The work presented concerns the preparation, characterization and biological evaluation of Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from amoxycillin, cephalexin, sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim, and salicylalde-hyde and pyridoxal. In these complexes an amino group available in the drug substances was allowed to react with salicylaldehyde and pyridoxal hydrochloride, separately, to obtain Schiff bases which were, subsequently, reacted with Cu(CH3COO)2. H2O and/or Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O to form Schiff base metal complexes. The ligands and the complexes were characterized by microanalytical, thermogravimetric, magnetic and spectroscopic data. The geometry of the Zn(II) complexes appears to be simple square-pyramidal or octahedral. All the compounds under investigation possess antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity showed the following trend: Cu(II)-complexes > Zn(II)-complexes > Schiff base ligands > parent xxvi drugs. The Cu(II)-complexes with the Schiff bases derived from cephalexin showed substantially enhanced activity against P. aeruginosa as compared with the parent drug.

Beauty creams and sun blocks are cosmetic products. The majority of creams and lotions are emulsions. An emulsion can be defined simply as two immiscible fluids in which one liquid is dispersed as fine droplets in the other. Beauty creams and sun blocks are widely used in Pakistan as well as all over the world due to look more beautiful, young, fair, wrinkle and spot free skin. Skin care products cause large number of common diseases such as cancer, hormonal disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, immune disorders, heart disease and sexual problems. Skin cancer is exacerbated by toxic chemicals found in most skin lotions and sunscreens. Detection of toxic metals (Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Bi, Cd, Hg, Ti) in different brands of beauty creams and sun blocks has been made by atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma to ensure the safety of their use. The present work mainly focuses on quantify and compare the levels of toxic metals in different brands of beauty creams and sun blocks. The digestion of different samples of beauty cream and sun blocks was done by using concentrated acids (HNO3 and HCl).

The book in hand provide valuable information on tobacco, being an important cash crop of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, providing employment opportunity for one million family, gigantic amount of revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Tobacco industry is the largest contributor to the excise duty. The increasing pressure of population and demand due to worldwide price increases make it very important to produce more tobacco and increase the per unit yield. The book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students. It should be in each and every library around the country.

It is quite natural for a writer to give room to his own culture and social background in one's writings. Bapsi too is not an exception. Being a Parsi by birth, she is profoundly rooted in her own Parsi culture and beliefs and completely engrossed in it. Bapsi has given voice to all that happened to her in and outside her home.Her own life becomes the representation of the Parsi minority girls and women later on. The atmosphere at home was very much like found in Asian houses.

The book encompasses valuable information on identification of supervier wheat genotypes under moisture stress and irrigated environments. Drought limit the seed production especially wheat, as the crop is grown in areas where artificial means of irrigation are either lacking or inadequate. Low yield of wheat is also due to moisture stress during its growth period, mainly due to uncertain rainfall. The solutions include the development of different irrigation systems which require huge expenses. The best option is to develop drought tolerant wheat genotypes. Therefore, the screening of elite and exotic wheat germplasm for drought tolerant was preferred to develop desirable wheat varieties with greater yield potential under both irrigated and rainfed conditions which can boost up grain yield. The book can be an asset for the researchers, planner and agriculture students. It should in each and every library around the country.

Pakistan being an agricultural country is facing shortage of pulses. Major pulses grown in Pakistan include desi chickpeas (gram), lentils (masur), mung beans, black matpe (mash beans), and dry peas whole (matter). Other pulses include kabuli chickpeas, and kidney beans. The indigenous production doesn't meet the pulses requirement of the country. Imports account for about 37% of Pakistan's total consumption of pulses. In 2010, imports of pulses totaled 445,000 tons, valued at $262 million compared to 280,000 tons in fiscal year 2009, valued at $236 million. The situation is further aggravated due to the mushrooming growth in population and inflation rate. This gigantic drain on our hard-earned foreign exchange resources is a great challenge for agricultural scientists and all allied stalk holders. Among the pulses crops, mung bean emerged a potential pulses crop that can minimize the gap between production and consumption. The book in hand can furnish useful information for agriculture scientists and growers.

A compendium of quality Caprine Mycoplasma vaccine production is presented with respect to its stability, safety and sterility studies and in-vivo clinical trial of plain formalin inactivated (FIV) and two adjuvanted vaccines (AAV & OEV)belong to Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (PG3) also known as Mycoplasma capricolum sub spp capricolum in goats. The growth was obtained in PPLO broth containing yeast extract (1%), horse serum (20%) and thallium acetate. Each dose of 2.5ml vaccine contains not less than 0.10 mg of protein. All the vaccines were found stable upto 6 months under refrigeration temperature.Indirect haemagglutination test (IHA) and complement fixation tests (CFT) were applied to determine humoral immune response in goats. Overall vaccine results showed that OEV had produced higher CFT antibody response. Whereas, AAV alone and as booster showed non significant variation in the CFT and IHA antibody response. This is the first reported effort to develop adjuvanted vaccines against Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (PG3) to develop immunity in goats. Moreover, OEV and AAV proved helpful in providing solid immunity which lasted for more than a year.