comprehensive manner, insofar as it considers so many policies and
examples. The book aims at becoming a major reference source on the
topic, drawing from experienced researchers in the field, covering
the diverse experience and knowledge of the members of the COST
Action. The book will appeal to academics, practitioners and
government bodies who have a particular interest in acquiring
detailed comparative knowledge and understanding of the policy
implications of air transport and regional development. Along with
the other two books (Air Transport and Regional Development
Methodologies and Air Transport and Regional Development Case
Studies) it fills a much-needed gap in the literature.
This book analyses the political, economic and managerial
challenges for policy makers and the air transport industry as they
face climate change. Based on an overview of the scientific
background and technological options for emissions reduction,
Aviation and Climate Change provides an in-depth assessment of
environmental regulation and management. It provides an
up-to-the-minute analysis of the effects of aviation on climate
change, and an economic analysis of policies to reduce or eliminate
greenhouse gas emissions. The main emphasis of the book is on the
economic mechanisms used to lessen emissions - carbon taxes,
emissions trading schemes and offset schemes. It pays particular
attention to the ways these policies work, and to the interaction
between them - for instance, the interaction between taxes and
emissions trading schemes. One feature of the book is that it
analyses the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for
International Aviation (CORSIA) which has been developed by ICAO
for international aviation, and which is due to commence operation
shortly. The advantages and disadvantages of this controversial
scheme are discussed. This book will be of interest to researchers
in diverse areas (economics, political science, engineering,
natural sciences), to air transport policy makers, and to managers
in the aviation industry.
Air Transport and Regional Development Methodologies is one of
three interconnected books related to a four-year European
Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action established in
2015. The action, called Air Transport and Regional Development
(ATARD), aimed to promote a better understanding of how the air
transport-related problems of core regions and remote regions
should be addressed to enhance both economic competitiveness and
social cohesion in Europe. This book discusses key methodological
approaches to assessing air transport and regional development,
outlining their respective strengths and weaknesses. These include
input- output analysis, cost benefit analysis, computable general
equilibrium models, data envelopment analysis, stochastic frontier
analysis, discrete choice models and game theory. Air Transport and
Regional Development Methodologies aims at becoming a major
reference source on the topic, drawing from experienced researchers
in the field, covering the diverse experience and knowledge of the
members of the COST Action. The book will be of interest to several
large groups. First, it will serve as an authoritative and
comprehensive reference for academics, researchers and consultants.
Second, it will advise policy- makers and government organizations
at European, national and regional levels. Third, it presents
invaluable insights to transport companies such as airports and
airline operators. Along with the other two books (Air Transport
and Regional Development Policies and Air Transport and Regional
Development Case Studies), it fills a much-needed gap in the
literature.
This book is one of three inter-connected books related to a
four-year European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST)
Action established in 2015. The Action, called Air Transport and
Regional Development (ATARD), aimed to promote a better
understanding of how the air transport related problems of core
regions and remote regions should be addressed in order to enhance
both economic competitiveness and social cohesion in Europe. This
book focuses on case studies in Europe related to air transport and
regional development. It is divided into four geographical regions
after a general chapter that compares regional air transport
connectivity between remote and central areas in Europe. The first
region is Northern and Western Northern Europe (case studies
related specifically to Norway, Finland, the United Kingdom, and
Ireland); the second is Central and Eastern Europe, (Bulgaria,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Poland); the third is Central Western
Europe (Belgium and Switzerland); and finally, the fourth is
Southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, and Italy). There is no other
single source publication that currently covers this topic area in
such a comprehensive manner by considering so many countries. The
book aims at becoming a major reference on the topic, drawing from
experienced researchers in the field, covering the diverse
experience and knowledge of the members of the COST Action. The
book will appeal to academics, practitioners, and policymakers who
have a particular interest in acquiring detailed comparative
knowledge and understanding of air transport and regional
development in many different European countries. Together with the
other two books (Air Transport and Regional Development
Methodologies and Air Transport and Regional Development Policies),
it fills a much-needed gap in the literature.
