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This book fosters a deeper understanding of the growing Latino
elderly population and the implications on society. It examines
post-WWII demographic and social changes and summarizes research
from sociology, psychology, economics, and public health to shed
light on the economic, physical, and mental well-being of older
Latinos. The political and cultural implications including possible
policy changes are also considered. Written in an engaging style,
each chapter opens with a vignette that puts a human face on the
issues. Boxed exhibits highlight social programs and policies and
physical and mental health challenges that impact Latino elders.
Web alerts direct readers to sites that feature more detailed
information related to the chapter's issues. Each chapter also
features an introduction, examples, tables, figures, a summary, and
discussion questions. The self-contained chapters can be presented
in any order. Latinos in an Aging World explores: Real world
problems individuals face in dealing with poverty, immigration, and
health and retirement decisions The latest data on Latinos as
compared to research on African- and Asian- Americans where
appropriate The unique historical, demographic, social, familial,
and economic situations of various Latino subgroups including those
from Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba How ethnicity affects one's
position of wealth and power and sense of citizenship. The
consequence of life-long disadvantages and stigmatization on
economic, physical, and mental well-being The impact of one's
neighborhood and the proximity to those from similar cultures on
quality of life. The introduction motivates the book and sets the
stage for the entire discussion. Chapter 1 reviews the histories of
the major Hispanic subgroups along with various theories as they
relate to race, ethnicity, and gender that provide a conceptual
framework for understanding the later chapters. Demographic,
economic, and social profiles of the various Hispanic subgroups are
explored in chapter 2. Next the Latino population is explored from
various perspectives including the economic and social situations
of men and women and their educational, marital and family, and
labor force experiences. Chapter 4 examines older immigrants and
their families and identifies the resources available to them in
their communities that often replicate the cultural and social
support system of the old country. Major health risks that older
Latinos face as a result of the disadvantages they experience
throughout life are examined in chapter 5. Family situations and
long-term care and living arrangements of older Hispanics are
examined in chapter 6. The impact of neighborhood on quality of
life in terms of safety and physical and mental wellbeing is
explored in chapter 7. The burden that eldercare can place upon
those who bear the responsibility of their daily care is explored
in chapter 8. Chapter 9 investigates the gaps in income between
minority and non-Hispanic white Americans and reviews what
individuals with few resources need to know about financial
management. The book concludes with the social, political, and
economic implications of the growing Hispanic population and the
role of NGOs and other organizations in providing services to older
populations. Intended for courses on Latinos and aging, diversity,
race and ethnicity, minorities and aging, adult development and
aging, the psychology or sociology or politics of aging, geriatric
social work, public health and aging, global aging, social or
family policy, and health and society taught in the behavioral and
social sciences, ethnic, or Latin American/Chicano Studies, this
book also appeals to researchers and practitioners who work with
Hispanic families.
Scholars from various disciplines have studied humor since
antiquity. Yet, over the centuries, these researchers have also
struggled to conceptualize a viable, well-accepted notion of humor.
Beyond pleasure and amusement, people use humor for a variety of
social functions. On the one hand, humor can cause others to like
the humorous source more, attract regard, ease conversations,
promote expression and the exchange of ideas, introduce new topics
of discussion, or smooth interactions. On the other hand, in
aggressive forms, humor can halt verbal interactions, modify the
usual rules of conversation, communicate critiques, or contribute
to the creation of subversive environments. Not All Claps and
Cheers: Humor in Business and Society Relationships is an original
research anthology that considers different angles from which to
address the use of humor by individuals, groups and business actors
in their interactions within, around, and across organizations-that
is, at the interfaces of business and society. Accordingly, the
research anthology is organized in four sections-"Humor, Business
and Society," "From Society to Business: Humor's Use and Roles in
Activist Movements," "From Business to Society: Humor's Use and
Roles in Marketing, Corporate Communications, and Public
Relations," and "Society within Business: Humor's Use and Roles in
the Workplace and in Organizations." This ground-breaking research
anthology draws on material from marketing, communications, human
resources and stakeholder theory to throw light on this poorly
understood facet of human business behavior.
