Two of the greatest evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth occurred during Early Paleozoic time. The first was the Cambrian explosion of skeletonized marine animals about 540 million years ago. The second was the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event," which is the focus of this book. During the 46-million-year Ordovician Period (489--443 m.y.), a bewildering array of adaptive radiations of "Paleozoic- and Modern-type" biotas appeared in marine habitats, the first animals (arthropods) walked on land, and the first non-vascular bryophyte-like plants (based on their cryptospore record) colonized terrestrial areas with damp environments.

This book represents a compilation by a large team of Ordovician specialists from around the world, who have enthusiastically cooperated to produce this first globally orientated, internationally sponsored IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) project on Ordovician biotas. The major part is an assembly of genus- and species-level diversity data for the many Ordovician fossil groups. The book also presents an evaluation of how each group diversified through Ordovician time, with assessments of patterns of change and rates of origination and extinction. As such, it will become the standard work and data source for biotic studies on the Ordovician Period.

This is the first book devoted to quantum state diffusion (QSD) and its applications to open quantum systems and to the foundations of quantum mechanics. Experiments with detailed control over individual quantum systems have changed the face of quantum physics. These systems include atoms at the low temperatures attained by the 1997 Nobel Laureates, they include entangled photons in cavities, and they include the quantum systems used in new and future technologies like quantum cryptography and quantum computation. The experiments have led to a revival of interest in the foundations of quantum mechanics. QSD is used both as a theoretical and computational tool to study these systems, and as the basis of new approaches to the foundations. The book will interest graduate students and researchers in quantum mechanics and its applications, including quantum optics, quantum statistics, the philosophy of quantum theory and theoretical molecular biology.

This is the first book devoted to quantum state diffusion (QSD), and its applications to open quantum systems and to the foundations of quantum mechanics. Recent experiments with detailed control over individual quantum systems have changed the face of quantum physics. These systems include atoms at the low temperatures attained by the 1997 Nobel Laureates, they include entangled photons in cavities, and they include the quantum systems used in new and future technologies like quantum cryptography and quantum computation. The experiments have led to a revival of interest in the foundations of quantum mechanics. QSD is used both as a theoretical and computational tool to study these systems, and as the basis of new approaches to the foundations. The book will interest graduate students and researchers in quantum mechanics and its applications, including quantum optics, quantum statistics, the philosophy of quantum theory and theoretical molecular biology.