Genomics is the study of the genomes of organisms. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale genetic mapping efforts. It is a discipline in genetics that applies recombinant DNA, DNA sequencing methods, and bioinformatics to sequence, assemble, and analyse the function and structure of genomes. Genomics III - Methods, Techniques and Applications is the last volume of our Genomics series.
Chapter 1 presents an overview of exome sequencing technology and details its use in identification of molecular bases of rare diseases in human.
Chapter 2 describes and compares different methods of whole genome amplification (WGA) for replenishing DNA samples for genetic studies.
Chapter 3 ilustrates the method of whole genome microarray gene expression profiling and its application to study the treatment effect of a widely used cardiovascular drug.
Chapter 4 describes a brief history of large-insert libraries and their utility in exploring organisms with poor genetic and genome information.
Chapter 5 proposes a bio-molecular approach for the evaluation of the anaerobic digestion performance.
In Chapter 6, quantitative issues of the transposon-based gene delivery methods are addressed. Using the "Sleeping Beauty" transposon system as a prominent example, special detailed focus is given to copy number determination and to transposon excision efficiency quantification by real-time PCR based methodologies.
Chapter 7 provides an overview of extraction of a compendium of sequence and structural features, as well as the methodology for function prediction based on the techniques from Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning.
Chapter 8 presents a statistical method and a data mining solution for the problem of insertion site analysis and characterization of Alu elements
Chapter 9 investigates how Mutual Information (MI) can be used to improve methods of predicting functional residues and enhance structural data to describe the topological properties of amino acid coevolution networks within a protein and their interactions.
Chapter 10 attempts to validate MLVA to see if it could predict MRSA clones that were previously characterized by PFGE, MLST, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and to establish possible criteria of clustering MLVA patterns, looking for high concordance levels.
Chapter 11 introduces a web server which allows the user to perform genome rearrangement analysis using reversals, block-interchanges (also called generalized transpositions) and translocations (including fusions and fissions).
Chapter 12 discussed an algorithm which is used to optimally align simple sequence repeat (microsatellite) regions as they evolve uniquely through a process called polymerase slippage.
Chapter 13 possesses a background of the RUN domain research with an emphasis on the interaction between RUN domain protein including RUFY proteins and small GTPases with respect to the cell polarity and membrane trafficking.
In Chapter 14, the authors detail recent advances in understanding mechanisms of gene regulation in Drosophila.
Chapter 15 provides guidelines for human molecular geneticists to perform genetic screenings using next generation sequencing.
Chapter 16 describes the process that was used to locate and characterize small group I introns in the rRNA gene locus of fungi.
Chapter 17 summarizes recent insights in the biology of variant gene transcription in human and murine malaria species and addresses the molecular mechanisms at work which regulate the expression of important virulence factors.

Cancer is a broad group of diseases involving unregulated cell growth, in which cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. Cancer may also spread to different parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the bloodstream. "The Research and Biology of Cancer" discusses some recent advances in cancer research. There are totally two volumes: Volume I mainly discusses the role of some important enzymes and proteins in cancer, whereas Volume II discusses different types of cancers, including head and neck cancer, oral cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, and thyroid cancer.
Chapter 1 discusses personalised combination therapy targeting PI3K/Akt, STAT3, ERK, and EGFR signalling pathways which may provide clinical benefits for patients with HNSCC. Such therapy is useful because molecular cross-talk between the EGFR and other RTK signalling pathways through PI3K/Akt, STAT3, and ERK in HNSCCs, EGFR inhibitors alone may be unable to suppress EGFR downstream.
Chapter 2 describes tissue based LCM, which is a powerful technique that combines morphology, histopathology, and molecular biological analysis. The ability of LCM to retrieve specific populations of interested cells, combined with the analysis of gene sequencing and gene expression in these sub-population of cells, has made LCM an critical device in clinical and investigative oral oncology.
Chapter 3 discussed several aspects about the use of the Micronucleus Test to identify genetic damage in individuals at higher risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma and evaluated the malignant transformation potential of precancerous lesions.
Chapter 4 aims to picture the landscape of metastatic renal cancer starting from its pathogenesis, molecular markers, prognostic factors, metastatic potential, with emphasis on the recent evolution in the treatment of metastatic renal cancer cases.
Chapter 5 discusses skin-level jejunostomy (SLJ) tube placement technique using the G-tube, which is a safe procedure in patients with esophageal cancer. It allows the creation of a long-term feeding jejunostomy.
Chapter 7 offers a comprehensive review of the small bowel neoplasms, as well as its varied clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges and management principles.
Chapter 8 reviews the current research efforts to identify biomarkers suitable for non-invasive colon cancer screening.
Chapter 9 conducted a pilot study to determine the safety and feasibility of an early start of chemotherapy after the resection of colorectal cancer with distant metastases. Chemotherapy usually starts after 4 weeks of surgical resection of colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, there is no study on the optimal length of this delay. A patient may die because postoperative chemotherapy was not started soon enough and so a metastatic tumor was able to develop rapidly. This chapter gives a good review of this problem.
Chapter 10 focuses on the putative role of intestinal microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer, describing his metabolic functions and relation with diet, and his interaction with host's immunity and with molecular and morpho-functional activity of gastrointestinal tract.
Chapter 11 describes an approach used for identification of a novel PPI. It shows that an uncharacterized protein, two-transmembrane protein 88 (TMEM88), is a binding partner of Dishevelled (Dvl/Dsh) by using a combination of techniques, including bioinformatic, biophysical, and biochemical methods.