This book explores some of the major processes involved in the definition of school subject knowledge. Using historical ethnographic methods, the contributors to the collection highlight and examine some of the factors involved at national, institutional and classroom levels in the making of school subjects. The first section of the book outlines the theoretical and methodological basis for the study off school subjects, and the reasons for and the possibilities of such a study are considered. In the second section some histories of school curricula are presented from a variety of settings -- colonial schools in Africa, working-class schools of the nineteenth century, nursery schools -- and the conflicting forces of determination and change in school subjects are identified and examined. The third section focuses on the contemporary school situation and the papers isolate and investigate some of the interest groups and social processes which enter into or affect the realization of school knowledge in the classroom.

The process of curriculum development is highly practical, as Goodson shows in this enlarged anniversary third edition of his seminal work. The position of subjects and their development within the curriculum is illustrated by looking at how school subjects, in particular, geography and biology, gained academic and intellectual respectability within the whole curriculum during the late 1960s and early 1970s. He highlights how subjects owe their formation and accreditation to competing status and their power to compete in the provision of 'worthwhile' knowledge and considers subjects as continually changing sub-groups of information. Such subjects from the framework of the society in which individuals live and over which they have influence. This volume questions the basis on which subject disciplines are developed and formulates new possibilities for curriculum development and reform in a post-modrnist age.

Recent writing on education and social change, and a growing number of new governmental initiatives across Western societies have proceeded in denial or ignorance of the personal missions and biographical trajectories of key public sector personnel. This book stems from an underpinning belief that we have to understand the personal biographical if we are to understand the fate of social and political initiatives. In education a pattern has emerged in many countries around the world. Each new government enshrines targets and tests to ensure that teachers at the frontline delivery are 'more accountable'. Whilst this often provides evidence of symbolic action to the electorate or professional audiences, the evidence at the level of service delivery is often far less impressive. Targets, tests and tables may win wide support from the public, but there are often negligible or even contradictory effects at the point of delivery, enforced by the ignorance or denial of personal missions and biographical mandates. This book locates most of its analysis and discussion at the point of culture clash between centralised dictates, and individual and collective life missions. Whilst the early part of the book considers a range of issues related to school curriculum, the focus on the biographical and life narrative becomes increasingly important as the analysis proceeds. Curriculum, Personal Narrative and the Social Future will be of key interest to practising teachers, educational researchers and students on teacher training courses, postgraduate courses and doctoral courses.

Recent writing on education and social change, and a growing number of new governmental initiatives across Western societies have proceeded in denial or ignorance of the personal missions and biographical trajectories of key public sector personnel. This book stems from an underpinning belief that we have to understand the personal biographical if we are to understand the fate of social and political initiatives. In education a pattern has emerged in many countries around the world. Each new government enshrines targets and tests to ensure that teachers at the frontline delivery are 'more accountable'. Whilst this often provides evidence of symbolic action to the electorate or professional audiences, the evidence at the level of service delivery is often far less impressive. Targets, tests and tables may win wide support from the public, but there are often negligible or even contradictory effects at the point of delivery, enforced by the ignorance or denial of personal missions and biographical mandates. This book locates most of its analysis and discussion at the point of culture clash between centralised dictates, and individual and collective life missions. Whilst the early part of the book considers a range of issues related to school curriculum, the focus on the biographical and life narrative becomes increasingly important as the analysis proceeds. Curriculum, Personal Narrative and the Social Future will be of key interest to practising teachers, educational researchers and students on teacher training courses, postgraduate courses and doctoral courses.

We live in an age of narrative: life stories are a crucial ingredient in what makes us human and, in turn, what kind of human they make us. In recent years, narrative analysis has grown and is used across many areas of research. Interest in this rapidly developing approach now requires the firm theoretical underpinning that would allow researchers to both approach such research in a reliably structured way, and to interpret the results more effectively.

Developing Narrative Theory looks at the contemporary need to study life narratives, considers the emergence and salience of life narratives in contemporary culture, and discusses different forms of narrativity. It shows in detail how life story interviews are conducted, and demonstrates how the process often begins with relatively unstructured life story collection but moves to a more collaborative exchange, where sociological themes and historical patterns are scrutinised and mutually explored.

At the core of this book, the author shows that, far from there being a singular form of narrative or an infinite range of unique and idiosyncratic narratives, there are in fact clusters of narrativity and particular types of narrative style. These can be grouped into four main areas:

• Focussed Elaborators;
• Scripted Describers;
• Armchair Elaborators; and
• Focussed Describers.

Drawing on data from several large-scale studies from countries across the world, Professor Goodson details how theories of narrativity and life story analysis can combine to inform learning potential.

