Highlighting the motivations of B Corp entrepreneurs in Chile, this book explores the phenomenon behind for-profit organisations that are committed to social and ecological sustainability as well as human welfare. By examining the personal and social drivers of businesses which are not solely focused on profit-making, the authors reveal a dual orientation that is an important factor in the creation of hybrid organisations. Offering an in-depth study of B Corp entrepreneurs in Chile, the largest B Corp community outside of North America, this pioneering book challenges dominant assumptions that there is only one ideal type of entrepreneur and argues that the values of the purely profit-driven and purely social-driven do in fact intersect. An enlightening read for researchers of social business and sustainability, this book analyses perceptions towards success, and the desire to solve environmental problems, underlining a fundamental aspect of the entrepreneur's personal value structure.

Asisthecasewithmostbooks,thisbookalsotooksometimetoevolve. Withthe ?rstideasaboutwritingitbeginningin2004,itwasaratherlongandbusyprocess. However,itwasalsoaprocessfullofacquiringnewknowledge,discussingtopics withinterestingpeople,gainingpersonalinsights,and?nallyresultinginpersonal development. Particularly,IwouldliketothankRainhartLang,whocontributedto myunderstandingofleadershipandtheorybyprovidingmanysuggestionsandalot ofadvice. Furthermore,IwouldliketothankthestudentsatChemnitzUniversityof Technologywhopatientlytookpartinmycoursesoncontemporaryleadership theory. FromthemIlearnedhownewcomerstothesubjectunderstandwhatIhave writteninselectedchaptersandwhatshouldbeconsequentlyamended. Additi- ally,ElisabethSchumannandJuliaHeiberdidagreatjobwithproofreadingthe bookandadvancingtheleveloflanguage. AsEnglishisnotmy?rstlanguageitwas sometimesnecessarytoremindmethatexpressingsomethinginEnglishisrather differentfromtellingitinGerman. Finally,Iamalsogratefultothepeopleat Springer,whohelpedmepublishingthisbook. v Contents 1 AimsandOutlineoftheBook ...1 2 CharacteristicsofContemporaryTheoreticalApproaches inLeadershipResearch...5 3 AttributionTheoryinLeadershipResearch...9 IntroductionandBackground...9 LeadershipasAttributedQuality ...10 Leader'Asisthecasewithmostbooks,thisbookalsotooksometimetoevolve. Withthe ?rstideasaboutwritingitbeginningin2004,itwasaratherlongandbusyprocess. However,itwasalsoaprocessfullofacquiringnewknowledge,discussingtopics withinterestingpeople,gainingpersonalinsights,and?nallyresultinginpersonal development. Particularly,IwouldliketothankRainhartLang,whocontributedto myunderstandingofleadershipandtheorybyprovidingmanysuggestionsandalot ofadvice. Furthermore,IwouldliketothankthestudentsatChemnitzUniversityof Technologywhopatientlytookpartinmycoursesoncontemporaryleadership theory. FromthemIlearnedhownewcomerstothesubjectunderstandwhatIhave writteninselectedchaptersandwhatshouldbeconsequentlyamended. Additi- ally,ElisabethSchumannandJuliaHeiberdidagreatjobwithproofreadingthe bookandadvancingtheleveloflanguage. AsEnglishisnotmy?rstlanguageitwas sometimesnecessarytoremindmethatexpressingsomethinginEnglishisrather differentfromtellingitinGerman. Finally,Iamalsogratefultothepeopleat Springer,whohelpedmepublishingthisbook. v Contents 1 AimsandOutlineoftheBook ...1 2 CharacteristicsofContemporaryTheoreticalApproaches inLeadershipResearch...5 3 AttributionTheoryinLeadershipResearch...9 IntroductionandBackground...9 LeadershipasAttributedQuality ...10 Leader'sAttributionsBasedonObservedBehavior ...15 StageofDiagnosis ...16 StageofDecision...19 AnInteractiveModeloftheLeader/MemberAttributionProcess...20 