Almost all families will at some time have to make difficult
decisions concerning aging family members, involving
institutionalization, moving from medical interventions to
palliative care, and even physician-assisted death. Yet, the
historical transition from traditional to post-traditional society
means that these decisions are no longer determined by strict rules
and norms, and the growing role of the welfare state has been
accompanied by changes in the nature of family and social
solidarity. Advances in medical technology and greatly expanded
life spans further complicate the decision-making process. Family,
Intergenerational Solidarity, and Post-Traditional Society examines
a range of difficult issues that families commonly face during the
family life course within these contexts. The book explores both
practical and ethical questions regarding filial responsibility and
the roles of the state and adult children in providing financial
and instrumental support to dependent parents. The book follows the
experiences and deliberations of a fictional family through a
series of vignettes in which its members must make difficult
decisions about the treatment of a seriously ill parent. Advanced
undergraduate and graduate students in family studies,
gerontology/aging, sociology, social work, health and social care,
and nursing will find this essential reading.
Almost all families will at some time have to make difficult
decisions concerning aging family members, involving
institutionalization, moving from medical interventions to
palliative care, and even physician-assisted death. Yet, the
historical transition from traditional to post-traditional society
means that these decisions are no longer determined by strict rules
and norms, and the growing role of the welfare state has been
accompanied by changes in the nature of family and social
solidarity. Advances in medical technology and greatly expanded
life spans further complicate the decision-making process. Family,
Intergenerational Solidarity, and Post-Traditional Society examines
a range of difficult issues that families commonly face during the
family life course within these contexts. The book explores both
practical and ethical questions regarding filial responsibility and
the roles of the state and adult children in providing financial
and instrumental support to dependent parents. The book follows the
experiences and deliberations of a fictional family through a
series of vignettes in which its members must make difficult
decisions about the treatment of a seriously ill parent. Advanced
undergraduate and graduate students in family studies,
gerontology/aging, sociology, social work, health and social care,
and nursing will find this essential reading.
This research anthology explores the concept of food production and
supply, from farm gate to plate, bringing together contemporary
thinking and research on local, national, and global issues from a
stakeholder perspective. A Stakeholder Approach to Managing Food
includes a number of sections to represent these challenges,
opportunities, conflicts, and cohesions affecting relevant
stakeholder groups within food production and supply and their
reaction to, engagement with, and co-creation of the food
environment. For some, local, national, and global interests may
seem at odds. We are in an era of growing and pervasive
multi-national corporations, and these corporations have
significant influence at all levels. Rapidly growing economies such
as China are a focus for the global brand, but is this a scenario
of adaptation or homogenization of food? Alongside this trend
toward national and global development in food, this volume
presents the counter-reaction that is taking place (especially in
developed countries) toward local speciality and culturally bound
foods, with emphasis on the importance of the inter-connection of
local communities and agri-food culture and economy. With an
in-depth analysis of agricultural businesses, this book shows that
the entrepreneurial spirit is alive and well in rural communities
with often renewed and engaged connection with consumers and
imaginative use of new media. This book will be of interest to
students, researchers and policy-makers concerned with agriculture,
food production and economics, cultural studies.
This book contains a selected collection of papers providing an
overview of the state of the art in the study of dynamical systems.
A broad range of aspects of dynamical systems is covered, focusing
on discrete and continuous dynamical systems, bifurcation theory,
celestial mechanics, delay difference and differential equations,
Hamiltonian systems and also the classic challenges in planar
vector fields. Particular attention has been posed on real-world
applications of dynamical systems, showing the constant interaction
of the field with other sciences. The authors have made a special
effort in placing the reader at the frontiers of current knowledge
in the discipline. In this way, recent advances and new trends
become available. The papers are based on talks given at the
International Conference Dynamical Systems: 100 years after
Poincare held at the University of Oviedo, Gijon (Spain), on
September 3-7, 2012. Recent advances and new trends have been
discussed during the meeting, including applications to a wide
range of disciplines such as Biology, Chemistry, Physics and
Economics, among others. The memory of Poincare, who laid the
foundations of dynamical systems, provided the backdrop for the
discussion of the new challenges 100 years after his death.