The last few decades have witnessed substantial liberalization
trends in various industries and countries. Starting with the
deregulation of the US airline industry in 1978, regulatory
restructuring took place in further network industries such as
telecommunications, electricity or railways in various countries
around the world. Although most of the liberalization movements
were initially triggered by the worrying performances of the
respective regulatory frameworks, increases in competition and
corresponding improvements in allocative and productive efficiency
were typically associated with the respective liberalization
efforts. From an academic perspective, the transition from
regulated industries to liberalized industries has attracted a
substantial amount of research reflected in many books and research
articles which can be distilled to three main questions: (1) What
are the forces that have given rise to regulatory reform? (2) What
is the structure of the regulatory change which has occurred to
date and is likely to occur in the immediate future? (3) What have
been the effects on industry efficiency, prices and profits of the
reforms which have occurred to date? Liberalization in Aviation
brings together renowned academics and practitioners from around
the world to address all three questions and draw policy
conclusions. The book is divided into five sections, in turn
dealing with aspects of competition in various liberalized markets,
the emergence and growth of low-cost carriers, horizontal mergers
and alliances, infrastructures, and concluding with economic
assessments of liberalization steps so far and proposed steps in
the future.
Prior to liberalization, there was little scope for predatory
behaviour in the aviation market. However, following deregulation,
new entrants sought to compete with entrenched incumbents. Low-cost
carriers (LCCs) gained significant market share, which in turn
provoked many different kinds of defensive response. Having put
pressure on established carriers, low-cost airlines are themselves
feeling the pressure of competition from new operators. While it is
normal and natural for airlines to react to competition - modifying
their services, the ways in which they offer them and their prices
- when does aggressive commercial behaviour go too far and become
predation? This book considers what exactly is meant by 'predation'
in the aviation environment, and explores the strategies LCCs adopt
in order to gain market share, as well as the strategies of the
established airlines in response to competition from new entrants
to the market. It also addresses the key question of what
competition policy should do to ensure intensive competition.
Competition versus Predation in Aviation Markets brings together
contributions from around the world, from airlines, government
agencies, leading academics and consultants, providing a wealth of
perspectives on a business practice crucial to airline survival.
This book offers new insights into the theory and practice of
economic airport regulation. In light of recent developments in
aviation markets and policy, and the debate on airport regulation
and benchmarking, it offers case studies on various aspects of
economic regulation of city and regional airports. Written by
experts in the field, the volume features contributions on the
theory of regulation and benchmarking, as well as case studies on
recent experiences in Europe and Latin America.This book is divided
into three parts: Part I provides the theoretical background for
the study of airport regulation and regulatory systems. Competition
at airports is discussed, as are common forms of regulation and
potential pitfalls. Part II addresses benchmarking, as benchmarking
is often applied as an input to the regulatory process. Although
benchmarking is necessary, reviews of how benchmarking is applied
in the literature and in practice show that improvements can be
made. Part III provides case studies on real-world examples.
Addressing the question of whether and how European airport
regulators set incentives for efficiency, and how benchmarking is
used in the regulatory process, this book is an important
contribution to the development of the transport industry in Europe
and Latin America. It will appeal to scholars and students in
transport economics, regional economics and related fields, as well
as to practitioners and policy makers in the transport industry.
Prior to liberalization, there was little scope for predatory
behaviour in the aviation market. However, following deregulation,
new entrants sought to compete with entrenched incumbents. Low-cost
carriers (LCCs) gained significant market share, which in turn
provoked many different kinds of defensive response. Having put
pressure on established carriers, low-cost airlines are themselves
feeling the pressure of competition from new operators. While it is
normal and natural for airlines to react to competition - modifying
their services, the ways in which they offer them and their prices
- when does aggressive commercial behaviour go too far and become
predation? This book considers what exactly is meant by 'predation'
in the aviation environment, and explores the strategies LCCs adopt
in order to gain market share, as well as the strategies of the
established airlines in response to competition from new entrants
to the market. It also addresses the key question of what
competition policy should do to ensure intensive competition.
Competition versus Predation in Aviation Markets brings together
contributions from around the world, from airlines, government
agencies, leading academics and consultants, providing a wealth of
perspectives on a business practice crucial to airline survival.
The break-up of BAA and the blocked takeover of Bratislava airport
by the competing Vienna airport have brought the issue of airport
competition to the top of the agenda for air transport policy in
Europe. Airport Competition reviews the current state of the debate
and asks whether airport competition is strong enough to
effectively limit market power. It provides evidence on how
travellers chose an airport, thereby altering its competitive
position, and on how airports compete in different regions and
markets. The book also discusses the main policy implications of
mergers and subsidies.
The break-up of BAA and the blocked takeover of Bratislava airport
by the competing Vienna airport have brought the issue of airport
competition to the top of the agenda for air transport policy in
Europe. Airport Competition reviews the current state of the debate
and asks whether airport competition is strong enough to
effectively limit market power. It provides evidence on how
travellers chose an airport, thereby altering its competitive
position, and on how airports compete in different regions and
markets. The book also discusses the main policy implications of
mergers and subsidies.
