This book discusses ways to improve macroeconomic policy in the context of the various macroeconomic problems of the past two decades, with the chapters having been written at various times over that period. It emphasises the need to find the best combinations of monetary policy and different forms of taxation and government outlays to achieve high employment and low inflation. There is a concluding chapter discussing the special problems that arise when inflation has become low, zero or even negative.

Covering theory and practice, Reward Management is an ideal textbook for postgraduate HR students, particularly those taking the CIPD Advanced level module in Strategic Reward Management Now in its fifth edition, Reward Management covers everything postgraduate HR students need to know about the topic to excel in their studies and start their careers as people professionals. It covers reward management systems, frameworks and strategies through to pay setting, pensions, benefits and non-financial reward. There is also coverage of the legal and employment relations context of reward management as well as discussion of international reward management. This new edition now includes brand new content on deferred reward, executive reward, the impact of social transformation and the wider economy on reward as well as changes to reward post the Covid-19 pandemic. The content has been fully updated throughout and now includes new discussion of sustainability and equality, diversity and inclusion and how they apply to reward management. This book is supported by examples, case studies and a range of pedagogical features such as learning objectives, self-test assessment exercises, key learning points and explore further boxes. Online resources include a lecturer manual and PowerPoint slides for every chapter.

Wall Street to Main Street: Charles Merrill and Middle-Class Investors focuses on the spectacularly successful career of financier Charles Merrill (1885-1956), the founder of Merrill Lynch & Co., the world's largest brokerage and investment firm. Merrill was the most innovative entrepreneur in the United States financial services sector in the twentieth century. He was the most important figure in promoting common stocks as a prudent long-term investment vehicle for members of the middle class across the United States. Opening more than 100 branch offices across the nation by 1950, his firm solicited millions of middle-class households and became famous for bringing "Wall Street to Main Street" in the post-World War II era. Today, American investors hold, either directly or indirectly through mutual funds, a greater percentage of common stocks in their financial portfolios than do the citizens of any other country. Based on archival sources, this book is the first biography published about the career of this major Wall Street figure. Edwin Perkins is a professor of history and an expert on the development of American financial services. Author of five books and several journal articles, Professor Perkins has testified before the U.S. Congress about proposed reforms to U.S. financial laws.

There is a large body of shared knowledge between the study of Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management but despite the crossover, they are often treated as very distinct disciplines. Written by a team of experts across both fields, Organizational Behaviour bridges the gap between OB and HRM, with an emphasis on inter-cultural and cross-cultural perspectives of organizational development, talent management, and leadership. Through a critical analysis of existing literature and case studies, the contributors cover topics such as corporate governance, ethical business practices, employee morale and motivation, performance management, corporate politics and conflict resolution, workplace diversity, creativity, and change management - all within the framework of current global employment standards and best practices.

The Routledge Companion to Reward Management provides a prestige reference work and a state-of-the-art compilation, mapping out contemporary developments and debates on rewarding people in employment, and how they relate to business, corporate governance and management. Reward management stands at the interdisciplinary interface between economics, industrial relations and HRM, industrial psychology and organizational sociology, and increasingly corporate governance incorporating debates around equity and fairness in and around the employment relationship and wider capital-labour relations. In recent years, trade union decline and widening differentials between those employed at the top of organizations have generated critical commentary in the popular media which can negatively impact on social cohesion. Theoretically underpinned but practically oriented, this Companion will synthesise these trends and controversies around issues while tracing conceptual and empirical provenance, currency and future prospects. It will be an invaluable resource for policy makers, practitioners, students and researchers in reward management, corporate governance, management and HRM seeking convenient access to an area which is highly complex and controversial in application.

This introductory book explains bee biology and diversity complemented with beautiful drawings and photographs. It forms an essential companion to a field guide, an accessible and affordable alternative to a technical handbook. The text is presented as themed double-page spreads covering all the major topics such as diversity, taxonomy, anatomy, behaviour, pollination, evolution and adaptation and the responses of bees to climate change. Bees that you may find in your garden, allotment or park are highlighted and the book is complemented with notes, references and reading recommendations if required. Hairy-foot, long-tongue has been designed to provide up-to-date research on the bees that are not honey- or bumble-, but represent the largest part of our bee fauna, in a beautifully illustrated, easily digested form that is a pleasure to look through as well as being informative. One of our favourite solitary bees is the Hairy-footed flower bee Anthophora plumipes. One may ask “Why is the foot hairy?” and “Why is the tongue long?” This book answers these questions and many others and explores the complexities of solitary bee lives and their evolution. The book has over 250 photographs and over 150 drawings (in colour and pencil): the majority of the photographs, and all of the drawings, are by the author. Whether readers are interested ‘Springwatch-watchers’ or are intrigued after seeing all the press coverage of the problems bees are having in our current environment; or as a beekeeper or member of a citizen-science programme monitoring bee populations or a student on an environmental studies course needing an accessible background text on biology and evolution in bees – this is the perfect book.