Timely and innovative, this book will be of use to all of those employing narrative and life history methods in their research. It will also be of interest to those working in lifelong learning and with professional and self development practices.

We live in an age of narrative: life stories are a crucial ingredient in what makes us human and, in turn, what kind of human they make us. In recent years, narrative analysis has grown and is used across many areas of research. Interest in this rapidly developing approach now requires the firm theoretical underpinning that would allow researchers to both approach such research in a reliably structured way, and to interpret the results more effectively.

Developing Narrative Theory looks at the contemporary need to study life narratives, considers the emergence and salience of life narratives in contemporary culture, and discusses different forms of narrativity. It shows in detail how life story interviews are conducted, and demonstrates how the process often begins with relatively unstructured life story collection but moves to a more collaborative exchange, where sociological themes and historical patterns are scrutinised and mutually explored.

At the core of this book, the author shows that, far from there being a singular form of narrative or an infinite range of unique and idiosyncratic narratives, there are in fact clusters of narrativity and particular types of narrative style. These can be grouped into four main areas:

• Focussed Elaborators;
• Scripted Describers;
• Armchair Elaborators; and
• Focussed Describers.

Drawing on data from several large-scale studies from countries across the world, Professor Goodson details how theories of narrativity and life story analysis can combine to inform learning potential.

Timely and innovative, this book will be of use to all of those employing narrative and life history methods in their research. It will also be of interest to those working in lifelong learning and with professional and self development practices.

In the past decade or so, there has been an increasing interest in employing a combination of archival and life history methods to understand the complexities of schooling. This book explores the history of the Beal Technical School in order to discuss the methods and problems involved in researching the story of an institution. It offers the scholar and practitioner a series of practical guidelines and examples for doing such research. At the same time, it includes elements of the history of a case study, leading to an extended discussion of complex issues of representation that will be of interest to both the new and the more experienced educational researcher. This book is a critical tool for a variety of education historians and researchers.

What is the role of narrative in how people learn throughout their lives?

Are there different patterns and forms of narrativity? How do they influence learning?

Based on data gathered for the Learning Lives project, which sought to understand learning by questioning individuals about their life stories, this book seeks to define a new learning theory which focuses on the role of narrative and narration in learning. Through a number of detailed case-studies based on longitudinal interviews conducted over three and four-year periods with a wide range of life story informants, Narrative Learning highlights the role of narrative and narration in an individual's learning and understanding of how they act in the world. The authors explore a domain of learning and human subjectivity which is vital but currently unexplored in learning and teaching and seek to re-position learning within the ongoing preoccupation with identity and agency. The 'interior conversations' whereby a person defines their personal thoughts and courses of action and creates their own stories and life missions, is situated at the heart of a person's map of learning and understanding of their place in the world.

The insights presented seek to show that most people spend a significant amount of time rehearsing and recounting their life-story, which becomes a strong influence on their actions and agency, and an important site of learning in itself. Narrative Learning seeks to shift the focus of learning from the prescriptivism of a strongly defined curriculum to accommodate personal narrative styles and thereby encourage engagement and motivation in the learning process. Hence the book has radical and far-reaching implications for existing Governmental policies on school curriculum.

The book will be of particular interest to professionals, educational researchers, policy-makers, undergraduate and postgraduate learners and all of those involved with education theory, CPD, adult education and lifelong learning.

What is the role of narrative in how people learn throughout their lives?

Are there different patterns and forms of narrativity? How do they influence learning?

Based on data gathered for the Learning Lives project, which sought to understand learning by questioning individuals about their life stories, this book seeks to define a new learning theory which focuses on the role of narrative and narration in learning. Through a number of detailed case-studies based on longitudinal interviews conducted over three and four-year periods with a wide range of life story informants, Narrative Learning highlights the role of narrative and narration in an individual's learning and understanding of how they act in the world. The authors explore a domain of learning and human subjectivity which is vital but currently unexplored in learning and teaching and seek to re-position learning within the ongoing preoccupation with identity and agency. The 'interior conversations' whereby a person defines their personal thoughts and courses of action and creates their own stories and life missions, is situated at the heart of a person's map of learning and understanding of their place in the world.

The insights presented seek to show that most people spend a significant amount of time rehearsing and recounting their life-story, which becomes a strong influence on their actions and agency, and an important site of learning in itself. Narrative Learning seeks to shift the focus of learning from the prescriptivism of a strongly defined curriculum to accommodate personal narrative styles and thereby encourage engagement and motivation in the learning process. Hence the book has radical and far-reaching implications for existing Governmental policies on school curriculum.