Despite advances in robot technology, in which industrial
manipulators have replaced mechanisms, cam mechanisms still find
important industrial applications in the textile, food processing
and manufacturing industries. This book is a modern, up-to-date
treatise on the important subject of cam synthesis. Cam mechanisms
have been studied from different points of view, namely, kinematic
synthesis, dynamic synthesis, analysis, design, optimization and
manufacturing. This book is oriented to the kinematic synthesis of
cam mechanisms in a unified framework, i.e. that spatial, spherical
and planar cam mechanisms are integrated in the same formulation.
Traditionally, the synthesis of the three types of cam mechanisms
has been approached using independent formulations. With a unified
formulation, both well known types of cam mechanisms, as well as
novel cam mechanisms can be synthesized, as shown in the book.
Moreover, since all the design parameters are considered in a
unified framework, the optimization theory of cam mechanisms can be
applied systematically, i.e. the criteria applied for the
optimization of planar cam mechanisms, which can be found to some
extent in the literature, can be complemented in order to provide
general criteria for the optimization of spherical and spatial cam
mechanisms. The underlying philosophy of the book has been to
exploit sound mathematical and kinematical tools of analysis and
synthesis that could be used only with the available current
software and hardware. The approach and tools introduced in this
book can assist the designer in producing a broad spectrum of
mechanisms than those described in the book. This will be an
invaluable reference for engineering designers.
1. 1 Preliminary Concepts A cam mechanism is a mechanical system
consisting of three basic components: a driving element, called the
cam; a driven element, termed the follower; and a fixed frame.
Sometimes, an intermediate element is introduced between the cam
and the follower with the purpose of improving the mechanism
performance. This element is called the roller because function is
to produce a pure-rolling relative motion be tween the cam and the
follower. The purpose ofa cam mechanism is the transmission of
power or information. In applications concerning power
transmission, the main good to be transmitted is force or torque;
in applications ofinformation transmission, the main good
transmitted takes the form of motion signals. Most modern appli
cations of cam mechanisms, to be described shortly, are of the
former type. Cam mechanisms used for information transmission were
traditionally found in measuring instruments. With the advent
ofmodern microprocessor-based hardware, this typeof application is
becoming less common. Nevertheless, cam mechanisms are still used
in a wide spectrum of applications, especially in automatic
machines and instruments, textile machinery, computers, printing
presses, food-processing equipment, internal combustion engines,
control systems, and photographic equipment (Prenzel, 1989). In the
design of cam mechanisms, the engineer performs several activities,
namely, task definition, synthesis, analysis, optimization, and
dynamic simulation. These tasks do not always follow this order. In
fact, some loops may appear in the foregoing tasks, such as those
illustrated in Fig. 1. 1. 1."
The aim of this book is to provide an account of the state of the
art in Com putational Kinematics. We understand here under this
term, that branch of kinematics research involving intensive
computations not only of the numer ical type, but also of a
symbolic nature. Research in kinematics over the last decade has
been remarkably ori ented towards the computational aspects of
kinematics problems. In fact, this work has been prompted by the
need to answer fundamental question s such as the number of
solutions, whether real or complex, that a given problem can admit.
Problems of this kind occur frequently in the analysis and
synthesis of kinematic chains, when finite displacements are
considered. The associated models, that are derived from kinematic
relations known as closure equations, lead to systems of nonlinear
algebraic equations in the variables or parameters sought. What we
mean by algebraic equations here is equations whereby the unknowns
are numbers, as opposed to differen tial equations, where the
unknowns are functions. The algebraic equations at hand can take on
the form of multivariate polynomials or may involve trigonometric
functions of unknown angles. Because of the nonlinear nature of the
underlying kinematic models, purely numerical methods turn out to
be too restrictive, for they involve iterative procedures whose
convergence cannot, in general, be guaranteed. Additionally, when
these methods converge, they do so to only isolated solu tions, and
the question as to the number of solutions to expect still
remains."