In 1904, only the unimposing tomb of a local holy man occupied the site chosen by British officials for the construction of a modern seaport to facilitate the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan's expanded commerce. Built where no urban center had previously existed, Port Sudan was the quintessential colonial city, created and designed by Europeans, who organized its municipal services and devised the regulations for its day-to-day management. The advantages of a created city were clear: The colonial government did not need to accommodate an indigenous urban population with its own existing social structures, institutions, and cultural values. This study examines the efforts of Port Sudan's builders and early administrators to tailor the urban environment to their own notions of the ideal colonial city-how it should look, how it should function, and how its human components should interact. It then focuses on the inter-war period, describing how the rapid growth of Port Sudan and its harbor posed insurmountable challenges to the maintenance of this ideal. Although the Sudanese population within the city steadily increased, their exclusion from any meaningful participation in municipal affairs during these troubled years left them physically and psychologically isolated. The situation began to change after World War II, but, as the study reveals, conditions in the post-war era only compounded long-standing political, economic, and social problems in Port Sudan, ensuring that the city the Sudanese inherited in 1956 still bore the marks of its colonial origins.

The last three years have resulted in a literal explosion of new techniques to examine responses of organisms to internal and external stimuli at the molecular level. This book outlines the use of techniques such as polymerase chain reaction assays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure single mRNA products or proteins diagnostics of exposure/effects of chemicals with well-defined modes or mechanisms of action. It explores exactly how data generated from new genomics technologies might actually impact/benefit the risk assessment process. A guide on how genomics research can impact regulatory decision making, the book also informs risk assessors on how genomics data may be used.

In 1904, only the unimposing tomb of a local holy man occupied the site chosen by British officials for the construction of a modern seaport to facilitate the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan's expanded commerce. Built where no urban center had previously existed, Port Sudan was the quintessential colonial city, created and designed by Europeans, who organized its municipal services and devised the regulations for its day-to-day management. The advantages of a created city were clear: The colonial government did not need to accommodate an indigenous urban population with its own existing social structures, institutions, and cultural values. This study examines the efforts of Port Sudan's builders and early administrators to tailor the urban environment to their own notions of the ideal colonial city-how it should look, how it should function, and how its human components should interact. It then focuses on the inter-war period, describing how the rapid growth of Port Sudan and its harbor posed insurmountable challenges to the maintenance of this ideal. Although the Sudanese population within the city steadily increased, their exclusion from any meaningful participation in municipal affairs during these troubled years left them physically and psychologically isolated. The situation began to change after World War II, but, as the study reveals, conditions in the post-war era only compounded long-standing political, economic, and social problems in Port Sudan, ensuring that the city the Sudanese inherited in 1956 still bore the marks of its colonial origins.

The demographically modest, but strategically significant, country of Tunisia has experienced profound and revolutionary change in the almost two decades since the publication of the previous edition of this volume (1997). Most dramatically, a populist uprising in 2011 ousted the entrenched dictatorship whose two heads had successively presided over the country since independence from France in 1956. As Tunisians celebrated this achievement, they inspired similar movements elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa, giving rise to an "Arab Spring" that held out hope for the introduction of transformational innovations in democratic concepts and institutions across the region. Sadly, however, powerful forces of the status quo thwarted these efforts in country after country. But in Tunisia itself, a more hopeful scenario unfolded. In the fall of 2011, elections to a constituent assembly that international observers characterized as free and fair, gave the major Islamic party a plurality of the votes and set Tunisia on a course of participatory democracy. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Tunisia contains a chronology, an introduction, an appendix, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Tunisia.

This edited volume includes a broad sample of scholarly publications of Professor Edwin J. Perkins on U.S. financial history and related topics in the fields of economic and business history. Included are journal articles, excerpts from his prominent books, plus three previously unpublished manuscripts. The content is organized chronologically, starting with the colonial era and ending with the second half of the twentieth century. A major highlight of the book is the key role stockbroker, Charles Merrill, founder of Merrill Lynch & Co., played in the evolution and expansion of the nation's equity markets in the twentieth century.

