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Globalization and increasing international trade are becoming a
fact of life, bringing increasing tensions and conflicts over their
impacts on societies, livelihoods and the environment. The impacts
are felt in industrialized countries but are often most harsh in
developing economies. The growing debate involves not only
professional economists and lawyers, but a broad range of academic
disciplines as well as civil society and citizens' groups around
the world. This text presents the most important contributions to
the debate, and to the understanding of how sustainable
international trade could be achieved. It should provide a useful
sourcebook and guide to academics, practitioners and activists
involved with these issues.
First Published in 2009. This title contains a diverse collection
of pieces from which the reader can draw an understanding of the
shape and function of the institutions discussed within, the scope
of their activities, and the niche they occupy in the larger
system. Werksman reveals a pattern that organizations grow and
contract erratically and organically in response to competing
demands, concerns and resources. This volume aims to raise
questions as to whether the demands of sustainable development
require a more fundamental push against the inertia of
institutional culture.
Measures for regulating the behaviour of nation states in relation
to the global environment have increasingly taken the form of
international treaties and conventions. Many have argued that this
has proved to be an ineffective way of halting unsustainable
development, for the provisions of these agreements are either too
weak or are flouted regularly by the parties concerned. This volume
seeks to address the crucial question of how compliance with these
agreements could be encouraged effectively without damaging the
fragile political consensus that is emerging on environmental
issues. With extensive use of case studies, Improving Compliance
will make stimulating reading for all students and researchers
working in this area, as well as for anyone concerned about the
effectiveness of international environmental measures.
First Published in 2009. This title contains a diverse collection
of pieces from which the reader can draw an understanding of the
shape and function of the institutions discussed within, the scope
of their activities, and the niche they occupy in the larger
system. Werksman reveals a pattern that organizations grow and
contract erratically and organically in response to competing
demands, concerns and resources. This volume aims to raise
questions as to whether the demands of sustainable development
require a more fundamental push against the inertia of
institutional culture.
Measures for regulating the behaviour of nation states in relation
to the global environment have increasingly taken the form of
international treaties and conventions. Many have argued that this
has proved to be an ineffective way of halting unsustainable
development, for the provisions of these agreements are either too
weak or are flouted regularly by the parties concerned. This volume
seeks to address the crucial question of how compliance with these
agreements could be encouraged effectively without damaging the
fragile political consensus that is emerging on environmental
issues. With extensive use of case studies, Improving Compliance
will make stimulating reading for all students and researchers
working in this area, as well as for anyone concerned about the
effectiveness of international environmental measures.
As political momentum surrounding climate change builds in the US,
policymakers are taking a fresh look at national climate policy and
American involvement in multilateral climate negotiations. And as
in years past, the potential economic impact of any US effort to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions stands as a central question in the
Washington policy debate. Of particular concern is the effect
climate policy would have on carbon-intensive US manufacturing.
Many of these industries are already under pressure from foreign
competition, particularly large emerging economies like China,
India, and Brazil that are not bound to reduce emissions under the
current international climate framework. As the Congress takes up
domestic climate legislation and the Administration reengages in
multilateral climate negotiations, policymakers are looking for
ways to avoid putting US industry at a competitive disadvantage
vis-a-vis countries without similar climate policy, lest a decline
in industrial emissions at home is simply replaced by increases in
emissions abroad. While this would be best achieved through
harmonized international climate policy, the differences between
countries in level of economic development, obligations stemming
from historic emissions and responsibilities arising from future
emissions, mean harmonization is still a long way off. The question
then, in the design of domestic US climate policy today, is how to
level the playing field for carbon-intensive industries during a
period of transition, where trading partners are moving at
different speeds and adopting a variety of policies to reduce
emissions...and how to do so in a way that doesn't threaten the
prospects of broader international agreement down the road. This
book, a collaboration between the Peterson Institute for
International Economics and the World Resources Institute, tackles
these issues through an assessment of the economics and trade flows
of key carbon-intensive industries. They evaluate a wide range of
policy options, including those that would impose carbon costs on
foreign-produced goods at the border (currently included in draft
US legislation and under consideration in the EU) in terms of their
effectiveness in reducing emissions and addressing competitiveness
issues and their impact on health of multilateral trade and climate
negotiations.
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