The quest for more reliable, more environment-friendly, more
fuel-efficient, and more affordable products in an extremely
competitive market appear as the driving forces behind the need for
an integrated approach to mechanical design, analysis, and control.
In this context, aircraft is being designed currently with novel
electromechanical systems for the steering of its control surfaces
- ailerons, rudders, and the like - while terrestrial vehicles are
nowadays designed with active suspensions, to name but a few of the
plethora of mechanical systems whereby an integration of
disciplines is unavoidable. This book is intended to fill the gap
among kinematics, dynamics, and control, as pertaining to complex
mechanical systems, with the aim to ease the task of the design and
control engineers as well as to assist the researchers in related
disciplines in the analysis and synthesis of novel mechanical
systems.
The aim of this book is to provide an account of the state of the
art in Com putational Kinematics. We understand here under this
term, that branch of kinematics research involving intensive
computations not only of the numer ical type, but also of a
symbolic nature. Research in kinematics over the last decade has
been remarkably ori ented towards the computational aspects of
kinematics problems. In fact, this work has been prompted by the
need to answer fundamental question s such as the number of
solutions, whether real or complex, that a given problem can admit.
Problems of this kind occur frequently in the analysis and
synthesis of kinematic chains, when finite displacements are
considered. The associated models, that are derived from kinematic
relations known as closure equations, lead to systems of nonlinear
algebraic equations in the variables or parameters sought. What we
mean by algebraic equations here is equations whereby the unknowns
are numbers, as opposed to differen tial equations, where the
unknowns are functions. The algebraic equations at hand can take on
the form of multivariate polynomials or may involve trigonometric
functions of unknown angles. Because of the nonlinear nature of the
underlying kinematic models, purely numerical methods turn out to
be too restrictive, for they involve iterative procedures whose
convergence cannot, in general, be guaranteed. Additionally, when
these methods converge, they do so to only isolated solu tions, and
the question as to the number of solutions to expect still
remains."
1. 1 Preliminary Concepts A cam mechanism is a mechanical system
consisting of three basic components: a driving element, called the
cam; a driven element, termed the follower; and a fixed frame.
Sometimes, an intermediate element is introduced between the cam
and the follower with the purpose of improving the mechanism
performance. This element is called the roller because function is
to produce a pure-rolling relative motion be tween the cam and the
follower. The purpose ofa cam mechanism is the transmission of
power or information. In applications concerning power
transmission, the main good to be transmitted is force or torque;
in applications ofinformation transmission, the main good
transmitted takes the form of motion signals. Most modern appli
cations of cam mechanisms, to be described shortly, are of the
former type. Cam mechanisms used for information transmission were
traditionally found in measuring instruments. With the advent
ofmodern microprocessor-based hardware, this typeof application is
becoming less common. Nevertheless, cam mechanisms are still used
in a wide spectrum of applications, especially in automatic
machines and instruments, textile machinery, computers, printing
presses, food-processing equipment, internal combustion engines,
control systems, and photographic equipment (Prenzel, 1989). In the
design of cam mechanisms, the engineer performs several activities,
namely, task definition, synthesis, analysis, optimization, and
dynamic simulation. These tasks do not always follow this order. In
fact, some loops may appear in the foregoing tasks, such as those
illustrated in Fig. 1. 1. 1."
This book fosters a deeper understanding of the growing Latino
elderly population and the implications on society. It examines
post-WWII demographic and social changes and summarizes research
from sociology, psychology, economics, and public health to shed
light on the economic, physical, and mental well-being of older
Latinos. The political and cultural implications including possible
policy changes are also considered. Written in an engaging style,
each chapter opens with a vignette that puts a human face on the
issues. Boxed exhibits highlight social programs and policies and
physical and mental health challenges that impact Latino elders.