Over the past several decades, commercial air traffic has been
growing at a far greater rate than airport capacity, causing
airports to become increasingly congested. How can we accommodate
this increased traffic and at the same time alleviate traffic
delays resulting from congestion? The response outside the US has
been to set a maximum number of slots and use administrative
procedures to allocate these among competing airlines, with the
most important consideration being 'grandfather rights' to existing
carriers. The United States, on the other hand, has used
administrative procedures to allocate slots at only four airports.
In all other cases, flights have been handled on a first-come,
first-served basis, with aircraft queuing for the privilege of
landing or taking off from a congested airport. While recognizing
the advantages of slot systems in lessening delays, economists have
criticized both approaches as being sub-optimal, and have advocated
procedures such as slot auctions, peak-load pricing and slot
trading to better utilize congested airports. Edited by an
international team of air transport economists and drawing on an
impressive list of contributors, Airport Slots provides an
extremely comprehensive treatment of the subject. It considers the
methods currently used to allocate slots and applies economic
analysis to each. The book then explains various schemes to
increase public welfare by taxing or pricing congestion, and
describes alternate slot-allocation schemes, most notably slot
auctions. In addition, Airport Slots outlines the complexities
involved in slot-allocation methods, including the requirement for
multiple slots - a take-off slot at London Heathrow is useless
unless there is a landing slot available at Frankfurt for a London
Frankfurt flight. Finally, the book explores the economic pitfalls
of slot-allocation schemes; for example, controls may not be
required if external delay costs are internalized by a dominant
carrier at its hub. Airport Slots provides a valuable contribution
to the debate on how best to limit airport congestion. The book's
comprehensive treatment of the subject matter provides the reader
with a 'one-stop' volume to explore airport congestion and
slot-allocation schemes, offering valuable insights to academics
and practitioners alike.
This tour d'horizon book reviews airport regulation and competition
in different regions of the world and contrasts different policy
perspectives. Organized in four parts, the first three examine, in
turn, Australasia, North America, and Europe, while the last
section looks at the institutional reforms that have taken place in
these regions. The book covers the regulation of airports, and
competition in different regions, as well as privatization policy,
the interaction between airports and airlines, and regional
economic impacts. It also examines the linkages between governance
structures and forms of regulation. The book's global sweep
embraces all the large aviation markets, bringing together the
ideas and challenges of academic economists, airlines, airport
managers, consultants and government regulators. As well as looking
at different methods, degrees and paradigms of regulation it also
spells out the stress-points, in a way that makes essential reading
for airport operators, airline operations staff, as well as
academic economists concerned with transport studies. It also
offers interesting reading and important lessons for those
concerned with regulation of the utility industries such as,
telecommunications, water and power generation and distribution -
where infrastructure can be subject to natural monopoly
characteristics and where firms competing in downstream markets are
dependent on the investment and operational strategies of the
upstream infrastructure operator.
This book analyses the political, economic and managerial
challenges for policy makers and the air transport industry as they
face climate change. Based on an overview of the scientific
background and technological options for emissions reduction,
Aviation and Climate Change provides an in-depth assessment of
environmental regulation and management. It provides an
up-to-the-minute analysis of the effects of aviation on climate
change, and an economic analysis of policies to reduce or eliminate
greenhouse gas emissions. The main emphasis of the book is on the
economic mechanisms used to lessen emissions - carbon taxes,
emissions trading schemes and offset schemes. It pays particular
attention to the ways these policies work, and to the interaction
between them - for instance, the interaction between taxes and
emissions trading schemes. One feature of the book is that it
analyses the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for
International Aviation (CORSIA) which has been developed by ICAO
for international aviation, and which is due to commence operation
shortly. The advantages and disadvantages of this controversial
scheme are discussed. This book will be of interest to researchers
in diverse areas (economics, political science, engineering,
natural sciences), to air transport policy makers, and to managers
in the aviation industry.
Aviation versus Environment? Late public discussion of this issue
did not even put a questionmark. The suspected vast effects of air
traffic on global environmental problems such as climate change or
ozone layer depletion led to an urgent demand for both practical
solutions and a political framework for the conduct of airports and
airlines. This book contains the expertise of environmental
organisations, politicians, airline and airport managers who
discussed these issues on the second Hamburg Aviation Conference,
held on February 17 - 19, 1999. Taking into account the
environmental and economic needs for air traffic, the conference
was a stage for a constructive debate between aviation business and
environmentalists and showed a broad range of measures in regard of
environmental problems linked with aviation.
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