Cancer is a broad group of diseases involving unregulated cell
growth, in which cells divide and grow uncontrollably, forming
malignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of the body. Cancer may
also spread to different parts of the body through the lymphatic
system or the bloodstream. "The Research and Biology of Cancer"
discusses some recent advances in cancer research. There are
totally two volumes: Volume I mainly discusses the role of some
important enzymes and proteins in cancer, whereas Volume II
discusses different types of cancers, including head and neck
cancer, oral cancer, kidney cancer, colon cancer, and thyroid
cancer.
Chapter 1 discusses personalised combination therapy targeting
PI3K/Akt, STAT3, ERK, and EGFR signalling pathways which may
provide clinical benefits for patients with HNSCC. Such therapy is
useful because molecular cross-talk between the EGFR and other RTK
signalling pathways through PI3K/Akt, STAT3, and ERK in HNSCCs,
EGFR inhibitors alone may be unable to suppress EGFR downstream.
Chapter 2 describes tissue based LCM, which is a powerful
technique that combines morphology, histopathology, and molecular
biological analysis. The ability of LCM to retrieve specific
populations of interested cells, combined with the analysis of gene
sequencing and gene expression in these sub-population of cells,
has made LCM an critical device in clinical and investigative oral
oncology.
Chapter 3 discussed several aspects about the use of the
Micronucleus Test to identify genetic damage in individuals at
higher risk of developing oral squamous cell carcinoma and
evaluated the malignant transformation potential of precancerous
lesions.
Chapter 4 aims to picture the landscape of metastatic renal cancer
starting from its pathogenesis, molecular markers, prognostic
factors, metastatic potential, with emphasis on the recent
evolution in the treatment of metastatic renal cancer cases.
Chapter 5 discusses skin-level jejunostomy (SLJ) tube placement
technique using the G-tube, which is a safe procedure in patients
with esophageal cancer. It allows the creation of a long-term
feeding jejunostomy.
Chapter 7 offers a comprehensive review of the small bowel
neoplasms, as well as its varied clinical manifestations,
diagnostic challenges and management principles.
Chapter 8 reviews the current research efforts to identify
biomarkers suitable for non-invasive colon cancer screening.
Chapter 9 conducted a pilot study to determine the safety and
feasibility of an early start of chemotherapy after the resection
of colorectal cancer with distant metastases. Chemotherapy usually
starts after 4 weeks of surgical resection of colorectal cancer.
Unfortunately, there is no study on the optimal length of this
delay. A patient may die because postoperative chemotherapy was not
started soon enough and so a metastatic tumor was able to develop
rapidly. This chapter gives a good review of this problem.
Chapter 10 focuses on the putative role of intestinal microbiota
in the development of colorectal cancer, describing his metabolic
functions and relation with diet, and his interaction with host's
immunity and with molecular and morpho-functional activity of
gastrointestinal tract.
Chapter 11 describes an approach used for identification of a
novel PPI. It shows that an uncharacterized protein,
two-transmembrane protein 88 (TMEM88), is a binding partner of
Dishevelled (Dvl/Dsh) by using a combination of techniques,
including bioinformatic, biophysical, and biochemical methods.
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