Web alerts direct readers to sites that feature more detailed
information related to the chapter's issues. Each chapter also
features an introduction, examples, tables, figures, a summary, and
discussion questions. The self-contained chapters can be presented
in any order. Latinos in an Aging World explores: Real world
problems individuals face in dealing with poverty, immigration, and
health and retirement decisions The latest data on Latinos as
compared to research on African- and Asian- Americans where
appropriate The unique historical, demographic, social, familial,
and economic situations of various Latino subgroups including those
from Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba How ethnicity affects one's
position of wealth and power and sense of citizenship. The
consequence of life-long disadvantages and stigmatization on
economic, physical, and mental well-being The impact of one's
neighborhood and the proximity to those from similar cultures on
quality of life. The introduction motivates the book and sets the
stage for the entire discussion. Chapter 1 reviews the histories of
the major Hispanic subgroups along with various theories as they
relate to race, ethnicity, and gender that provide a conceptual
framework for understanding the later chapters. Demographic,
economic, and social profiles of the various Hispanic subgroups are
explored in chapter 2. Next the Latino population is explored from
various perspectives including the economic and social situations
of men and women and their educational, marital and family, and
labor force experiences. Chapter 4 examines older immigrants and
their families and identifies the resources available to them in
their communities that often replicate the cultural and social
support system of the old country. Major health risks that older
Latinos face as a result of the disadvantages they experience
throughout life are examined in chapter 5. Family situations and
long-term care and living arrangements of older Hispanics are
examined in chapter 6. The impact of neighborhood on quality of
life in terms of safety and physical and mental wellbeing is
explored in chapter 7. The burden that eldercare can place upon
those who bear the responsibility of their daily care is explored
in chapter 8. Chapter 9 investigates the gaps in income between
minority and non-Hispanic white Americans and reviews what
individuals with few resources need to know about financial
management. The book concludes with the social, political, and
economic implications of the growing Hispanic population and the
role of NGOs and other organizations in providing services to older
populations. Intended for courses on Latinos and aging, diversity,
race and ethnicity, minorities and aging, adult development and
aging, the psychology or sociology or politics of aging, geriatric
social work, public health and aging, global aging, social or
family policy, and health and society taught in the behavioral and
social sciences, ethnic, or Latin American/Chicano Studies, this
book also appeals to researchers and practitioners who work with
Hispanic families.
In the United States, work is the key to economic success, as
well as the major source of health care coverage and retirement
security. While Europeans look to the State for these benefits,
Americans for the most part do not. This system of employment-based
benefits means that those disadvantaged in the labor market are
also disadvantaged in terms of health care coverage and retirement
security.
The authors of this work examine the overrepresentation of
Mexican Americans in low wage or service sector jobs, which rarely
come with health insurance or retirement coverage. At all ages,
Mexican Americans have lower rates of health insurance and
retirement coverage than do other minority groups, such as African
Americans or other Hispanic groups. Although employment in jobs
that do not provide benefits is one major source of this disparity,
other factors-including immigration history, citizenship status,
and language proficiency-further block opportunities for upward
mobility within the Mexican American population.
In their analysis, the authors work to deemphasize the popular,
cultural explanation for the economic disparities and focus on more
practical, policy-based solutions. In each chapter, the authors
identify and critique the factors that affect the economic security
and health care access of individuals throughout the life course,
suggesting policies for reform.
This work will be of interest to anyone working in the fields of
cultural studies, public health and the sociology of work. With the
focus on real world causes for the problems as well as potential
solutions, policy-makers will also find this informative book an
essential resource.