SelectedProsandCons ...22 4 PsychodynamicLeadershipApproach ...23 IntroductionandBackground...23 BasicConcepts...23 FamilyofOrigin ...24 ProcessofMaturationandIndividualization ...24 DependenceandIndependence ...25 Regression...25 SuppressionandShadowoftheEgo...25 Identi?cationandtheEmergenceofLeadership ...26 AnalysisofLeadershipRelations...27 TypesofLeaders...28 SelectedProsandCons ...30 5 NeocharismaticLeadership ...31 IntroductionandBackground...31 MaxWeber:CharismaandLegitimatedAuthority...32 CharismaticLeadership ...32 vii viii Contents TheEarlyConcept ...32 CharismaasAttribution...33 Self-Concept-BasedTheoryofCharisma...34 CharismaasFire ...34 Value-BasedLeadership ...36 BacktotheFollowers...36 TheGLOBEResearchProgram ...37 TransformationalLeadership ...40 FactorsofTransformationalLeadership...41 FactorsofTransactionalLeadership...4 2 Non-leadership ...43 SimilaritiesintheApproaches...44 SelectedProsandCons ...45 6 Leader?memberExchangeTheory ...47 IntroductionandBackground...47 QualitiesandDevelopmentofLeader?memberRelations...48 EffectsandDevelopmentofHigh-qualityLeader?member Relationships ...51 SelectedProsandCons ...53 7 IdiosyncrasyCreditModelofLeadership ...55 IntroductionandBackground...55 DevelopmentofStatus...55 NonconformityofLeaders...57 Electedvs. AppointedLeaders...57 SelectedProsandCons ...58 8 SymbolicLeadership...59 IntroductionandBackground...59 ALeader'Asisthecasewithmostbooks,thisbookalsotooksometimetoevolve. Withthe ?rstideasaboutwritingitbeginningin2004,itwasaratherlongandbusyprocess. However,itwasalsoaprocessfullofacquiringnewknowledge,discussingtopics withinterestingpeople,gainingpersonalinsights,and?nallyresultinginpersonal development. Particularly,IwouldliketothankRainhartLang,whocontributedto myunderstandingofleadershipandtheorybyprovidingmanysuggestionsandalot ofadvice. Furthermore,IwouldliketothankthestudentsatChemnitzUniversityof Technologywhopatientlytookpartinmycoursesoncontemporaryleadership theory. FromthemIlearnedhownewcomerstothesubjectunderstandwhatIhave writteninselectedchaptersandwhatshouldbeconsequentlyamended. Additi- ally,ElisabethSchumannandJuliaHeiberdidagreatjobwithproofreadingthe bookandadvancingtheleveloflanguage. AsEnglishisnotmy?rstlanguageitwas sometimesnecessarytoremindmethatexpressingsomethinginEnglishisrather differentfromtellingitinGerman. Finally,Iamalsogratefultothepeopleat Springer,whohelpedmepublishingthisbook. v Contents 1 AimsandOutlineoftheBook ...1 2 CharacteristicsofContemporaryTheoreticalApproaches inLeadershipResearch...5 3 AttributionTheoryinLeadershipResearch...9 IntroductionandBackground...9 LeadershipasAttributedQuality ...10 Leader'sAttributionsBasedonObservedBehavior ...15 StageofDiagnosis ...16 StageofDecision...19 AnInteractiveModeloftheLeader/MemberAttributionProcess...20 SelectedProsandCons ...22 4 PsychodynamicLeadershipApproach ...23 IntroductionandBackground...23 BasicConcepts...23 FamilyofOrigin ...24 ProcessofMaturationandIndividualization ...24 DependenceandIndependence ...25 Regression...25 SuppressionandShadowoftheEgo...25 Identi?cationandtheEmergenceofLeadership ...26 AnalysisofLeadershipRelations...27 TypesofLeaders...2 8 SelectedProsandCons ...30 5 NeocharismaticLeadership ...31 IntroductionandBackground...31 MaxWeber:CharismaandLegitimatedAuthority...32 CharismaticLeadership ...32 vii viii Contents TheEarlyConcept ...32 CharismaasAttribution...33 Self-Concept-BasedTheoryofCharisma...34 CharismaasFire ...34 Value-BasedLeadership ...36 BacktotheFollowers...36 TheGLOBEResearchProgram ...37 TransformationalLeadership ...40 FactorsofTransformationalLeadership...41 