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The work presented concerns the preparation, characterization and
biological evaluation of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff
bases derived from amoxycillin, cephalexin, sulphamethoxazole and
trimethoprim, and salicylalde-hyde and pyridoxal. In these
complexes an amino group available in the drug substances was
allowed to react with salicylaldehyde and pyridoxal hydrochloride,
separately, to obtain Schiff bases which were, subsequently,
reacted with Cu(CH3COO)2. H2O and/or Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O to form
Schiff base metal complexes. The ligands and the complexes were
characterized by microanalytical, thermogravimetric, magnetic and
spectroscopic data. The geometry of the Zn(II) complexes appears to
be simple square-pyramidal or octahedral. All the compounds under
investigation possess antibacterial activity. The antibacterial
activity showed the following trend: Cu(II)-complexes >
Zn(II)-complexes > Schiff base ligands > parent xxvi drugs.
The Cu(II)-complexes with the Schiff bases derived from cephalexin
showed substantially enhanced activity against P. aeruginosa as
compared with the parent drug.
Beauty creams and sun blocks are cosmetic products. The majority of
creams and lotions are emulsions. An emulsion can be defined simply
as two immiscible fluids in which one liquid is dispersed as fine
droplets in the other. Beauty creams and sun blocks are widely used
in Pakistan as well as all over the world due to look more
beautiful, young, fair, wrinkle and spot free skin. Skin care
products cause large number of common diseases such as cancer,
hormonal disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, immune disorders,
heart disease and sexual problems. Skin cancer is exacerbated by
toxic chemicals found in most skin lotions and sunscreens.
Detection of toxic metals (Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Bi, Cd, Hg,
Ti) in different brands of beauty creams and sun blocks has been
made by atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled
plasma to ensure the safety of their use. The present work mainly
focuses on quantify and compare the levels of toxic metals in
different brands of beauty creams and sun blocks. The digestion of
different samples of beauty cream and sun blocks was done by using
concentrated acids (HNO3 and HCl).
Pakistan being an agricultural country is facing shortage of
pulses. Major pulses grown in Pakistan include desi chickpeas
(gram), lentils (masur), mung beans, black matpe (mash beans), and
dry peas whole (matter). Other pulses include kabuli chickpeas, and
kidney beans. The indigenous production doesn't meet the pulses
requirement of the country. Imports account for about 37% of
Pakistan's total consumption of pulses. In 2010, imports of pulses
totaled 445,000 tons, valued at $262 million compared to 280,000
tons in fiscal year 2009, valued at $236 million. The situation is
further aggravated due to the mushrooming growth in population and
inflation rate. This gigantic drain on our hard-earned foreign
exchange resources is a great challenge for agricultural scientists
and all allied stalk holders. Among the pulses crops, mung bean
emerged a potential pulses crop that can minimize the gap between
production and consumption. The book in hand can furnish useful
information for agriculture scientists and growers.
The book encompasses valuable information on identification of
supervier wheat genotypes under moisture stress and irrigated
environments. Drought limit the seed production especially wheat,
as the crop is grown in areas where artificial means of irrigation
are either lacking or inadequate. Low yield of wheat is also due to
moisture stress during its growth period, mainly due to uncertain
rainfall. The solutions include the development of different
irrigation systems which require huge expenses. The best option is
to develop drought tolerant wheat genotypes. Therefore, the
screening of elite and exotic wheat germplasm for drought tolerant
was preferred to develop desirable wheat varieties with greater
yield potential under both irrigated and rainfed conditions which
can boost up grain yield. The book can be an asset for the
researchers, planner and agriculture students. It should in each
and every library around the country.
It is quite natural for a writer to give room to his own culture
and social background in one's writings. Bapsi too is not an
exception. Being a Parsi by birth, she is profoundly rooted in her
own Parsi culture and beliefs and completely engrossed in it. Bapsi
has given voice to all that happened to her in and outside her
home.Her own life becomes the representation of the Parsi minority
girls and women later on. The atmosphere at home was very much like
found in Asian houses.
The book in hand provide valuable information on tobacco, being an
important cash crop of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, providing
employment opportunity for one million family, gigantic amount of
revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Tobacco industry is the
largest contributor to the excise duty. The increasing pressure of
population and demand due to worldwide price increases make it very
important to produce more tobacco and increase the per unit yield.
The book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and
agriculture students. It should be in each and every library around
the country.
A compendium of quality Caprine Mycoplasma vaccine production is
presented with respect to its stability, safety and sterility
studies and in-vivo clinical trial of plain formalin inactivated
(FIV) and two adjuvanted vaccines (AAV & OEV)belong to
Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (PG3) also known as Mycoplasma
capricolum sub spp capricolum in goats. The growth was obtained in
PPLO broth containing yeast extract (1%), horse serum (20%) and
thallium acetate. Each dose of 2.5ml vaccine contains not less than
0.10 mg of protein. All the vaccines were found stable upto 6
months under refrigeration temperature.Indirect haemagglutination
test (IHA) and complement fixation tests (CFT) were applied to
determine humoral immune response in goats. Overall vaccine results
showed that OEV had produced higher CFT antibody response. Whereas,
AAV alone and as booster showed non significant variation in the
CFT and IHA antibody response. This is the first reported effort to
develop adjuvanted vaccines against Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies
capri (PG3) to develop immunity in goats. Moreover, OEV and AAV
proved helpful in providing solid immunity which lasted for more
than a year.
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