Beta lactam derivatives exhibit a range of bioactivities, including anti-angiogenic, anti-tumour, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-tubercular, anti-glaucoma, anti-HIV, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties. The synthesis of metal complexes of lactam derivatives had received much attention due to the fact that they are among the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be employed for the prevention and cure of bacterial infection in humans. The pharmacological activity of these types of molecules is often enhanced by complexation with metal ions.Certain theories had been advanced advocating that a major portion of drug action occurred through complexation. The importance of metal ions in biological systems is well known. One of the most interesting features of metal coordinated systems is the concerted spatial arrangement of the ligands around the metal atom.

During the era of 1935-1945 the sulfonamide provided exceptional advances in the control of infectious diseases, particularly for these three major diseases hemolytic streptococcal infections, gonorrhea and other like pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis etc. They also proved effective in urinary tract infections. As a therapeutic agent sulfonamides were succeeded as an antibiotic. After this it showed broad control of such infection like tuberculosis, staphylococcal sepsis, rickettsia disease, and infections due to other gram negative bacteria.

This book describes the synthesis and characterization using proton-NMR, IR, CHNS analyzer, single crystal X-ray diffractometer and quantum chemical studies of novel derivatives of 5-aminotetrazole. The reactions involving acid chlorides were performed in inert atmosphere. The reactions with sulfonyl chlorides gave products with cleaved tetrazole ring structure. In 1H NMR spectrums, aromatic protons were observed at 7.4-7.9 ppm in all derivatives. The density functional theory has been used to investigate the geometric and electronic properties of all the compounds. The B3LYP/6-311G** level of theory was found better than the B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory to reproduce the experimental data. The HOMOs and LUMOs of all the compounds under study were also calculated.

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of various infections of humans caused by microbes has been a great success. Over the past years there has been an increase in the resistance of microorganisms against a large number of drugs. Keeping in view the biological activity and medicinal importance of sulfonamides, new sulfonamides are being synthesized. This book describes the synthesis of N-benzyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, its N-alkylated derivatives and evaluation of their anti-microbial activity. N-benzyl-4- methylbenzene sulfonamide was synthesized by the condensation of benzyl amine with p-toluene benzenesulfonylchloride. The solvent used for this reaction was water.N-alkylated derivatives were prepared by reacting N-benzyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide with different alkylating agents and sodium hydride using DMF as solvent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by different techniques like X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, Elemental analyzer and melting point. Evaluation of anti-microbial activity was carried out by employing deep well method against different bacterial strains.The synthesized compounds exhibited appreciable anti-microbial activity.

This Book describes the synthesis, crystal structure determination, antibacterial, antifungal, Brine-Shrimp Cytotoxocity assay and DPPH antioxidants studies of a range of new N- & O-Sulphonated derivatives of tyrosine. The targeted compounds were prepared by the reaction of Tyrosine with different sulfonyl chlorides via different synthesis schemes from moderate to excellent yields. The final products were extensively screened to investigate their antibacterial and antifungal potentials. All the derivatives were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus broncistepica, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterobacter aerogenes. These Derivative did not show any bioactivity against fungal strains such as Mucor species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani. The targeted compounds were also subjected to Brine-Shrimp cytotoxic studies. Only one compound showed good cytotoxic activity while other derivatives exhibit no activity at all.Antioxidant potential of these derivatives was investigated by DPPH Assay. All compounds showed excellent antioxidant activities.

The chemistry of antioxidants has developed rapidly. Natural and synthetic antioxidants found their various applications in petrochemical industry, cosmetics, food industry, and rubber industry and in medicines. This book will be of immense value to students, practicing professionals and others to learn something about the importance of antioxidants. This book is unique in this sense that it elucidates the role of spectrophotometry in evaluating the antioxidant potential of natural and synthetic compounds. In addition, it will give you an idea to identify the class of natural products by simple phytochemical screening tests. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential of Monotheca buxifolia by employing some in-vitro contemporary methods. The results obtained and Phytochemical screening deduce that Monotheca buxifolia possesses effective natural antioxidants and radical scavenging activity but it can not be associated with the total phenolic and total Flavanoid contents of the plant

A stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of Gemifloxacin in tablet formulation. The drug was subjected to forced degradation study in terms of acidic, thermal, oxidative, photo and basic stresses. Degradation products produced as a result of stress testing were successfully separated through C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 m) using ammonium acetate buffer (pH 2.7; 0.05 M) and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The diode array detection was performed at 272 nm. The method was linear over the concentration range of 0.256-128 g/mL with correlation coefficient equal to 0.9990. The LOD and LOQ were 10 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL respectively. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The method showed adequate separation of Gemifloxacin from its stress induced degradation products and excipients with resolution greater than 1.5 within 11 minutes. The method is therefore considered as stability indicating, rapid and suitable for the chromatographic purity and assay determination of Gemifloxacin not only in routine quality control analysis but also for stability studies.