FactorsofTransactionalLeadership...42 Non-leadership ...43 SimilaritiesintheApproaches...44 SelectedProsandCons ...45 6 Leader?memberExchangeTheory ...47 IntroductionandBackground...47 QualitiesandDevelopmentofLeader?memberRelations...48 EffectsandDevelopmentofHigh-qualityLeader?member Relationships ...51 SelectedProsandCons ...53 7 IdiosyncrasyCreditModelofLeadership ...55 IntroductionandBackground...55 DevelopmentofStatus...55 NonconformityofLeaders...57 Electedvs. AppointedLeaders...57 SelectedProsandCons ...58 8 SymbolicLeadership...59 IntroductionandBackground...59 ALeader'sActingIsSymbolized ...60 LeadershipasBeingSymbolizedandSymbolizing ...61 SelectedProsandCons ...63 9 Micro-politicsApproachtoLeadership...6 5 IntroductionandBackground...65 PoliticsandLeadership ...66 TacticsofMicro-politicalBehavior ...67 AModelofPoliticalLeaderBehavior...68 Micro-politicsandtheLifeCycleofanOrganization...72 Micro-politicsIsNotInherentlyBad ...73 SelectedProsandCons ...73 10 RoleTheoryofLeadership...75 IntroductionandBackground ...75 Contents ix ExpectationsandtheRoleSet ...76 TheProcessofRoleAscription...78 RoleCon?icts ...82 SelectedProsandCons ...83 11 SocialLearningTheoryofLeadership...85 IntroductionandBackground ...85 CharacteristicsofSocialLearninginLeadershipRelations...86 ModelLearning ...86 TheRoleofCognitiveProcesses ...88 Self-reinforcementandSelf-control ...89 CentralTheoreticalModeloftheApproach...90 SelectedProsandCons ...91 References ...93 Index ...105 Chapter1 AimsandOutlineoftheBook Theaimofthebookistoprovideanoverviewofthebasictheoriesandtheoretical approaches of today's leadership research. The theories described in this book enhancethetraditionalthinkingoftraitsandstyles. Atthesametime,theysupp- menttheoreticalapproachesfoundintopleadershipjournalsnowadays,butalso offer alternative explanations, and sometimes challenge mainstream leadership research. Asaconsequence,thebookintendstohighlightthediversityoftheore- cal approaches in contemporary leadership research.

Asisthecasewithmostbooks,thisbookalsotooksometimetoevolve. Withthe ?rstideasaboutwritingitbeginningin2004,itwasaratherlongandbusyprocess. However,itwasalsoaprocessfullofacquiringnewknowledge,discussingtopics withinterestingpeople,gainingpersonalinsights,and?nallyresultinginpersonal development. Particularly,IwouldliketothankRainhartLang,whocontributedto myunderstandingofleadershipandtheorybyprovidingmanysuggestionsandalot ofadvice. Furthermore,IwouldliketothankthestudentsatChemnitzUniversityof Technologywhopatientlytookpartinmycoursesoncontemporaryleadership theory. FromthemIlearnedhownewcomerstothesubjectunderstandwhatIhave writteninselectedchaptersandwhatshouldbeconsequentlyamended. Additi- ally,ElisabethSchumannandJuliaHeiberdidagreatjobwithproofreadingthe bookandadvancingtheleveloflanguage. AsEnglishisnotmy?rstlanguageitwas sometimesnecessarytoremindmethatexpressingsomethinginEnglishisrather differentfromtellingitinGerman. Finally,Iamalsogratefultothepeopleat Springer,whohelpedmepublishingthisbook. v Contents 1 AimsandOutlineoftheBook ...1 2 CharacteristicsofContemporaryTheoreticalApproaches inLeadershipResearch...5 3 AttributionTheoryinLeadershipResearch...9 IntroductionandBackground...9 LeadershipasAttributedQuality ...10 Leader'sAttributionsBasedonObservedBehavior ...15 StageofDiagnosis ...16 StageofDecision...19 AnInteractiveModeloftheLeader/MemberAttributionProcess...20 SelectedProsandCons ...22 4 PsychodynamicLeadershipApproach ...23 IntroductionandBackground...23 BasicConcepts...23 FamilyofOrigin ...24 ProcessofMaturationandIndividualization ...24 DependenceandIndependence ...25 Regression...25 SuppressionandShadowoftheEgo...25 Identi?cationandtheEmergenceofLeadership ...26 AnalysisofLeadershipRelations...27 TypesofLeaders...28 SelectedProsandCons ...30 5 NeocharismaticLeadership ...31 IntroductionandBackground...31 MaxWeber:CharismaandLegitimatedAuthority...32 CharismaticLeadership ...32 vii viii Contents TheEarlyConcept ...32 CharismaasAttribution...33 Self-Concept-BasedTheoryofCharisma...34 CharismaasFire ...34 Value-BasedLeadership ...36 BacktotheFollowers...36 TheGLOBEResearchProgram ...37 TransformationalLeadership ...40 FactorsofTransformationalLeadership...41 FactorsofTransactionalLeadership...42 Non-leadership ...43 SimilaritiesintheApproaches...44 SelectedProsandCons ...45 6 Leader?memberExchangeTheory ...4 7 IntroductionandBackground...47 QualitiesandDevelopmentofLeader?memberRelations...48 EffectsandDevelopmentofHigh-qualityLeader?member Relationships ...51 SelectedProsandCons ...53 7 IdiosyncrasyCreditModelofLeadership ...55 IntroductionandBackground...55 DevelopmentofStatus...55 NonconformityofLeaders...57 Electedvs. AppointedLeaders...57 SelectedProsandCons ...58 8 SymbolicLeadership...59 IntroductionandBackground...59 ALeader'sActingIsSymbolized ...60 LeadershipasBeingSymbolizedandSymbolizing ...61 SelectedProsandCons ...63 9 Micro-politicsApproachtoLeadership...65 IntroductionandBackground...65 PoliticsandLeadership ...66 TacticsofMicro-politicalBehavior ...67 AModelofPoliticalLeaderBehavior...68 Micro-politicsandtheLifeCycleofanOrganization...72 Micro-politicsIsNotInherentlyBad ...73 SelectedProsandCons ...73 10 RoleTheoryofLeadership...75 IntroductionandBackground ...75 Contents ix ExpectationsandtheRoleSet ...76 TheProcessofRoleAscription...78 RoleCon?icts ...82 SelectedProsandCons ...83 11 SocialLearningTheoryofLeadership...85 IntroductionandBackground ...85 CharacteristicsofSocialLearninginLeadershipRelations...86 ModelLearning ...86 TheRoleofCognitiveProcesses ...8 8 Self-reinforcementandSelf-control ...89 CentralTheoreticalModeloftheApproach...90 SelectedProsandCons ...91 References ...93 Index ...105 Chapter1 AimsandOutlineoftheBook Theaimofthebookistoprovideanoverviewofthebasictheoriesandtheoretical approaches of today's leadership research. The theories described in this book enhancethetraditionalthinkingoftraitsandstyles. Atthesametime,theysupp- menttheoreticalapproachesfoundintopleadershipjournalsnowadays,butalso offer alternative explanations, and sometimes challenge mainstream leadership research. Asaconsequence,thebookintendstohighlightthediversityoftheore- cal approaches in contemporary leadership research.

Highlighting the motivations of B Corp entrepreneurs in Chile, this book explores the phenomenon behind for-profit organisations that are committed to social and ecological sustainability as well as human welfare. By examining the personal and social drivers of businesses which are not solely focused on profit-making, the authors reveal a dual orientation that is an important factor in the creation of hybrid organisations. Offering an in-depth study of B Corp entrepreneurs in Chile, the largest B Corp community outside of North America, this pioneering book challenges dominant assumptions that there is only one ideal type of entrepreneur and argues that the values of the purely profit-driven and purely social-driven do in fact intersect. An enlightening read for researchers of social business and sustainability, this book analyses perceptions towards success, and the desire to solve environmental problems, underlining a fundamental aspect of the entrepreneur's personal value structure.