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This edited volume studies the relationship between big business
and the Latin American dictatorial regimes during the Cold War. The
first section provides a general background about the contemporary
history of business corporations and dictatorships in the twentieth
century at the international level. The second section comprises
chapters that analyze five national cases (Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Uruguay and Peru), as well as a comparative analysis of the
banking sector in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and
Uruguay). The third section presents six case studies of large
companies in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Central
America. This book is crucial reading because it provides the first
comprehensive analysis of a key yet understudied topic in Cold War
history in Latin America.
By many measures, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) had the
strongest economy in the Eastern bloc and was one of the most
important industrial nations worldwide. Nonetheless, the economic
history of the GDR has been primarily discussed as a failure when
compared with the economic success of the Federal Republic and is
often cited as one of the pre-eminent examples of central
planning's deficiencies. This volume analyzes both the successes
and failures of the East German economy. The contributors consider
the economic history of East Germany within its broader political,
cultural and social contexts. Rather than limit their perspective
to the period of the GDR's existence, the essays additionally
consider the decades before 1945 and the post-1990 era.
Contributors also trace the present and future of the East German
economy and suggest possible outcomes.
This edited volume studies the relationship between big business
and the Latin American dictatorial regimes during the Cold War. The
first section provides a general background about the contemporary
history of business corporations and dictatorships in the twentieth
century at the international level. The second section comprises
chapters that analyze five national cases (Argentina, Brazil,
Chile, Uruguay and Peru), as well as a comparative analysis of the
banking sector in the Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and
Uruguay). The third section presents six case studies of large
companies in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Central
America. This book is crucial reading because it provides the first
comprehensive analysis of a key yet understudied topic in Cold War
history in Latin America.
Traditionally, Germany has been considered a minor player in
Pacific history: its presence there was more limited than that of
other European nations, and whereas its European rivals established
themselves as imperial forces beginning in the early modern era,
Germany did not seriously pursue colonialism until the nineteenth
century. Yet thanks to recent advances in the field emphasizing
transoceanic networks and cultural encounters, it is now possible
to develop a more nuanced understanding of the history of Germans
in the Pacific. The studies gathered here offer fascinating
research into German missionary, commercial, scientific, and
imperial activity against the backdrop of the Pacific's overlapping
cultural circuits and complex oceanic transits.
This collection of essays explores the impact that nationalism,
capitalism and socialism had on economics during the first half of
the twentieth century. Focusing on Central Europe, contributors
examine the role that businesspeople and enterprises played in
Germany's and Austria's paths to the catastrophe of Nazism. Based
on new archival research, the essays gathered here ask how the
business community became involved in the political process and
describes the consequences arising from that involvement.
Particular attention is given to the responses of individual
businesspeople to changing political circumstances and their
efforts to balance the demands of their consciences with the
pursuit for profit.
This collection of essays explores the impact that nationalism,
capitalism and socialism had on economics during the first half of
the twentieth century. Focusing on Central Europe, contributors
examine the role that businesspeople and enterprises played in
Germany's and Austria's paths to the catastrophe of Nazism. Based
on new archival research, the essays gathered here ask how the
business community became involved in the political process and
describes the consequences arising from that involvement.
Particular attention is given to the responses of individual
businesspeople to changing political circumstances and their
efforts to balance the demands of their consciences with the
pursuit for profit.
At the end of the twentieth century, tourism is the world's largest
single industry. Tourism, however, is not only an economic and
social phenomenon but can be 'read' in semiotic terms centred
around dreams of alternatives to everyday life. The images, which
today dominate advertisements for tourist products, had to be
constructed and sustained, invented and remoulded over a long
historical process. It seems that without this distinctive
historical and cultural 'baggage' the remarkable social practice of
taking holidays would not have evolved. Even if tourism saw its
most spectacular development in the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries in terms of the numbers involved, it rests on a cultural
foundation inaugurated in the early modern period. The Making of
Modern Tourism was a long-term process, deeply rooted in the
cultural and intellectual, economic and social history of Britain.
At the end of the twentieth century, tourism is the world's largest single industry. Tourism, however, is not only an economic and social phenomenon, but can be 'read' in semiotic terms centered around dreams of alternatives to everyday life. The images, which today dominate advertisements for tourist products, had to be constructed and sustained, invented and remolded over a long historical process. It seems that without this distinctive historical and cultural 'baggage' the remarkable social practice of taking holidays would not have evolved. Even if tourism saw its most spectacular development in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in terms of the numbers involved, it rests on a cultural foundation inaugurated in the early modern period. The Making of Modern Tourism was a long-term process, deeply rooted in the cultural and intellectual, economic and social history of Britain.This interdisciplinary volume brings together scholars from fields as far apart as literary studies and economic history, who trace the history of tourism from the Renaissance to the present day, combing fresh findings from ongoing research with state-of-the-art surveys.