This expert volume provides specialized coverage of the current
state of the art in carbon gels. Carbon gels represent a promising
class of materials with high added value applications and many
assets, like the ability to accurately tailor their structure,
porosity, and surface composition and easily dope them with
numerous species. The ability to obtain them in custom shapes, such
as powder, beads, monoliths, or impregnated scaffolds opens the way
towards numerous applications, including catalysis, adsorption, and
electrochemical energy storage, among others. Nevertheless, it
remains a crucial question as to which design synthesis and
manufacturing processes are viable from an economic and
environmental point of view. The book represents the perspectives
of renowned specialists in the field, specially invited to conduct
a one-day workshop devoted to carbon gels as part of the 19th
International Sol-Gel Conference, SOL-GEL 2017, held on September
3rd, 2017 in Liege, Belgium. Addressing properties and synthesis
through applications and industry outlook, this book represents
essential reading for advanced graduate students through practicing
researchers interested in these exciting materials.
Neither government programs nor massive charitable efforts
responded adequately to the human crisis that was Hurricane
Katrina. In this study, the authors use extensive interviews with
Katrina evacuees and reports from service providers to identify
what helped or hindered the reestablishment of the lives of
hurricane survivors who relocated to Austin, Texas. Drawing on
social capital and social network theory, the authors assess the
complementary, and often conflicting, roles of FEMA, other
governmental agencies and a range of non-governmental organizations
in addressing survivors' short- and longer-term needs. While these
organizations came together to assist with immediate emergency
needs, even collectively they could not deal with survivors'
long-term needs for employment, affordable housing and personal
records necessary to rebuild lives. Community Lost provides
empirical evidence that civil society organizations cannot
substitute for an efficient and benevolent state, which is
necessary for society to function.
Painful Inheritance is the first comprehensive examination of the
impact of single motherhood on the physical and mental health of
women and their children. Based on solid scientific information, it
documents serious, long-term health consequences associated with
the poverty and social disorganization in which such families often
live. Ronald J. Angel and Jacqueline L. Angel show that the
elevated health risks associated with single motherhood are largely
the result of factors related to social class, including early
motherhood and chronic poverty. They demonstrate the dependency of
single mothers and their children on health-related social welfare
programs and document how under Social Security and Medicare the
old have benefited economically at the expense of the young. Today,
poverty is concentrated among families with children, a
disproportionate number of which are fatherless. The evidence
presented here makes it clear that the physical, mental, and social
health consequences of that poverty will be felt by society for
generations to come. The Angels look at the potential consequences
of legislative changes in health-related federal and state welfare
programs, and they assess the effects that coming changes in the
organization and financing of medical care will have on the health
of poor, single women and their children. In revealing the
complexity of the situation, Painful Inheritance communicates a
clear message that the worsening economic circumstances of poor,
minority fatherless families simply cannot be ignored if many
members of our future generations are not to suffer some degree of
physical or mental impairment.
Esto no es exactamente un libro, ni tampoco un laberinto, quiza sea
ambas cosas a la vez o ninguna de ellas. Se trata de meter un
laberinto en un libro (al reves hubiese sido muy sencillo), a la
vez que de recopilar una serie de historias, datos y curiosidades
que, de una forma u otra, tienen relacion con los laberintos y que
me parecieron curiosas, interesantes, intrigantes o simplemente me
gustaron. Hay de todo un poco. Por otro lado, tambien he pretendido
hacer un libro diferente, en el que no haya que seguir
necesariamente un orden a la hora de leerlo. De hecho, se puede
empezar de adelante hacia atras o al reves, leer paginas al azar o
incluso no leerlo y utilizarlo como folioscopio, que tambien lo es.
Este laberinto-libro contiene tambien varios mensajes ocultos.
Algunos de ellos sencillos y otros mas complicados de descifrar.
En la era de la fotografia digital, la fotografia estenopeica
(pinhole) es un anacronismo que practicamente ya nadie conoce. Hace
unos anos me dedique a experimentar con esta forma de hacer fotos
sin lentes. En este libro he recogido lo que yo aprendi en aquella
epoca sobre la fotografia estenopeica, las tecnicas para construir
unas rudimentarias, pero muy efectivas, camaras de carton y una
muestras de las fotografias que hice.
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