The book will be of particular interest to professionals, educational researchers, policy-makers, undergraduate and postgraduate learners and all of those involved with education theory, CPD, adult education and lifelong learning.

Professor Ivor Goodson has spent the last 30 years researching, thinking and writing about some of the key and enduring issues in education. He has contributed over 40 books and 600 articles to the field.
In this book, he brings together 20 key writings in one place. Starting with a specially written Introduction, which gives an overview of Ivor's career and contextualizes his selection within the development of the field, the chapters cover:
- Curriculum history and policy
- Classroom pedagogy and strategies for professional development
- Life history, narrative and educational change
This book not only shows how Ivor's thinking developed during his long and distinguished career; it also gives an insight into the development of the fields to which he contributed.
In the World Library of Educationalists, international scholars themselves compile career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, major theoretical and/practical contributions - so the world can read them in a single manageable volume. Readers will be able to follow the themes and strands of their work and see their contribution to the development of a field, as well as the development of the field itself.

School knowledge has been a subject for historians, notably in the field of history of education. concentrating on the educational aspects of particular historical periods, however, links with contemporary education have often remained undeveloped.; This text attempts to account for the growth of increased interest by sociologists and others in school subjects since the 1960s. Goodson's analysis of his own work in the UK and North America examines the range of insights afforded of the nature of schooling and teaching through the study of school subjects.

School subjects and how they are viewed and positioned within education is the focus of this text. It argues that, as part of rethinking the whole school curriculum, there has been a failure to look at the historical and social background of school subjects.

School subjects and how they are viewed and positioned within education is the focus of this text. It argues that, as part of rethinking the whole school curriculum, there has been a failure to look at the historical and social background of school subjects.

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The process of curriculum development is highly political, as Goodson shows in this enlarged anniversary third edition of his seminal work. The position of subjects and their development within the curriculum is illustrated by looking at how school subjects, in particular, geography and biology, gained academic and intellectual respectability within the whole curriculum during the late 1960s and early 1970s. He highlights how subjects owe their formation and accreditation to competing status and their power to compete in the provision of "worthwhile" knowledge and considers subjects as continually changing sub-groups of information. Such subjects form the framework of the society in which individuals live and over which they have influence. This volume questions the basis on which subject disciplines are developed and formulates new possibilities for curriculum development and reform in a post-modernist age. It is aimed at BEd, MEd students and lecturers, education historians, curriculum studies lecturers and policy makers.

This volume explores the contemporary situation of teachers' careers and teachers' lives in the context of falling roles, educational cuts and government demands for fundamental change in educational processes.

This book explores some of the major processes involved in the definition of school subject knowledge. Using historical ethnographic methods, the contributors to the collection highlight and examine some of the factors involved at national, institutional and classroom levels in the making of school subjects. The first section of the book outlines the theoretical and methodological basis for the study off school subjects, and the reasons for and the possibilities of such a study are considered. In the second section some histories of school curricula are presented from a variety of settings colonial schools in Africa, working-class schools of the nineteenth century, nursery schools and the conflicting forces of determination and change in school subjects are identified and examined. The third section focuses on the contemporary school situation and the papers isolate and investigate some of the interest groups and social processes which enter into or affect the realization of school knowledge in the classroom.

Education, Globalisation and New Times comprises a selection of the most influential papers published over the twenty-one years of the Journal of Education Policy. Written by many of the leading scholars in the field, these seminal papers cover a variety of subjects, sectors and levels of education, focused around the following major themes:

• education, globalisation and new times
• policy theory and method
• policy and equity.

Compiled by the journal's editors, Stephen Ball, Ivor Goodson and Meg Maguire, the book illustrates the development of the field of education policy studies, and the specially written Introduction contextualises the selection, whilst introducing students to the main issues and current thinking in the field.

There are many books focusing upon recipe-like strategies for undertaking research, and there are many books on the politics of change and sustainable change in communities. However in this ground-breaking book four leading experts in the field of research combine their talents to offer a very different focus: how practices and processes of research and education can create fundamental, radical social change.

Here the authors assess the meaning of public impact by rethinking what is meant by a public and how it is essential to the methodologies of education and research. They focus on and provide empirical illustrations of the use of research and educational processes in contemporary and emergent forms of social organisation, covering both the traditional forms to be found in the education system, health, community, business and the public institutions of government; as well as the emergent forms arising from innovations in information technologies. The book focuses on:

• researching the forms of learning and knowledge creation that take place across the whole range of everyday interactions that people engage in whether in places of learning, communities or workplaces
• the ways in which such learning and knowledge can be intentionally shaped by individuals and groups to effect social and political change
• The research strategies required to forge new practices, new ways of working and living for a more socially just world.