At a time when the human impact on the environment is more
devastating than ever, business initiatives frame the quest to
"green" capitalism as the key to humanity's long-term survival.
Indeed, even before the rise of the environmental movement in the
1970s, businesses sometimes had reasons to protect parts of nature,
limit their production of wastes, and support broader environmental
reforms. In the last thirty years, especially, many businesses have
worked hard to reduce their direct and indirect environmental
footprint. But are these efforts exceptional, or can capitalism
truly be environmentally conscious? Green Capitalism? offers a
critical, historically informed perspective on building a more
sustainable economy. Written by scholars of business history and
environmental history, the essays in this volume consider the
nature of capitalism through historical overviews of
twentieth-century businesses and a wide range of focused case
studies. Beginning early in the century, contributors explore the
response of business leaders to environmental challenges in an era
long before the formation of the modern regulatory state. Moving on
to midcentury environmental initiatives, scholars analyze failed
business efforts to green products and packaging-such as the
infamous six-pack ring-in the 1960s and 1970s. The last section
contains case studies of businesses that successfully managed
greening initiatives, from the first effort by an electric utility
to promote conservation, to the environmental overhaul of a Swedish
mining company, to the problem of household waste in pre-1990 West
Germany. Ranging in geographic scope from Europe to the United
States, Green Capitalism? raises questions about capitalism in
different historical, sociocultural, and political contexts.
Contributors: Hartmut Berghoff, Ann-Kristin Bergquist, Brian C.
Black, William D. Bryan, Julie Cohn, Leif Fredrickson, Hugh S.
Gorman, Geoffrey Jones, David Kinkela, Roman Koester, Joseph A.
Pratt, Adam Rome, Christine Meisner Rosen.
By many measures, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) had the
strongest economy in the Eastern bloc and was one of the most
important industrial nations worldwide. Nonetheless, the economic
history of the GDR has been primarily discussed as a failure when
compared with the economic success of the Federal Republic and is
often cited as one of the pre-eminent examples of central
planning's deficiencies. This volume analyzes both the successes
and failures of the East German economy. The contributors consider
the economic history of East Germany within its broader political,
cultural and social contexts. Rather than limit their perspective
to the period of the GDR's existence, the essays additionally
consider the decades before 1945 and the post-1990 era.
Contributors also trace the present and future of the East German
economy and suggest possible outcomes.
Entrepreneur and Nazi functionary Fritz Kiehn lived through almost
100 years of German history, from the Bismarck era to the late Bonn
Republic. A successful manufacturer, Kiehn joined the Nazi Party in
1930 and obtained a number of influential posts after 1933, making
him one of the most powerful Nazi functionaries in southern
Germany. These posts allowed him ample opportunity to profit from
"Aryanizations" and state contracts. After 1945, he restored his
reputation, was close to Adenauer's CDU during Germany's economic
miracle, and was a respected and honored citizen in Trossingen.
Kiehn's biography provides a key to understanding the political
upheavals of the twentieth century, especially the workings of the
corrupt Nazi system as well as the "coming to terms" with National
Socialism in the Federal Republic.
Entrepreneur and Nazi functionary Fritz Kiehn lived through almost
100 years of German history, from the Bismarck era to the late Bonn
Republic. A successful manufacturer, Kiehn joined the Nazi Party in
1930 and obtained a number of influential posts after 1933, making
him one of the most powerful Nazi functionaries in southern
Germany. These posts allowed him ample opportunity to profit from
"Aryanizations" and state contracts. After 1945, he restored his
reputation, was close to Adenauer's CDU during Germany's economic
miracle, and was a respected and honored citizen in Trossingen.
Kiehn's biography provides a key to understanding the political
upheavals of the twentieth century, especially the workings of the
corrupt Nazi system as well as the "coming to terms" with National
Socialism in the Federal Republic.
Beauty matters. Throughout the world, more and more people from all
walks of life spend time and money to make themselves beautiful
because beauty expresses identity and shapes status and success.
Whether white or black, male or female, young or old, gay or
straight, working- or middle-class, Western or non-Western,
democratic or fascist, people everywhere have adopted a central
maxim of the twentieth century: everyone can be beautiful, and
everyone should become beautiful. This volume tracks the historical
roots and meanings of modern beauty cultures in the twentieth
century, drawing on examples from Europe, North America, the Near
East, Asia, and Africa.
The idea of a business owned by a family and passed down from
generation to generation sits firmly in our cultural imagination.
And family businesses are of central importance in both Germany and
in the United States. Still, there are significant differences in
the two nations, both in terms of corporate and family cultures as
well as in terms of the institutional environment, political clout,
and the longevity of companies. Varieties of Family Business
analyzes the differences and similarities in the development of
family businesses in Germany and the United States from the middle
of the nineteenth to the beginning of the twenty-first century.
This historical long-term study investigates the causes and effects
of the different corporate landscapes. It will be valuable for
people interested in family-owned business or in the similarities
and differences between American and German business expectations.
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