Volume 7 of Developments in Applied Spectroscopy is a collection of forty-two papers selected from those that were presented at the 7th National Meeting of the Society of Applied Spectroscopy, held (in place of the 19th Mid-America Symposium on Spectroscopy) in Chicago, May 13-17, 1968. These papers, selected by the editors and reviewed by persons knowledgeable in the field, are those of the symposium type and not those pertaining to specific research topics that one would expect to be submitted to a journal. It is the opinion of the committee that this type of publication has an important place in the literature. The relatively large number of papers would result in quite a sizable volume if bound in one set of covers. For this reason, and to present the material in areas of more specific mterest, Volume 7 was divided into two parts, Part A, Physical-Inorganic, and Part B, Physical-Organic Developments. The 7th National Meeting was sponsored by the Chicago Section as host in cooperation with the St. Louis, New England, Penn York, Niagara-Frontier, Cincinnati, Ohio Valley, New York, Baltimore-Washington, North Texas, Rocky Mountain, and Southeastern Sections of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy and the Chicago Gas Chromatography Group. The editors wish to express their appreciation to the authors and to those who helped with the reviewing. The latter include Dr. Elma Lanterman, Mr. John E. Forrette, Dr. Carl Moore, Dr. B. Jaselskis, Mr. H. G. Zelinski, Mr.

Volume 6 of Developments in Applied Spectroscopy presents a collection of twenty-eight selected papers from those that were pre sented at the Eighteenth Mid-America Symposium on Spectroscopy held in Chicago, May 15 to 18, 1967. In general, the papers selected by the editors are those of the symposium type and not those papers pertaining to a specific research topic that one expects to be sub mitted to a journal. Not all of the submitted papers were included. Some revisions could not meet the deadline and others were not accepted based on the advice of the reviewers. It is the opinion of the committee that this type of publication has *an important place in the literature. The Mid-America Symposium is sponsored annually by the Chicago Section in cooperation with the Cincinnati, Detroit, Indianapolis, Milwaukee, Niagara Frontier, and St. Louis Sections of the Society of Applied Spectroscopy, and the Chicago Gas Chromatography Group. Although the Mid-America is often thought of as a regional meeting, its attendees and authors generally come from all parts of the United States and Canada. Both applied and theoretical principles were provided in sessions on X-ray, emission, atomic-absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, Raman, nuclear-particle, and gamma ray spectroscopy; activation analysis; and gas chromatography. In addition, there were symposia on absorption spectra of biologically significant molecules; the structure of ice, water, and aqueous solu tions; air and water pollution analyses; and the practical application of statistics.

Volume 7 of Developments in Applied Spectroscopy is a collection of forty-two papers selected from those that were presented at the 7th National Meeting of the Society of Applied Spectroscopy, held (in place of the 19th Mid-America Symposium on Spectroscopy) in Chicago, May 13-17, 1968. These papers, selected by the editors and reviewed by persons knowledgeable in the field, are those of the symposium type and not those pertaining to specific research topics that one would expect to be submitted to a journal. It is the opinion of the committee that this type of publication has an important place in the literature. The relatively large number of papers would result in quite a sizable volume if bound in one set of covers. For this reason, and to present the material in areas of more specific iilterest, Volume 7 was divided into two parts, Part A, Physical-Inorganic, and Part B, Physical-Organic Developments. The 7th National Meeting was sponsored by the Chicago Section as host in cooperation with the St. Louis, New England, Penn York, Niagara-Frontier, Cincinnati, Ohio Valley, New York, Baltimore-Washington, North Texas, Rocky Mountain, and Southeastern Sections of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy and the Chicago Gas Chromatography Group. The editors wish to express their appreciation to the authors and to those who helped with the reviewing. The latter include Dr. Elma Lanterman, Mr. John E. Forrette, Dr. Carl Moore, Dr. B. Jaselskis, Mr. H. G. Zelinski, Mr.

Fueled partially by large, well-publicized efforts such as the Human Genome Project, genomic research is a rapidly growing area in multiple biological disciplines, including toxicology. Much of this potential, however, has been discussed in the literature and at technical meetings only in relatively broad terms, making it difficult to assess exactly how data generated from new genomics technologies might actually impact or benefit the risk assessment process.

This practical book, co-published with the National Environmental Health Association, describes the step-by-step procedures needed to avoid common pitfalls in septic system technology. Valuable in matching the septic system to the site-specific conditions, this useful book will help you install a reliable system in both suitable and difficult environments. Septic tank installers, planners, state and local regulators, civil and sanitary engineers, consulting engineers, architects, homeowners, academics, and land developers will find this publication valuable.