Avoiding jargon and introducing ideas and practices that can make a real difference this book will be relevant to students in education, sociology, politics, cultural studies and more generally on all courses where there are research-oriented modules focusing upon how to bring about change through social learning. It will also be of vital interest to a wide range of professional researchers from academics in their roles as teachers and professional researchers, to educators and activists working in our communities."

Education, Globalisation and New Times comprises a selection of the most influential papers published over the twenty-one years of the Journal of Education Policy. Written by many of the leading scholars in the field, these seminal papers cover a variety of subjects, sectors and levels of education, focused around the following major themes:

• education, globalisation and new times
• policy theory and method
• policy and equity.

Compiled by the journal's editors, Stephen Ball, Ivor Goodson and Meg Maguire, the book illustrates the development of the field of education policy studies, and the specially written Introduction contextualises the selection, whilst introducing students to the main issues and current thinking in the field.

Professor Ivor Goodson has spent the last 30 years researching, thinking and writing about some of the key and enduring issues in education. He has contributed over 40 books and 600 articles to the field.
In this book, he brings together 20 key writings in one place. Starting with a specially written Introduction, which gives an overview of Ivor's career and contextualizes his selection within the development of the field, the chapters cover:
- Curriculum history and policy
- Classroom pedagogy and strategies for professional development
- Life history, narrative and educational change
This book not only shows how Ivor's thinking developed during his long and distinguished career; it also gives an insight into the development of the fields to which he contributed.
In the World Library of Educationalists, international scholars themselves compile career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, major theoretical and/practical contributions - so the world can read them in a single manageable volume. Readers will be able to follow the themes and strands of their work and see their contribution to the development of a field, as well as the development of the field itself.

First published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The first edition of The Making of Curriculum was published in 1988 and reviewers hailed it as a seminal work in the field. In that work Goodson explored a number of aspects of the so-called traditional subjects and described the way they develop over time to a point where they can be promoted as 'academic' disciplines. He showed that the claim to be academic was in fact the result of a substantial political contest covering a century or more. The traditional subject was, in short, invented. The first edition of this book provided a series of challenging insights for those desiring to make sense of the current debate over schooling. In this new and extended second edition, Bill Pinar adds an illuminating introduction and Goodson brings his argument up-to-date with a discussion of the National Curriculum - 'a contemporary initiative in the making of curriculum.'

There are many books focusing upon recipe-like strategies for undertaking research, and there are many books on the politics of change and sustainable change in communities. However in this ground-breaking book four leading experts in the field of research combine their talents to offer a very different focus: how practices and processes of research and education can create fundamental, radical social change.

Here the authors assess the meaning of public impact by rethinking what is meant by a public and how it is essential to the methodologies of education and research. They focus on and provide empirical illustrations of the use of research and educational processes in contemporary and emergent forms of social organisation, covering both the traditional forms to be found in the education system, health, community, business and the public institutions of government; as well as the emergent forms arising from innovations in information technologies. The book focuses on:

• researching the forms of learning and knowledge creation that take place across the whole range of everyday interactions that people engage in whether in places of learning, communities or workplaces
• the ways in which such learning and knowledge can be intentionally shaped by individuals and groups to effect social and political change
• The research strategies required to forge new practices, new ways of working and living for a more socially just world.

Avoiding jargon and introducing ideas and practices that can make a real difference this book will be relevant to students in education, sociology, politics, cultural studies and more generally on all courses where there are research-oriented modules focusing upon how to bring about change through social learning. It will also be of vital interest to a wide range of professional researchers from academics in their roles as teachers and professional researchers, to educators and activists working in our communities."

It is widely recognised that we are living through an 'age of the narrative'. Many of the constituent disciplines in the social sciences resonate with this trend by using life history and narrative approaches and methods. As we move on from the modernist period which prioritised objectivity into the postmodern regard for subjectivity, this resort to narrative is likely to become more apparent and explicit in academic as well as social and commercial discourse. One aspect of this narrative form which is commonly overlooked is that of the pedagogic encounter. This is the phenomenon which is addressed by all narrative and biographical research. Fundamentally reflecting and examining the narrative of our lives in the process of learning, this book provides a series of studies and guidelines for what we have termed 'narrative pedagogy.' It presents a resource for an exploration of those narrative processes that can lead to meaningful change and development for individuals and groups within a learning environment and in life-learning. This focus on life history allows us to identify and support routes to learning within the narrative landscape of learners and through these pedagogic encounters.