This book analyzes the reasons of spontaneous transformation in self-built houses in the context of developing countries. Recognizing Housing Transformation as a natural phenomenon, the book focuses on self-built houses in the city of Dhaka. Firstly, it explains the explicit reasons behind spontaneous housing transformations. Then the book carefully unveils the implicit values that are hidden behind those explicit reasons. The entire book is an ethnographic journey, which expresses unique stories behind houses in transformation.

This book describes and analyzes the phenomenon of spontaneous transformation in self-built houses in the context of developing countries. After describing briefly the history of self-built houses and the phenomenon of transformation around the world, it focuses on its context, the city of Dhaka. Firstly it describes the physical patterns of spontaneous transformation. Then it explains the explicit reasons behind those transformations. Finally, it carefully unveils the implicit values that are hidden behind those explicit reasons. The entire book is an ethnographic journey, which not only expresses unique stories of living with transformation, but also captivates the reader throughout with its compelling way of qualitative judgment.

Sustainability is the major concern in today's world. In built environment, it has tremendous significance. Housing, as its major bulk, needs serious attention on all the three major pillars of sustainability. Turning to the environmental aspects, there are different active and passive design elements that can be incorporated with housing. However, it varies from context to context. This book tried to identify environmentally sustainable elements of housing in the hot-humid climate in Malaysia through extensive literature review. After that, it conducted field survey to find out the affordable ones among them which could address the big group of middle income people in the country. With that, the study tried to find out the economic feasibility of those environmentally sustainable elements. Categorizing them as user-controlled and designer-controlled elements, results showed that several user-controlled passive and active elements were not affordable, though they had been highly regarded as sustainable elements. At the end, the study highlighted the significance of adding affordability to sustainability so that it can eventually contribute to the biggest bulk in built environment.

This book deals with cloning of maltase gene of Bacillus licheniformis in Escherichia coli. During the course of study, genomic DNA isolation from Bacillus licheniformis strain ATCC 14580 has been followed by the amplification of maltase gene using a pair of specific forward and reverse primers under optimized PCR parameters. The DNA isolated from Bacillus licheniformis was used as a template and followed amplification, PCR product was purified using Novagen gene kit. T4 DNA ligase was used to ligate the purified PCR product with cloning vector pTZ57R/T. Escherichia coli strain DH5 was used for transformation. Competent cells prepared from Escherichia coli DH5 were then transformed with cloning vector pTZ57R/T. Colony PCR was performed by using cloned Escherichia coli strain as template for amplification. Recombinant plasmid was isolated by alkaline lysis method. Each step was followed by agarose gel electrophoresis to examine the particular nature of genomic DNA, maltase gene and recombinant plasmid. The particular location of bands on gel, observed in gel documentation system, confirmed the success of each step performed."

Metals by virtue of their amount in living system are non toxic rather helping in several physiological functions. However, when they are accumulated at a level beyond the permissible limits are declared toxic and injurious to health of plants and human beings. Samples of food grains (Wheat, Rice, Maize) alongwith soil and underground water of 12-sites were collected from six districts of Punjab (Pakistan). The materials were tested metal concentrations by using most advance analytical technique ICP-OES. The highest values of metals in under-ground Water were (4.08 K), (51.59 Na), (1.122 Li), (501.0 Ca), (13.15 Mg), (0.00 Be), (2.72Al), (0.049As), (0.061 Co), (0.111 Pb), ( 0.019 Cd), (0.220 Ni), (0.120 Cr), (0.202 Mn), (0.202 Zn), (7.110 Fe), (0.231Cu) and (0.029 Se) ug ml . The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values for all water samples were normal and within the permissible limits. The highest values of metals in soil were (215 K), (935 Na), (0.780 Li), (6019 Ca), (58.00 Mg), (0.00 Be), (0.760 Al), (0.012 As), (0.093 Co), (1.010 Pb), (0.921 Cd), (0.721 Ni), (0.230 Cr), (11.17 Mn), (0.990 Zn), (239.0 Fe), (3.100 C

This Book describes the synthesis, crystal structure determination, antibacterial, antifungal, Brine-Shrimp Cytotoxocity assay and DPPH antioxidants studies of a range of new N- & O-Sulphonated derivatives of tyrosine. The targeted compounds were prepared by the reaction of Tyrosine with different sulfonyl chlorides via different synthesis schemes from moderate to excellent yields. The final products were extensively screened to investigate their antibacterial and antifungal potentials. All the derivatives were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus broncistepica, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. These Derivative did not show any bioactivity against fungal strains such as Mucor species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani. The targeted compounds were also subjected to Brine-Shrimp cytotoxic studies. Only one compound showed good cytotoxic activity while other derivatives exhibit no activity at all.Antioxidant potential of these derivatives was investigated by DPPH Assay. All compounds showed excellent antioxidant activities.

The current book shows the effects of Tranexamic acid and its derivatives; N-Phthaloyl Tranexamic acid and N-Acetyl Tranexamic acid on the metabolism and chemical modulation of glutathione in the blood and in aqueous media using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. This study also helps to understand the mechanism of action of N-Acetyl Tranexamic acid and N-Phthaloyl Tranexamic acid, in blood components.

Indian Retail Industry is growing at a fast pace. For last few years Big Bazaar, the leader in retail sector in India had not faced any major competition. But with launch of More Hyper store by Aditya Birla Group in North India it has got strong competitor. As the retail sector in India has a lot of scope for growth in coming years, a lot of new players are entering the market big time. The Book gives an insight into the proactive approach adopted at store level in Big Bazaar to face the competition. It gives a deep insight into the methods and techniques adopted by managers at store level to analyse the competitor, its strengths and weaknesses and that of their own store to tackle the competition. The analysis is based on customer mapping and price mapping of both stores. The analysis should help to throw some light on the competition in retail sector in India and the problems and challenges faced by the big retailers in attracting customers to their stores. The book should be especially useful to the professionals and students from marketing field and particularly those having interest in retail sector or attached to retail sector in any way

We have studied finite Markov Chain elaborately with almost all its properties. One of the main issues of Markov Chain is the estimation procedure of the transition probabilities. In this study we restrict our self in the most popular estimation procedure and that is the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) procedure. Here in this study we have also considered two efficient and mostly used test procedures for indentifying the properties of Markov Chain and they are order test and the test of homogeneity or stationarity test. And we apply these estimation procedure and the test procedures to the diabetes mellitus data which is the most popular repeated ordinal data. And our findings of applying these procedures (estimation procedure and the test procedures) over the data is that the diabetes mellitus data follows the second order Markov Chain and time homogeneous property. And we also proposed logistic regression model for each consecutive visit.