Covering theory and practice, Reward Management is an ideal textbook for postgraduate HR students, particularly those taking the CIPD Advanced level module in Strategic Reward Management Now in its fifth edition, Reward Management covers everything postgraduate HR students need to know about the topic to excel in their studies and start their careers as people professionals. It covers reward management systems, frameworks and strategies through to pay setting, pensions, benefits and non-financial reward. There is also coverage of the legal and employment relations context of reward management as well as discussion of international reward management. This new edition now includes brand new content on deferred reward, executive reward, the impact of social transformation and the wider economy on reward as well as changes to reward post the Covid-19 pandemic. The content has been fully updated throughout and now includes new discussion of sustainability and equality, diversity and inclusion and how they apply to reward management. This book is supported by examples, case studies and a range of pedagogical features such as learning objectives, self-test assessment exercises, key learning points and explore further boxes. Online resources include a lecturer manual and PowerPoint slides for every chapter.

The Routledge Companion to Reward Management provides a prestige reference work and a state-of-the-art compilation, mapping out contemporary developments and debates on rewarding people in employment, and how they relate to business, corporate governance and management. Reward management stands at the interdisciplinary interface between economics, industrial relations and HRM, industrial psychology and organizational sociology, and increasingly corporate governance incorporating debates around equity and fairness in and around the employment relationship and wider capital-labour relations. In recent years, trade union decline and widening differentials between those employed at the top of organizations have generated critical commentary in the popular media which can negatively impact on social cohesion. Theoretically underpinned but practically oriented, this Companion will synthesise these trends and controversies around issues while tracing conceptual and empirical provenance, currency and future prospects. It will be an invaluable resource for policy makers, practitioners, students and researchers in reward management, corporate governance, management and HRM seeking convenient access to an area which is highly complex and controversial in application.

Wall Street to Main Street, first published in 1999, focuses on the spectacularly successful career of financier Charles Merrill (1885-1956), the founder of Merrill Lynch & Co., the world's largest brokerage and investment firm. Merrill was the most innovative entrepreneur in the United States financial services sector in the twentieth century and the most important figure in promoting common stocks as a prudent long-term investment vehicle for members of the American middle class. With more than 100 branch offices across the nation, his firm solicited millions of middle-class households and became famous for bringing Wall Street to Main Street in the post-World War II era. Today, American investors hold, either directly or indirectly through mutual funds, a greater percentage of common stocks in their financial portfolios than do the citizens of any other country. Based on archival sources, this book is the first biography published about the career of this major Wall Street figure.

The colonial era is especially appealing in regard to economic history because it represents a study in contrasts. The economy was exceptionally dynamic in terms of population growth and geographical expansion. No major famines, epidemics, or extended wars intervened to reverse, or even slow down appreciably, the tide of vigorous economic growth. Despite this broad expansion, however, the fundamental patterns of economic behavior remained fairly constant. The members of the main occupational groups -- farmers, planters, merchants, artisans, indentured servants, and slaves -- performed similar functions throughout the period. In comparison with the vast number of institutional innovations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, structural change in the colonial economy evolved gradually. With the exception of the adoption of the pernicious system of black slavery, few new economic institutions and no revolutionary new technologies emerged to disrupt the stability of this remarkably affluent commercial-agricultural society. Living standards rose slowly but fairly steadily at a rate of 3 to 5 percent a decade after 1650. (Monetary sums are converted into 1980 dollars so that the figures will be relevant to modern readers.) For the most part, this book describes the economic life styles of free white society. The term "colonists" is virtually synonymous here with inhabitants of European origin. Thus, statements about very high living standards and the benefits of land ownership pertain only to whites. One chapter does focus exclusively, however, on indentured servants and slaves. This book represents the author's best judgment about the most important features of the colonial economy and their relationship to the general society and to the movement for independence. It should be a good starting point for all -- undergraduate to scholar -- interested in learning more about the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

This popular study, lauded by professors and scholars alike, has been diligently revised to reflect the tremendous amount of new research conducted during the last decade, and now includes a totally new chapter on women in the economy. Presenting a great deal of up-to-date information in a concise and lively style, the book surveys the main aspects of the colonial economy: population and economic expansion; the six main occupational groups (family farmers, indentured servants, slaves, artisans, great planters, and merchants); women in the economy; domestic and imperial taxes; the colonial monetary system; living standards for the typical family

There is a large body of shared knowledge between the study of Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management but despite the crossover, they are often treated as very distinct disciplines. Written by a team of experts across both fields, Organizational Behaviour bridges the gap between OB and HRM, with an emphasis on inter-cultural and cross-cultural perspectives of organizational development, talent management, and leadership. Through a critical analysis of existing literature and case studies, the contributors cover topics such as corporate governance, ethical business practices, employee morale and motivation, performance management, corporate politics and conflict resolution, workplace diversity, creativity, and change management - all within the framework of current global employment standards and best practices.